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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Prostaglandin D2 generation by rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with Datura stramonium agglutinin and its inhibition by haptenic sugar and wheat germ agglutinin.

The production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) by rat peritoneal mast cells incubated with N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) oligomer-specific Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) for 10 min in the presence of 0.3 mM Ca2+ was examined. Previously, our group reported that the incubation of rat mast cells with DSA (5 - 100 microg/ml) under similar conditions resulted in a calcium influx and histamine release via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein pathway of the mast cells, and the histamine release was inhibited by haptenic sugar chitooligosaccharides or GlcNAc-specific lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) (K. Matsuda et al., Jpn J Pharmacol 66, 195 - 204 (1994)). DSA (5 - 100 microg/ml) dose-dependently stimulated the mast cells to generate PGD2. Chitooligosaccharides (1% w/v) and WGA (100 microg/ml) inhibited the production of PGD2 induced by 100 microg/ml of DSA, suggesting that the effect of DSA is sugar-specific. A prostaglandin G/H synthase inhibitor NS-398 (N-[cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl] methanesulfonamide) (10 microM) inhibited the formation of PGD2 induced by DSA (20 microg/ml). These results suggest that the binding of DSA to the corresponding sugar residues on the mast cell surface mediates the signaling of the prostaglandin G/H synthase pathway.

Acetylglucosamine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alkaloid spectrum in diploid and tetraploid hairy root cultures of Datura stramonium.

Hairy root cultures were obtained from diploid and induced tetraploid plants of Datura stramonium and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Twenty alkaloids (19 for diploid and 9 for tetraploid hairy root cultures) were identified. A new tropane ester 3-tigloyloxy-6-propionyloxy-7-hydroxytropane was identified on the basis of mass spectral data. Hyoscyamine was the main alkaloid in both diploid and tetraploid cultures. In contrast to diploid hairy roots, the percentage contributions of the alkaloids, with exceptions for hyoscyamine and apoatropine, were higher in the total alkaloid mixture of tetraploid hairy roots.

Alkaloids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alkaloids of Datura ceratocaula.

Thirty-six alkaloids were identified in the organs of Datura ceratocaula by GC/MS. Thirty-three of them have not been previously reported for the species. Furthermore, a new tropane ester was tentatively identified as 3-(3'-formyloxytropoyloxy)tropane on basis of its mass spectral fragmentation. Hyoscyamine was the main alkaloid in the plant organs.

Alkaloids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of tropane alkaloid spectra between Datura innoxia grown in Egypt and Bulgaria.

The alkaloid spectra of Datura innoxia plants grown in Egypt and Bulgaria were investigated by GC-MS. Thirty-eight alkaloids were detected in the roots, leaves and fruits of the plants. Five new alkaloids for D. innoxia are reported. Alkaloid spectra of Egyptian and Bulgarian plants differ significantly in respect to their alkaloid composition and main alkaloids accumulated in the plant organs.

Alkaloids↗

PubMed1985

Datura poisoning--the Angel's Trumpet.

A group of seven ate flowers of Datura arborea ("The Angel's Trumpet" or "Trumpet Lilies") and suffered severe hallucinations. One member of the group drowned in shallow water while suffering from these effects. Although poisoning with related species is common, poisoning with this plant is rare, perhaps due to its terrifying rather than pleasurable hallucinogenic effect.

Datura stramonium↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Phytochemical and microscopic evaluation of cultivated Datura innoxia miller.

Using a sensitive analytical method, the total alkaloid content of Datura innoxia cultivated in Ibadan is reported at different stages of growth. Furthermore, the total hyoscine content of D. inoxia has been shown to peak during the harmattan season and to be at its lowest in the rainy season in Ibadan. The diagnostic microscopic features of this little studied species is also described.

Agriculture↗

PubMed1999

Datura stramonium poisonings in humans.

Datura stramonium is a hallucinogenic plant which causes serious poisoning. Clinical symptoms are those of atropinic intoxication with psychiatric manifestations of dryness of mouth, mydriasis, tachycardia and hallucinations. Diagnosis is essentially clinical. Treatment is symptomatic and suppurative; prognosis is usually favorable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Datura stramonium poisoning].

Datura stramonium is a hallucinogenic plant, widely distributed and easily accessible, which contains toxic anticholinergic alkaloids. Voluntary or accidental ingestion can produce serious illness or death. The clinical presentation is similar to that seen in cases of atropine poisoning. Signs and symptoms such as mydriasis, tachycardia, arrhythmias, agitation, seizures and coma can appear. Diagnosis is clinical and early treatment should be given, including gastrointestinal decontamination, supportive care and physostigmine in life-threatening cases. Prognosis is usually favorable.

