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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Measuring autistic traits: heritability, reliability and validity of the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist.

BACKGROUND: Autistic traits are widely distributed in the general population, but the boundaries of the autistic spectrum are unclear. Whole-population surveys of unselected samples of children are hampered by the lack of appropriate screening instruments. AIMS: To assess whether the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) fulfils the need for a sensitive measure of autistic traits, which can be completed in a few minutes and which measures heritable characteristics in both males and females. METHOD: A12-item scale, the SCDC, was completed by three independent samples drawn from a twin register, a group with Turner syndrome and children with a diagnosis of autistic-spectrum disorder attending clinics. The data were used to establish the heritability, reliability and validity of the checklist. RESULTS: Traits measured by the SCDC were highly heritable in both genders (0.74). Internal consistency was excellent (0.93) and test - retest reliability high (0.81). Discriminant validity between pervasive developmental disorder and other clinical groups was good, discrimination from non-clinical samples was better; sensitivity (0.90), specificity (0.69). CONCLUSIONS: The SCDC is a unique and efficient first-level screening questionnaire for autistic traits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Postrotatory nystagmus duration as a function of communication disorders.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between functioning of the vestibular system, measured by duration of postrotatory mystagmus, and specific communiccation disorders (articulation, speech and language, and language). A total of 190 children participated in the study, 173 of which were included in the final data analysis. The findings revealed a depressed mean duration of postrotatory nystagmus in all categories of communication disorders when compared to the control group. In addition, the language group had a sig;ificantly lower mean duration of postrotatory nystagmus when compared to the articulation and speech and language groups. Although the test measure did discriminate between groups, it did not discriminate well between children within groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sex and race differences in the identification of communicative disorders in preschool children as measured by the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers.

Twelve hundred four preschool children were administered the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP), a screening test for children aged 2.5 to 5.5 years designed to identify children at risk for learning problems. Scores on the Verbal Index of the MAP were analyzed for each of six age groups by sex and race, using six 2-way ANOVA's. Results indicated that boys and girls in all six age groups were equally identified as being at risk for communication disorders. In three of six age groups, black children had a greater likelihood of being identified at risk than white children. Results are discussed in terms of cultural and gender bias and compared with other language screening tests.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Communication disorder in renaissance Italy: an unreported case analysis by Hieronymus Mercurialis (1530-1606).

This paper presents and explains an early clinical discussion of the case of a young nobleman who had developed a severe speech impediment associated with anxiety. The discussion was written by the famous Italian physician Hieronymus Mercurialis, in consultation with the renowned surgeon Gaspar Tagliacozzi, probably in the late 1580s. The case had first come to the attention of Dr. Pio Enea Caprili, who wrote to Mercurialis for an opinion. It has not heretofore been cited in the modern literature on communication disorders. The document is placed in its intellectual context and modern analogues are cited. Mercurialis' discussion belongs to a highly developed tradition of language study in medicine and natural philosophy that goes back to ancient Greece and deserves to be better known. A brief survey of late 16th century literature on voice and speech is provided in an appendix.

History, 16th Century↗
PubMed1996

Treatment efficacy: cognitive-communicative disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury in adults.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) may result in a broad array of cognitive-communicative impairments. Cognitive-communicative impairments are the result of deficits in linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive functions. The speech-language pathologist functions as a member of the multidisciplinary team of professionals that collaboratively assess and treat individuals with TBI. The role of the speech-language pathologist includes assessment of all aspects of communication, as well as the communicative implications of cognitive deficits, and swallowing; treatment planning and programming, as determined by the individual's stage of recovery; client and family training/counseling; and interdisciplinary consultation. The effectiveness of speech and language intervention for specific cognitive deficits (e.g., attention, memory, executive functions) as well as general issues of social-skills training and early intervention are illustrated by scientific and clinical evidence from group-treatment and single-subject studies as well as case studies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

[Agitation expressing pain in demented people with communication disorders].

Subjects with severe dementia can no longer clearly communicate verbally. In these subjects, pain, frequently experienced by aged subjects, can be expressed by behavioral disturbances, especially agitation, one of the most frequent psychobehavioral disorder in dementia. Occurrence of sudden agitation or aggressive behavior should be investigated in search of a painful disorder. Use of behavioral scales for pain assessment may be highly recommended as well as careful analysis of the circumstances of apparition of agitation, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. A empirical analgesic trial be useful to relate agitation to pain.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Communicative intervention for children with psychiatric and communication disorders.

Many children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders exhibit severely compromised language and social communication systems. The nature and scope of their deficits make a multidisciplinary team approach essential to management in which improved functional and socially appropriate communication is a primary goal. For this reason SLPs generally play a key role in the intervention process and share responsibilities for the planning, coordination, and implementation of instructional-educational goals.

Adolescent↗