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Results for “Communication Programs”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Dangerous liaisons at the virological synapse.

Cell-to-cell viral transmission facilitates the propagation of HIV-1 and human T cell leukemia virus type 1. Mechanisms of cell-to-cell transmission by retroviruses were not well understood until the recent description of virological synapses (VSs). VSs function as specialized sites of immune cell-to-cell contact that direct virus infection. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of VS formation provides a fascinating insight into how pathogens subvert immune cell communication programs and achieve viral spread.

Cell Communication↗

PubMed1991

In-home generalization of social interactions in families of adolescents with behavior problems.

The effects of a three-phase family communication program were evaluated. In the skill-teaching phase, family members were taught reciprocal social communication skills in a clinic setting. During the skill-review phase, each family member practiced the skills in their homes with the teacher. During the home-based family conference phase, each family was taught to use a structured format to resolve current family issues using their newly acquired skills. In-home parent-youth interactions were observed during a series of 1-hr sessions that involved directed and nondirected situations. Evaluation included a multiple baseline design across skills during the skill-teaching phase and a multiple baseline design across families for the family conference phase. Although the procedures of the skill-teaching phase resulted in parent-adolescent dyads learning to use the skills in the teaching setting, competent use of the skills in the home was not observed until the family conference phase was implemented. These results suggest the importance of home-based intervention if changes are to be obtained at home.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

United Hospitals makes flex fly.

How can an employer convince an employee who may have to spend $20-120 a month for benefits (previously paid by the employer) that the expenditure makes sense? United Hospitals confronted the issue head-on when it began its flex benefits program. The company made flex work by involving managers in planning and developing an extensive communication program.

Community Participation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using sign language with tracheotomized infants and children.

Children's ability to communicate with others is important for cognitive development. However, the number of infants and young children deprived of vocalization (aphonia) is increasing in the pediatric patient population due to tracheotomy. The Communication Program for Infants and Parents (CPIP) uses sign language as an alternative system to verbal communication.

Aphonia↗

PubMed1988

Communication of adults with learning disabilities: self and others' perceptions.

This study investigated perceptions of the communication performance of 31 young adults with severe learning disabilities enrolled in a vocational-education program. Communication assessment questionnaires, designed to rate communication skills of these students, were completed by the students themselves and vocational educators. These questionnaires included items in the areas of comprehension, verbal expression, social communication, and problem solving. Overall, the students' perceptions of their own communication performance were remarkably similar to those of the vocational educators. However, students perceived their communicative performance as less problematic than did others. Of the four areas pertinent to communication, students and vocational educators perceived problem solving as most difficult. Implications of these findings are discussed with reference to the development of assessment procedures for adults with learning disabilities.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Creating a message for profit.

Advertising and marketing a medical group pose many problems and require detailed planning--but are well worth it. A medical group and an advertising agency chronicle their experience in forming a broad print communications program for the group, including the importance of knowing the target, setting a budget, and following up the program with market research.

Advertising↗

PubMed1985

Word-of-mouth communications in health care marketing.

Word-of-mouth (WOM) advertising can be an important communications tool, since it addresses the right target--the decision maker, contains the needed information, and occurs at the right time. An effective WOM communications program will use a marketing survey to identify decision makers and measure their degree of preference for the provider to determine which decision makers can be influenced. A survey also should be used to discover the most significant information sources. To involve those sources in a WOM communications effort requires that they be satisfied with their provider and that they be convinced the provider is the best choice for the person who has requested the recommendation. To increase the likelihood that sources will be informed about a specific provider, pamphlets or other materials can be distributed to assist them. Other forms of encouragement include patient surveys and employee bonuses. An institution's WOM program should also be consistent with its other communications efforts. Messages must be compatible with the themes of advertising and publicity campaigns.

Advertising↗

PubMed2003

Workplace threats to health and job turnover among women workers.