Child↗

PubMed1999

[Effect of space flight on ultrastructure in medicinal plant Datura innoxia Mill].

OBJECTIVE: To substantiate the effect of space environment on medicinal plants. METHOD: The seeds of Datura innoxia were set up in retrievable satellites. After returning to earth, the ultrastructural changes were observed by means of electron microscope. RESULTS: In cells of weightless group and hit group, some changes were found in chloroplast grana, starch grains and vesicles in chloroplasts. No obvious changes were observed in nuclei. CONCLUSION: Space environment has some effect on the ultrastructure in D. innoxia, and chloroplast is more sensitive to space environment than other organs.

Chloroplasts↗

PubMed1999

Pathological alterations in the ovaries of Culex pipiens induced by fixed oil extracts from Thevetia peruvine, Datura stramonium and Acacia sp.

The fixed oil extracts from Thevetia peruvine, Datura stramonium and Acacia sp. were tested on Culex pipiens larvae. The estimated sublethal concentrations (LC50) were used in the present studies. The reproductive potential of females and the histochemistry of their ovaries were determined. The results indicated that oil treatments of larvae caused drastic changes in reproduction potential of female mosquitoes including the ovarian development in the first gonotrophic cycle, fecundity and fertility of treated females. Histological and histochemical studies revealed clear changes in the oocytes of females derived from treated larvae. Treatment with the oils reduced the vitellogenesis, synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, lipid contents and DNA and RNA materials. The reproduction was always significant and may reflect the shortage in reproductive potential, the state of being disturbed. Generally, these fixed oils merit further investigations as a potential suppressant of Culex pipiens because their abilities to kill the early stages, inhibit growth and development of ovaries and reduce the reproductive potential of adult females. The three oils have variable activities but they are similar in their mode and site of actions.

Acacia↗

PubMed2004

A novel antifungal pyrrole derivative from Datura metel leaves.

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Datura metel Linn. led to the isolation of a new pyrrole derivative 1 which was characterised as 2beta-(3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1'-methylethyl pentanoate on the basis of spectral data analyses and chemical reactions. Compound 1 was endowed with antifungal activity and its MIC was found to be 87.5 microg/ml. Two proteins having molecular weights of 42 and 58 kD of Aspergillus fumigatus are potential targets for compound 1.

Antifungal Agents↗

PubMed2004

Acute anticholinergic syndrome due to Datura innoxia Miller mixed with lime tea leaves.

Anticholinergic plants contain a variety of alkaloids and have been used for herbal medications. We present a case of acute anticholinergic syndrome from ingestion of lime tea accidentaly mixed with Datura innoxia Miller. Its intoxication should be suspected in patients presenting with altered mental status, agitation and hallucinations and with other anticholinergic symptoms and signs. Toxicities of herbal medicine should always be considered and queried when a patient presents with unusual systemic symptoms.

Beverages↗

PubMed2004

Population variation in the cost and benefit of tolerance and resistance against herbivory in Datura stramonium.

In this study we examine the hypothesis that divergent natural selection produces genetic differentiation among populations in plant defensive strategies (tolerance and resistance) generating adaptive variation in defensive traits against herbivory. Controlled genetic material (paternal half-sib families) from two populations of the annual Datura stramonium genetically differentiated in tolerance and resistance to herbivory were used. This set of paternal half-sib families was planted at both sites of origin and the pattern of genotypic selection acting on tolerance and resistance was determined, as well as the presence and variation in the magnitude of allocational costs of tolerance. Selection analyses support the adaptive differentiation hypothesis. Tolerance was favored at the site with higher average level of tolerance, and resistance was favored at the site with higher average level of resistance. The presence of significant environmentally dependent costs of tolerance was in agreement with site variation in the adaptive value of tolerance. Our results support the expectation that environmentally dependent costs of plant defensive strategies can generate differences among populations in the evolutionary trajectory of defensive traits and promote the existence of a selection mosaic. The pattern of contrasting selection on tolerance suggests that, in some populations of D. stramonium, tolerance may alter the strength of reciprocal coevolution between plant resistance and natural enemies.

Adaptation, Biological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional properties of prosomal protein 39 kappaDa from Datura stramonium leaves infected with Potato Virus X].

