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PURPOSE: The new RECIST criteria for evaluation of tumor response to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were proposed in 1999. We compared RECIST with the WHO criteria and also compared both methods with the histological findings, to evaluate RECIST. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 32 primary lung cancer patients operated on after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Two radiologists measured the diameter of the tumors and compared the RECIST and WHO criteria using the McNemar test. We also compared both criteria with the histological results. RESULTS: Using RECIST, partial response (PR) was assessed in 12 cases, stable disease (SD) in 18, and progressive disease (PD) in 2. With the WHO criteria, PR was seen in 15, no change (NC) in 15, and PD in 2. The two evaluations corresponded in 29 of 32 cases, and the p-value was 0.2500. Ef.1b-2 (good histological effect) was much higher in PR, and to evaluate the size of the tumors was useful, although more than half of SD was Ef.1b-2. CONCLUSION: RECIST criteria corresponded almost perfectly with the WHO criteria, suggesting that RECIST is accurate and useful.
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Glycohaemoglobins were first used in routine clinical laboratories for diabetes monitoring around 1977 and at the time all methods had either no calibrators, or used material with assayed values derived from individual manufacturers' assays. Over the next five to fifteen years, lyophilised and whole blood sample exchanges were shown to improve inter-laboratory variability markedly. The use of a precise HPLC method as the "standard method" in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) led to significant further improvement. National standardisation schemes in the mid to late 1990s in the USA, Japan and Sweden further improved the quality and accuracy of HbA1c assays in clinical use. The work of the IFCC Working Group on Standardisation of HbA1c in establishing true International Reference Methods for HbA1c and the successful preparation of pure HbA1c calibration material should lead to further improvements in inter-method and inter-laboratory variability, essential to the long-term monitoring of patients with diabetes.
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The N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) test has been used in studies in which populations at high risk of cancer have been compared with equivalent populations at lower risk, to examine whether the geographical variation in cancer risk correlates with propensity for endogenous nitrosation, as assessed by the NPRO test. The usual method employed has been to determine NPRO in 12- or 24-h urine samples, after ingestion of L-proline, in a representative sample of the general population. We present results from one such geographical study conducted in two regions of Italy (Florence and Cagliari) with an approximately three-fold variation in gastric cancer mortality. The nonsignificant difference in mean NPRO excretion between the two populations was insufficient to explain the difference in cancer risk. The fact that there are appreciable international differences in formation of NPRO suggests, firstly, that nitrosation may be of relevance to cancer risk in some countries but not in others and, secondly, that variations within one country may not be large enough for significant geographical differences to be evident. Multivariate analysis of individual, rather than grouped, results from our Italian study made it possible to quantify the relevance of different factors to NPRO formation: a major factor is exposure to nitrate. Important relationships may be missed by analysing only grouped data.
The influence of weathering and cosmetic treatment on the analysis of human hair-carboxymethylated protein has been studied by a 15% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Usual cosmetic treatment, i.e., permanent waving, dyeing, and bleaching, and weathering, i.e., hair samples that had been buried for up to 2 years, did not evidence any significant change in their electrophoretic patterns, though weathering for 2.5 years or longer made it difficult to determine the electrophoretic patterns. Capillary gel disc electrophoresis of a single, 5 cm, hair strand, which previously had been subjected to ABO blood group determination by an absorption-elution test, was sufficient to provide a multiple protein pattern analysis. Successful use of this analysis in a forensic case is described.
The effectivity of Partusisten or ethanol long term respectively short term tocolysis by combination of a retrospective and a prospective-randomised study has been compared. Long term tocolysis was better than short term tocolysis. Partusisten was more effective than ethanol. Partusisten long term tocolysis was different to other forms or treatment with a high significance. 70% of newborns after Partusisten long term tocolysis had a birth weight of 2500 g or more.