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Results for “Child Development”

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PubMed1984

A comprehensive care program for pregnant addicts: obstetrical, neonatal, and child development outcomes.

This study reports the results of a comprehensive care program for pregnant addicts, one that provides medical, counseling, and child development services. Findings include the following. Women who enroll while pregnant generally stay through childbirth, and most deliveries are free of complication. Most newborns are of normal gestational age and birthweight, and these outcomes are directly related to length and amount of prenatal care. Neonatal withdrawal is directly related to prenatal maternal methadone dose. Child development, as measured by the Bayley Scales, is usually in the normal range, although mean scores for cognitive development decrease through age 2. Female babies generally have higher cognitive and motor scores than males, and their cognitive scores decline less sharply than those of the males. Developmental scores are directly related to neonatal maturity, especially birthweight. Prenatal maternal methadone dose tends to be negatively related to developmental scores for boys but not for girls.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Child development and public policy: toward a dynamic systems perspective.

Little theoretical work exists that proposes general mechanisms for how public policies may influence child development. This article argues that dynamic systems theories may be useful in illuminating such processes, as well as highlighting gaps in current research at the intersection of public policy analysis and developmental science. A brief review of dynamic systems theories as they are currently utilized in other areas of developmental science is provided, as well as a statement of why they may help advance research in public policy and child development. Five principles of dynamic systems theories are presented and discussed using examples from research that address the question, "How do current antipoverty and welfare reform policies affect children?" Also presented are examples of hypotheses and research questions that each principle may generate for future work. The concluding section presents challenges that each principle poses for research methodology, and potential uses of the dynamic systems approach for developing and integrating policy and program initiatives.

Child↗

PubMed1992

The construct of brain maturation in theories of child development.

Developmental psychologists have avoided using brain maturation as a primary construct in theories of child development for a variety of reasons during the past 40 years. However, during the last decade we have seen a return to considering brain growth as a useful element in theory construction. During the past few years, the frontal lobe has received increasing attention with respect to major developmental issues. In this Introduction, we review some of these historical and contemporary trends.

Brain↗

PubMed1999

The appropriateness of western models of parent involvement in Calcutta, India. Part 1: Parents' views on teaching and child development.

As the initial stage of an evaluation of services offered to families at Shishu Sathi, West Bengal, by Spastics Society of Eastern India, a partial replication of a Guyanese study was undertaken. The results are presented in two papers. This paper (part 1) examines parents' beliefs concerning child development and the effectiveness of teaching. Part 2 explores roles and responsibilities within families in relation to the time available to parents for active participation in a parent involvement project. The aim is to find out in terms of the above issues whether, and to what extent, it is appropriate to apply Western models of Intervention with families in West Bengal. The findings suggest that strong similarities exist between parents' beliefs in this study, the Guyanese sample, and Western expectations, concerning child development and the effects of teaching, though with certain interesting exceptions. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed along with implications for the design and delivery of services.

Adult↗

PubMed1986