Free cytoplasmic informosomes isolated from Datura stramonium plants infected by PVX contain a low-molecular ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). This complex as to its main physico-chemical parameters (sedimentation coefficient 10S, buoyant density in CsSO4 1.31 g/cm3, stability to 1% lauroylsarcosinate-Na) corresponds to the prosome (inhibitory RNP). Prosomes isolated from free mRNP of D. stramonium plants infected by PVX contain the protein of 39 kDa. This protein was shown to be capable to phosphorylate in vitro in the composition of informosomes and prosomes. It is possible that this protein can be the protein-repressor, since it is absent in the translated polysome-associated form of mRNP. The label incorporation has shown that the protein of 39 kDa is able to reduce in vitro the template activity of genomic RNA PVX to 40% and RNA TMIV--to 30%. Moreover, the protein 39 of kDa has the protease activity. It affects substrate-case in like trypsin. It is supposed that it can participate in splitting the intracellular proteins as well as in the expression of the virus genome, it can also influence the template activity of cell RNAs.

Datura stramonium↗

PubMed2006

[Determination of scopolamine and atropine in Flos Daturae by RP-HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a quantitative analytical procedure of scopolamine and atropine in Flos Daturae using RP-HPLC. METHOD: The two alkaloids were separated on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase of 0.02 mol x L(-1) sodium acetate buffer (containing 0.02% triethanolamine and the pH was adjusted to 6.0 with acetic acid)-methanol (60:40) and a detection wavelength of 215 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was maintained at room temperature. RESULT: The mean recovery was (99.6 +/- 1.8)% for scopolamine and (100.4 +/- 1.5)% for atropine. CONCLUSION: This method was simple, accurate and sensitive.

Atropine↗

PubMed2006

Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling.

Monitoring of changes in some blood laboratory parameters in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling, heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. For a 7-day period the following parameters were monitored: haemoglobin content (HGB), red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential white cell counts (DWC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), blood glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), globulin (Glob) and albumin (Alb). The intoxication was accompanied by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, regenerative left shift neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia, increased haematocrit values, low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperglycaemia, bilirubinaemia, hypoproteinaemia and increased activity of AST and LDH. No changes occurred in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), albumin, globulin and globulin fractions (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 and gamma). The blood parameters returned to normal between post-intoxication days 2 and 5. The observed changes in clinical chemistry indices could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Jimson weed intoxication.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

PEG-induced fusion of phosphatidylcholine-liposomes with protoplasts and post-fusion evaluation of plating efficiency and enrichment in plasmamembrane phosphatidylcholine of protoplasts in Datura innoxia Mill.

Liposomes entrapping fluorescein diacetate were fused with protoplasts of Datura innoxia Mill by employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the fusogen. Factors that influence liposome-protoplast fusion were optimized as a function of PEG-concentration and incubation duration, liposome composition and surface charge and liposome:protoplast ratio. Phosphatidylcholine-liposomes were found ideal for the objectives of the study. Fusion index based on per cent fluorescing protoplasts varied among the protoplast types. PEG-incubation duration in the fusion assay and growth ability of protoplasts to form microcalli subsequent to liposome-protoplast fusion was determined based on protoplast plating-efficiency. Plating efficiency of post-fusion protoplasts increased due to incorporation of liposome-phosphatidylcholine in the plasmamembrane of protoplasts. Results are discussed in relation to the application of liposome-protoplast fusion system in selective modification of plasmamembrane phospholipids of protoplasts.

Cell Membrane↗

PubMed1980

[Acute atropinic syndrome caused by abuse of anti-asthmatic cigarettes (Datura stramonium)].

Over a 3-month period four patients (3 males and 1 female) aged 17 to 23 were admitted to an emergency unit with an acute anticholinergic syndrome. All of them had ingested aniasthmatic cigarettes containing Datura stramonium leaves for psychedelic purposes. The clinical features were characterized by striking peripheral signs of anticholinergic inhibition associated with central nervous system manifestations such with central state, hallucinations and abnormal behaviour. One patient had to be treated with physostigmine salicylate. The other three received supportive care only. The central and peripheral symptomatology subsided gradually over 12-48 hours. All four patients had more or less extensive amnesia regarding the acute toxic phase. Based on these observations, the possible causes, differential diagnosis and treatment of acute atropinic intoxication are reviewed. The discussion also considers the problem of abuse of "over-the-counter" atropine containing preparations.

Adolescent↗