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Results for “Choroidal Effusions”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Phacotrabeculectomy with a small-optic PMMA implant: two-year functional and morphological results.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have documented good pressure control with combined cataract and filtering surgery. However, relatively high incidences of iridocapsular synechiae (ICS) and cell precipitates on the optic (CPO) were found. Corneal valve incisions preclude intraoperative chamber flattening and iris injury or prolapse. Rigid one-piece PMMA lenses with a small optic maintain a pronounced optic-iris clearance. In a prospective series, the effect of this approach was studied with special regard to the morphological results. METHODS: A temporary corneal lip was created in the clear cornea beneath the scleral flap to serve as a temporary valve during cataract extraction. The lip was then widened and a rigid one-piece 5-mm PMMA lens implanted. Lip and trabeculum were finally excised en bloc at a width of 3 mm. Two years' functional and morphological results were evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty-four eyes were available for evaluation. After the mean follow-up of 21 months, mean IOP had dropped from 21.6+/-3 mm Hg preoperatively to 13.9+/-2.4 mm Hg, with a mean pressure reduction of 7.7+/-3.4 mm Hg. IOP was 18 mm Hg or less in all cases. The mean medication index dropped from 2.7 to 1.0. Eyes with a preoperative IOP of 21 mm Hg or more showed a significantly greater IOP reduction than eyes with an IOP of 20 mm Hg or less (-9.2+/-3.0 vs. -6.1+/-2.9 mm Hg, p = 0.0003). Intraoperatively, the temporary valve effectively prevented chamber flattening and iris injury or prolapse. Postoperatively, 9 eyes or 6% showed hyphemas, 1 undergoing lavage. Two eyes developed a capsular hematoma, 1 requiring YAG capsulotomy. Ten eyes or 19% developed mild and 2 eyes severe but transient fibrin exudation following hypotony or iridoplasty. One eye showed grade I anterior chamber flattening, 1 developed a ciliolenticular block requiring surgery. Postoperative pressure spikes of 30-35 mm Hg were noted in 4 eyes. Three eyes showed prolonged hypotony associated with transient choroidal effusion. A pronounced optic-iris clearance was found in 87% of the eyes. Iris-optic touch developed in 1 eye with prolonged postoperative anterior chamber flattening and in 3 of the 4 eyes that had undergone intraoperative iridoplasty. Three of the latter developed extensive ICS followed by CPO. The mean optic-iris distance was 1.2 mm and the anterior chamber depth 4.2 mm. CONCLUSION: Apart from effectively lowering IOP, the surgical approach used significantly reduced the incidence of ICS and CPO.

Anterior Eye Segment↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Results of trabeculotomy and guarded filtration procedure for glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of trabeculotomy and guarded filtration procedure in the management of glaucoma associated with the Sturge-Weber syndrome. METHODS: Six patients (seven eyes) with Sturge-Weber syndrome who underwent glaucoma surgery were retrospectively reviewed. One patient had bilateral glaucoma. Age at the time of operation ranged between 23 days and 9 years. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 30.6 mmHg (range 25-38 mmHg). Trabeculotomy and guarded filtration procedure were performed in three eyes each and both techniques were used in one eye. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 6.3 (range 2-11) years. A single procedure lowered the intraocular pressure and arrested the progression of the disease in five eyes. Two patients required topical antiglaucoma medication. No patient needed reoperation. Two eyes suffered intra- and post-operative temporary choroidal effusions. CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculotomy in infancy and guarded filtration procedure in older children effectively stabilized the eyes and prevented further glaucomatous damage in our patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Child↗

PubMed2002

Bilateral orbital signs predict cortical venous drainage in cavernous sinus dural AVMs.