Is job turnover related to concern about workplace health risks? Using data from a national sample of working women, we examined the relationships among workplace risk communications, worker concerns about workplace threats from hazardous substances, indoor air quality, and job change. Eight percent reported changing a job as a result of concern over workplace threats to health. Previous workplace injury predicted concern about hazardous materials and indoor air quality as well as job change, but employer communication about workplace health risks was associated with less job change and less concern about indoor air quality. Women worry about workplace threats to their health enough to change their jobs, but employers may have the power to cut turnover costs and reduce disruption to workers' lives through the use of risk communication programs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acquiring language through total communication.

Total communication provides an opportunity for very young children to receive training through both visual and auditory systems. Most children with severe hearing loss have auditory discrimination/perceptual problems in addition to a loss of hearing sensitivity. Because sophisticated assessment of auditory perceptual problems is not yet possible in hearing impaired infants, total communication provides immediate and consistent language input regardless of eventual determination of auditory perceptual skills. An illustration of a total communication program is provided.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1997

Office ergonomics programs. A case study of North American corporations.

Subject matter experts from 13 North American corporations provided detailed descriptions of the historical development and the current components and operations of their office ergonomics programs. Results were summarized across corporations and presented for the following programmatic topics: backgrounds of key people, initial awareness and preliminary needs assessment, program development, program implementation, program monitoring and evaluation, program components, education and training, workstation and job analysis, early identification of cases, case management, and alternate office environments. The subject matter experts also provided comments about the strengths of their programs, their advice to others, and lessons they learned. These observations suggested the need for an office ergonomics program, and possibly other occupational health programs, to fit into a corporation's culture and capitalize on its infrastructure. Most corporations used multidisciplinary task forces or teams to develop their programs. Communication, which included training, awareness, advertising, and feedback, was also an important issue. Flexibility and simplicity were important attributes of these programs. It is hoped that this descriptive information will be helpful to some occupational health managers interested in or concerned about managerial perspectives and skills related to the development and implementation of programs within their own corporations.

Ergonomics↗

PubMed1995

Putting the first audience first: conducting useful evaluation for a risk-related government agency.

The risk communication practitioner in a government agency has two essential, interdependent tasks. One is to help develop and monitor effective communication programs with various external public audiences. The other task is to do the same thing for the senior government managers whose support is a prerequisite to addressing the first audience. Hence, the second audience--the manager--is really the first. This paper addresses ways in which communication practitioners can satisfy this crucial audience. A profile of these managers suggests that they would find it highly beneficial to have more control over the public problems they encounter, especially in view of the growing pressures to do more with less and demonstrate "customer satisfaction." They would rather avoid crises than manage them. And they would rather have their bosses praise their successes than challenge their budgets or punish their perceived difficulties or failures. Communication practitioners who can help them attain such benefits will find their efforts in great demand. They would be helpful team members who provide timely insights that can make and show agency success. We offer ten ways for communication practitioners to be more useful which focus their current strengths on satisfying senior managers' needs by becoming more valuable members of the program team. By becoming more useful to the senior manager they serve both the agency and its publics.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Successful internal program builds employee morale; reduces turnover. Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC.

The Washington Hospital Center in Washington, D.C. is an example of what good can happen when a health care institution commits to developing a first-class internal communications program. The hospital center created a program that includes one-on-one dialogue between supervisors and staff, "town hall meetings, newsletters, memos, intranet, employee recognition and special events." The program builds employee morale and reduces turnover. It also has increased the quality of care and attention that patients receive.

District of Columbia↗

PubMed1977

A program for enhancing medical interviewing using video-tape feedback in the family practice residency.

In an effort to enhance the medical interviewing skills of family practice residents in the clinical setting, the Minnesota Communication Program was developed. The Program, which uses video-tape feedback as the primary teaching method, stresses the integration of biological and psychosocial data as well as the establishment of a therapeutic relationship. A description of the Program including goals, teaching strategies, and guidelines for implementing video-tape feedback is presented. The Medical Interview Skills Checklist (MISC) and its use as an assessment tool are described. Results of a survey eliciting residents' responses to the Program and the implications of video-tape feedback for medical education are also discussed.

Educational Measurement↗

PubMed1978

The ethics of health education as public health policy.