BACKGROUND: Most cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous malformations (CSdAVM) have a benign clinical course. Those CSdAVM that drain into cortical veins have an increased risk for neurologic complications. OBJECTIVE: To find whether a specific clinical sign predicts cortical venous drainage (CVD) in CSdAVM. METHODS: The records of 118 patients with CSdAVM were evaluated for the clinical features of the disorder and tested for predictive value of CVD demonstrated angiographically or suggested by MRI using logistic regression and odds ratio (OR) analysis. RESULTS: Clinical signs that predicted the presence of CVD included bilateral orbital signs (p = 0.004, OR = 23.84) and presence of a postauricular bruit (p = 0.035, OR = 23.8). No other clinical sign predicted the presence of CVD, including extraocular muscle dysfunction, abducens or oculomotor dysfunction, increased intraocular pressure, venous stasis retinopathy, choroidal effusion, optic neuropathy, subjective bruit, and objective orbital bruit. CONCLUSION: Patients who present with or develop bilateral orbital congestion should be recognized as being at increased risk for CVD.

Cavernous Sinus↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment of advanced chronic angle closure glaucoma in Weill-Marchesani syndrome.

PURPOSE: To describe the surgical treatment of advanced chronic angle closure glaucoma in Weill-Marchesani syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two children with Weill-Marchesani syndrome (4 eyes) undergoing lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and sutured intraocular lens (IOL) and Molteno tube shunt surgery at Wills Eye Hospital were prospectively studied. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded. RESULTS: Both patients presented with increasing myopia and advanced glaucomatous damage. Laser iridotomy was ineffective in deepening the anterior chamber. The first patient developed a flat anterior chamber after trabeculectomy. At the 12-month follow-up visit, all 4 eyes had an important decrease in IOP and cupping after combined lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and sutured IOL and Molteno tube shunt placement. One eye had a transitory postoperative choroidal effusion and retinal detachment that resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced chronic angle closure glaucoma in Weill-Marchesani syndrome may be treated with a combination of lensectomy, anterior vitrectomy, and sutured IOL and Molteno tube shunt surgery. In early cases, prophylactic peripheral iridotomies should be stressed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1999

Mitomycin C in higher risk trabeculectomy: a prospective comparison of 0.2- to 0.4-mg/cc doses.

PURPOSE: This randomized, masked, prospective study was conducted to compare the outcome of filtering surgery using doses of 0.2 mg/cc or 0.4 mg/cc of mitomycin C (MMC) in eyes that were at higher risk from previous conjunctival incisional surgery. METHODS: Eyes of 50 consecutive patients with primary open-angle, pseudoexfoliation, or pigmentary glaucoma requiring trabeculectomy who had previously undergone either limbal cataract surgery or trabeculectomy were enrolled. Patients received an intraoperative dose of either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/cc MMC for 2 minutes (n = 25 in each study group). Intraocular pressure (IOP), logMAR visual acuity, and complications were monitored at regular intervals for 1 year. Unpaired student t tests were used to compare percent decrease in IOP in both study groups at each interval. RESULTS: The percent decrease in IOP was not significantly different between groups at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, or 1 year after surgery. LogMAR visual acuity was not significantly different between groups at 1 month, 6 months, or 1 year. Treatment failure occurred in seven patients in the 0.2 mg/cc group (28%) and seven patients in the 0.4 mg/cc group (29.2%). Postoperative hypotony, choroidal effusions and hemorrhages, and wound leaks occurred in both groups, but occurred more often in the group receiving 0.4 mg/cc MMC. CONCLUSION: Filtering surgery performed on higher risk eyes was as effective using a lower dose (0.2 mg/cc) of MMC as that using a higher dose (0.4 mg/cc). Incidence of complications and treatment failures was slightly higher in the group receiving high-dose MMC.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Surgical outcome of combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the results of phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy in patients with cataracts coexisting with glaucoma. METHODS: This study consisted of 20 eyes from 19 patients. Fifteen eyes had chronic angle-closure glaucoma and 5 eyes had primary open-angle glaucoma. All cases were followed for a minimum of 6 months (range, 6 to 16 months). The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 17.3 +/- 4.5 mmHg. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.05 +/- 0.19. The mean number of preoperative antiglaucoma medications per patient was 2.3. RESULTS: Postoperatively, all patients except for one no longer required antiglaucoma medication. The mean IOP was 10.7 +/- 3.7 mmHg one month postoperatively and 13.7 +/- 4.3 mmHg at the final follow-up visit. Vision improved in 80% of the patients and remained unchanged in 20%. The failure to achieve improvement was due to advanced optic atrophy. The mean level of surgically induced astigmatism at the final visit was 0.98 +/- 0.91 diopters as calculated by vector analysis. Various extents of fibrin exudate was found in 10 eyes (50%). The most serious postoperative complication, occurring in one eye (5%), was temporary hypotony with moderate choroidal effusion, which later resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy is an effective and safe approach for obtaining good visual rehabilitation and glaucoma control.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma following topiramate treatment].

We describe a case of bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma associated with oral topiramate therapy. A 64 year old woman developed bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma two weeks after beginning topiramate therapy for peripheral diabetic neuropathy. A topical and systemic anti-glaucomatous treatment were given and laser peripheral iridotomies were performed and, the intraocular pressure were stabilized. However, the anterior chambers remained very shallow and peripheral ciliochoroidal detachment was observed and confirmed echographically. Assuming that the mechanism of acute bilateral simultaneous angle closure glaucoma differs from the common pupillary block, and is related to external cause, the topiramate therapy was discontinued, and the patient was treated with cycloplegic agent and steroids. A gradual deepening of the anterior chamber and resolution of the choroidal edema were accompanied by improvement of visual acuity and corneal clarity. The presumed mechanism of drug related acute bilateral angle closure glaucoma is choroidal effusion and detachment associated with forward budging of the iris-lens diaphragm. This, in turn, causes a shallow anterior chamber and blockage of the ocular draining system.

Cornea↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pars plana modified Baerveldt implant versus neodymium:YAG cyclophotocoagulation in the management of neovascular glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative effectiveness of neodymium:YAG cyclophotocoagulation (NCYC) and pars plana modified Baerveldt implant (PPBI) surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) control in eyes with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). PARTICIPANTS: In this retrospective comparative group study, 30 patients with NVG treated with contact NCYC were compared with 18 patients who underwent PPBI. Patients groups were not statistically dissimilar with respect to the underlying disorder-causing angle and iris neovascularization, intraocular pressure, and patient's age. RESULTS: During a follow up of 6 months, an IOP control of > or = 6 and < or = 21 mm Hg was achieved in 23 eyes (76.6%) treated with NCYC compared with 17 eyes (94.4%) receiving PPBI (P = 0.13). Among eyes that had unsuccessful outcome in both groups, the proportions with persistently high IOP or hypotony were greater in the NCYC group than in the PPBI group. Based on our criteria, the cumulative proportion of failure in the NCYC group was 23.3% at 6 months as compared to 5.6% in the PPBI group. Seven eyes (23.3%) in the NCYC group lost light perception versus 1 eye (5.6%) in the PPBI group. The incidence of postoperative choroidal effusion (36%) was higher in the PPBI group. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in the management of NVG, PPBI surgery more frequently controls IOP in a medically acceptable range with less hypotony and greater preservation of visual acuity than NCYC.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Clinical experience with the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant in complicated glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: To assess clinical outcomes of the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant, an aqueous shunting device with a unidirectional valve mechanism, in eyes with refractory glaucoma. METHODS: Consecutive patients with intractable glaucoma who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve insertion were retrospectively reviewed. Only patients with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were included. The presence of intraocular pressure (IOP) > or = 22 mmHg in the first 6 postoperative months was defined as a hypertensive phase (HP). This study included 19 eyes in 19 patients. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 32.1 +/- 6.9 mmHg, with medication (mean times medication administered, 3.8 +/- 1.0; range, 0-3). The mean postoperative IOP was 7.8 +/- 2.2 mmHg on day 1, 11.3 +/- 4.4 mmHg at 1 week, 19.1 +/- 7.7 mm Hg at 1 month, 16.5 +/- 6.4 mmHg at 3 months, and 17.5 +/- 0.7 mmHg at 6 months, respectively. Twelve patients (63.2%) exhibited the HP. Nine patients (49.3%) experienced the HP at 1 month and 3 patients at 2 months after the operation. At the end of 6 months of follow-up, 11 patients (57.9%) who had exhibited the HP required additional anti-glaucoma medication to control the IOP (mean times medication was administered, 1.0 +/- 1.1; range, 0-2). Complications associated with the valve included hyphema in 1 case, choroidal effusion in 2 cases, iris plugging of the tube in 1 case, bleb encapsulation in 3 cases, and PK graft failure in 1 case. Postoperative hypotony resolved within 1 week. CONCLUSION: The Ahmed glaucoma valve implant was safe and effective in this series. The hypertensive phase peaked in the first to second months after surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[The long-term effect of phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy and intraoperative 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma patients].