The concept of voluntariness is central to an understanding of ethical considerations in two aspects of public health education practice: (1) the selection of appropriate interventions, and (2) the selection of appropriate targets for such interventions. The position is taken that most mass communications programs in public health education are persuasive as well as informative in intent. It is argued that the impact of such programs on voluntariness can be analyzed with regard to the rationality and resistibility of the persuasive appeals involved. Considerations of justice, as well as voluntariness and liberty, are reviewed in the discussion of appropriate targets for intervention. The issue of victim-blaming in public health education is explored, and conditions under which behavioral public health programs may be morally justifiable are suggested.

Choice Behavior↗

PubMed2005

Preparing for an influenza pandemic: ethical issues.

In the near future, experts predict, an influenza pandemic will likely spread throughout the world. Many countries have been creating a contingency plan in order to mitigate the severe health and social consequences of such an event. Examination of the pandemic plans of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, from an ethical perspective, raises several concerns. One: scarcity of human and material resources is assumed to be severe. Plans focus on prioritization but do not identify resources that would be optimally required to reduce deaths and other serious consequences. Hence, these plans do not facilitate a truly informed choice at the political level where decisions have to be made on how much to invest now in order to reduce scarcity when a pandemic occurs. Two: mass vaccination is considered to be the most important instrument for reducing the impact of infection, yet pandemic plans do not provide concrete estimates of the benefits and burdens of vaccination to assure everyone that the balance is highly favorable. Three: pandemic plans make extraordinary demands on health care workers, yet professional organizations and unions may not have been involved in the plans' formulation and they have not been assured that authorities will aim to protect and support health care workers in a way that corresponds to the demands made on them. Four: all sectors of society and all individuals will be affected by a pandemic and everyone's collaboration will be required. Yet, it appears that the various populations have been inadequately informed by occasional media reports. Hence, it is essential that plans are developed and communication programs implemented that will not only inform but also create an atmosphere of mutual trust and solidarity; qualities that at the time of a pandemic will be much needed.

Canada↗

PubMed2000

Community Participation in Nutrition Communication: Models and Linkage Systems for Management.

New models of community participation, nutrition communication, and management linkages have been proposed. Changes in the health care sector have forced a major restructuring of facilities and a shifting of focus from traditional institution-based health care to a more community-based delivery of services, and from treatment to health promotion and disease prevention. These changes have also led to a redefinition of community clients and a review of the social processes whereby community members can participate actively in their health care. Challenges for health and nutrition professionals are to create manageable environments for meaningful dialogues, and to communicate action-oriented nutrition messages that reflect the community's values and realities. Some theories on learning and behaviour change can be applied to and aid in nutrition communication. At the same time, facilitators of and barriers to community participation in nutrition communication programs must be identified and addressed. In addition, during this time of health care transition, dietitians and nutritionists must position themselves as leaders in health and nutrition communication so that the community will act on their messages. Partnerships or linkages between organizations at the local, national, and international levels can assist in the effective delivery of nutrition information.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1995

Maternal health care focus in Bolivian campaign.

Maternal health care is one of the focuses of Bolivia's new reproductive health campaign. The campaign, which uses television, radio and print media to get its message across, has the slogan "Your health is in your hands." Prenatal and postnatal care, as well as safe delivery, form one of the campaign's target areas. Others are family planning, breast-feeding, and the prevention of illegal abortions. The Bolivian campaign, which has a logo showing a child's tiny hand grasping a parent's finger, is supported by the Population Communication Services project of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, US. Bolivia has the highest maternal mortality in the western hemisphere. "The need to create an awareness of reproductive health is vital, with the risk of a Bolivian woman dying during pregnancy or childbirth 60 times that for a woman in Europe or the US," according to Dr. Phyllis Piotrow, director of Johns Hopkins' Center for Communication Programs. Further, Bolivia has the second highest infant mortality rate in the western hemisphere after Haiti.

Advertising↗

PubMed1994

Taking the direct route.

Direct marketing holds much potential for the health care industry, but little has been written about hospitals' use of DM techniques. The authors discuss the distinct characteristics of direct marketing, report findings from an exploratory study of how U.S. hospitals have incorporated DM into their communication programs, and construct a profile of high and low users.

Advertising↗