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effect of phacoemulsification, lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy augmented with 5-Fluorouracil (phaco-trab-5-Fu) in Asian glaucoma patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS: This retrospective study included 71 consecutive patients who underwent phaco-trab-5-Fu in Singapore National Eye Center between January 1996 and December 1998. Patients with follow-up time less than 6 months were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was (53.1 +/- 20.9) months. Postoperative IOP was significantly lower than preoperation [(15.0 +/- 4.0) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), (20.3 +/- 5.4) mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01]. Postoperative number of antiglaucoma medications was also significantly decreased than preoperation (P < 0.01). IOP of 1 to 5 years postoperation dropped significantly from that of preoperation (P < 0.01). Complete success (CS) rate of phaco-trab-5-Fu was 84.2%, 62.7%, 55.3% for 1, 3, 5 years, respectively. There were neither significant difference found in PACG group and POAG group, or in single-incision and separate-incision of CS rate. But mean IOP of last follow-up was significantly different between PACG and POAG [mean IOP (13.8 +/- 4.6) mmHg, (16.2 +/- 3.7) mmHg, respectively, P = 0.02]. According to LogMAR chart, mean preoperative visual acuity (VA) and postoperative VA were 0.75 +/- 0.40 and 0.46 +/- 0.46, respectively. Postoperative VA was significantly improved (P < 0.01). In visual field, MD were (-16.6 +/- 8.8) dB and (-17.6 +/- 10.1) dB at preoperation and postoperation, respectively. PSD were (6.2 +/- 2.9) dB and (6.5 +/- 3.2) dB correspondingly. There were no significant difference in both MD and PSD (P = 0.55, 0.64, respectively). One patient had early endophthalmitis and required vitrectomy. Two late-onset of hypotony were due to choroidal effusion and wound leak. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy and 5-Fu could be a successful and safe treatment for patients with cataract and primary glaucoma in a long run. There is no difference in success rate in PACG and POAG, or in single incision or separate incision in such combined surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Effectiveness of the combined surgical treatment for glaucoma and cataract].

PURPOSE: There are currently some techniques of combined cataract and glaucoma treatment. They have been under debate for many years. We present efficacy of different techniques of combined cataract and glaucoma surgery MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 patients (60 eyes, 21 male and 29 female), mean age 64.9+/-5.6 years enrolled in the study were divided into 3 groups in which the combined surgery were performed. Group 1: phacotrabeculectomy (20 patients, 27 eyes) (FT), group 2: phacoemulsification combined with deep nonperforative sclerectomy (20 patients, 23 eyes) (FS) and group 3: phacoemulsification combined with iridocleisis (10 patients, 10 eyes) (FW). Measure outcomes during 6 months of follow up were: value of postoperative intraocular pressure, visual acuity, pre and postoperative antiglaucoma medications ratio, intra and postoperative complications. RESULTS: There were not differences in preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) among group 1 and 2 Significantly higher IOP was assessed in group 3. Preoperative antiglaucoma medications ratio was the highest in group 3 (3.5 +/- 1.5) as compared with group 1 and 2, (2.0 +/- 1.5). Postoperatively mean value of IOP was significantly lower as compared with the value in preoperative period in each group. After 3 months of follow up the IOP lower than 20 mmHg was achieved in 81.5% eyes in group 1, 73.9% eyes in group 2 and in 40 % of eyes in group 3. Six months postoperatively the target IOP was decreased to 62.9% in group 1 and 65.2% in group 2 and slightly increased to 50% in group 3. Postoperative antiglaucoma medications ratio was higher in group 3 (2.0 +/- 1.0), as compared with group 1 and 2, (1.5 +/- 1.0). The best visual acuity after 6 month of follow up was achieved in group 2, (0.8 +/- 0.2). More severe intraoperative complications such as: anterior chamber bleeding as well as postoperative complications eg.: hypotension, inflammation were noticed particularly in group 1 and 3 and choroidal effusion only in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy in lowering of IOP after FT and FS is the highest within first 3 months postoperatively. In the late postoperative period the efficacy of these methods is significantly decreasing and additional conservative treatment has to be introduced. Interestingly, the efficacy of IOP normalization after FW in the late postoperative period increases. Most of intra and postoperative complications are link up on FT and FW techniques. Our results suggest that further investigations and preparing more adequate indications for surgical strategy among patients with combined cataract and glaucoma are needed.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease].

BACKGROUND: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is a bilateral panuveitis associated with exudative retinal detachment. This disease typically affects young adults, and occurs most frequently among Asians. Meningeal signs, dysacusis, poliosis and vitiligo are usual features of the condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present three patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. RESULTS: All patients presented with decreased vision. Two of them had typical prodromal symptoms, with headache and meningism. Bilateral panuveitis with exudative retinal detachment and choroidal effusion developed in all patients. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated areas of pinpoint hyperfluorescence at the level of the pigment epithelium and pooling of dye in the area of exudative detachments. All patients responded well to high-dose systemic corticosteroids, with resolution of the exudative retinal detachments and improved visual acuity. Interpretation. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is a rare, but important, diagnosis in patients with bilateral uveitis. Early administration of high-dose systemic steroids is recommended for successful treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Needling-revision of failed filtering blebs.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of needling-revision of failed blebs after trabeculectomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 28 eyes of 28 patients who underwent a trabeculectomy with subsequent needling-revision between January 2002 and December 2003. The mean follow-up was 15 months after the first needling-revision. All interventions were conducted by the same surgeon. Absolute success was defined as an IOP <18 mmHg without medication or as an IOP reduction > 20% without medication if the preoperative IOP was < or = 21 mmHg. Relative success was defined as meeting these criteria with or without medication. RESULTS: The mean interval between trabeculectomy and the first needling-revision was 5 months. Repeated needling-revision (up to 3 times) was performed as clinically necessary. In 90% of the needling-revisions 5-FU was used to prevent postoperative fibrosis. The mean +/- SD IOP before needling-revision and at the last follow-up was respectively 24.7 +/- 6 and 15.7 +/- 3 mmHg (p<0.001) Needling-revision was an absolute success in 39% (11/28) and a relative success in 68% (19/28). Minor complications attributed to needling-revision occurred in 32% including self reabsorbing subconjunctival bleeding (1), filamental (1) and punctate keratitis (1), transient choroidal effusion (3), wound leak (4) and hyphaema (2). Progression of cataract occurred in 1 patient. A serious complication occurred in 1 case (hypotony with persistent macular oedema). CONCLUSIONS: Bleb needling-revision can prevent more invasive intervention in a significant number of patients with failed trabeculectomy blebs. Complications are similar to those seen after trabeculectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Childhood glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome --the efficacy of cyclofotocoagulation and other therapeutic methods].

PURPOSE: Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare congenital neurooculocutaneous disorder. Ocular involvement can include glaucoma and vascular malformations of the conjunctiva, episclera, choroid and retina. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 16 children (16 eyes) with Sturge-Weber syndrome associated with glaucoma (mean age--34 month, mean follow up 8.87 years) treated in our institution, were reviewed. In retrospective analysis were assessed: IOP and postoperative complications after diode laser cyklophotocoagulation (16 eyes), after trabeculectomy (6 eyes) and trabeculectomy with MMC (3 eyes). RESULTS: In ten eyes (62.5%) good result (IOP 6-22 mmHg) post cyclophotokoagulation--(3x) was recorded, as well as in 3 eyes (50%) post trabeculectomy and in 3 eyes (100%) post trabeculectomy with MMC 0.2/4 min. No postoperative complications occured in cyclophotocoagulation group. Complications after trabeculectomy were the following: 3 cases of hypotony, 4 cases with shallow anterior chamber and 5 with choroidal effusions. CONCLUSIONS: Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation combined with topical medication is an effective and safe treatment of glaucoma in children with Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Postoperative complications and visual loss following Molteno implantation.

A retrospective review of 16 initial, consecutive cases of Molteno implantation with at least 6 months of follow up showed that all eyes developed either or both early-onset (12 eyes) or late-onset (7 eyes) complications. The early-onset complications, which included choroidal effusions and flat anterior chambers, tended to resolve without difficulty. By contrast, the late-onset complications, which included 4 implant extrusions, 2 vitreous hemorrhages, 1 persistent hyphema, 1 cystoid macular edema, 1 opacified vitreous face, and 1 tractional detachment with fibrous ingrowth, tended to herald poor visual prognoses. Implant removal was required in three cases. Overall, vision improved in 3 eyes (18.8%), remained unchanged in 3 (18.8%), and deteriorated two or more lines in 10 (62.4%). In 3 eyes vision deteriorated to no light perception; 2 of them became phthisical. These complications often occurred despite successful control of intraocular pressure (less than 23 mm Hg). The relatively high complication rates in this series as compared with previously reported ones probably reflects a combination of factors not necessarily related to the Molteno surgery; primarily, the patients in this small series may have had more severe disease and more prior surgeries than those in other such series.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Glaucoma filtration surgery: new horizontal mattress closure of conjunctival incision.

We developed a conjunctival wound closure technique with the idea of decreasing the incidence of wound leak following glaucoma filtration surgery. A micropoint 9-0 nylon vascular needle is used as a running mattress suture to close the limbal conjunctiva in routine fornix-based flap trabeculectomy surgery, trabeculectomy surgery with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and combined cataract and trabeculectomy surgery. In a series of 52 eyes in 52 patients in which we used this technique, there have been no cases of flat anterior chamber or significant choroidal effusion, complications often occurring secondary to trabeculectomy which require further intervention.

Cataract Extraction↗

PubMed1989

[Comparative studies in chronic ocular chalcosis].

Seven eyes containing a copper foreign body for a period from 8 months to 2.5 years were studied histopathologically. Foreign bodies, containing 99% copper, were in all eyes, encapsulated and located in the anterior vitreous. Characteristic features were: formation of foreign body granuloma, especially in later stages, marked fibroblastic proliferation in the vitreous with traction retinal detachment, choroidal effusion with fibrosis and foci of chronic nongranulomatous inflammation in cyclitic membranes, iris, ciliary body and sclera. Copper could be identified by rubeanic acid and rhodanine stainings in the fibrous capsule around foreign body in all eyes, in the lens capsule in one eye and in macrophages in the vitreous and retina in 2 eyes. In eyes with intravitreal haemorrhage macrophages contained also haemosiderin.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term results of Molteno implants.

We retrospectively reviewed 76 Molteno implants in 72 eyes, with a minimum of 18 months' follow up. Double-plate implants were used initially in 64 of these eyes. After a mean follow up of 33.27 months, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14.0 mm Hg, as compared with 35.31 mm Hg preoperatively. With success defined as an IOP greater than 5 mm Hg but no greater than 21 mm Hg at the last visit, the success rate was 74%. If the four cases of chronic hypotony without loss of best-corrected vision are included, the success rate was 79%. The most frequent complications included corneal graft failure, filtration tube blockage, choroidal effusion, and hyphema/vitreous hemorrhage.

Adolescent↗