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PubMed1980

Temporary restorations: advantages and disadvantages.

The reaction of tissue to temporary restorations was studied in four young dogs and four young monkeys. A total of 56 cavities were prepared and filled with gutta percha, self-curing acrylic resin, or zinc oxide and eugenol cement. Attempts were made to finish the preparations at the deepest point of the existing clinical pocket, which invariably was found to coincide with the cemento-enamel junction. All the animals had the teeth on the left side brushed every day. The observation periods varied between 13 and 283 days. Immediately before the animals were killed by an overdose of Nembutal, the presence or absence of gingivitis was recorded. A series of sections were cut in the area of the cavity, as well as just outside it. The following observations were made: Examination of the sections from outside the cavities verified that the preparations had been made in pockets with soft walls made up of the junctional epithelium. The cavities ended shortly above the cemento-enamel junction (Figs. 3, 4, 6, and 8) or below it (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 to 11). The adaptation of the fillings was never perfect in all parts of the cavity at the same time. The pocket epithelium was regenerated within 13 days. Plaque formation first started in the open spaces between the preparation and the fillings. Subsequently, the plaque spread over the surfaces of the fillings and eventually over the tooth surface below them. The fillings invariably induced submarginal gingivitis, even in the absence of plaque. Presence of plaque exacerbated the inflammatory reaction, but the loss of attachment was limited to less than 0.2 mm as long as the plaque was confined to the fillings. Significant loss of attachment was always associated with apical growth of the subgingival plaque. The submarginal gingivitis was not manifested clinically if the fillings were brushed daily, because vigorous tooth brushing had an effect as far as 0.7 mm below the gingival margin.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1995

Some physical and biological properties of glass ionomer cement.

It has become apparent through both clinical use and laboratory experiments that the glass ionomer cements have several highly desirable properties. They show a continuing fluoride release and the ability to take up further fluoride under favourable conditions. The presence of fluoride also helps to inhibit plaque formation. The adhesion between tooth structure and cement also results in almost complete prevention of the bacterial micro-leakage. Also, the cement itself is so highly bio-compatible that it is now being used as a bone substitute and it has become apparent that there is no need to place a sub-lining under a glass ionomer restoration. Recent research is leading to the development of self curing cements with enhanced physical properties so that, in the presence of the above advantages, their use in clinical dentistry is rapidly expanding. Glass ionomer cements are of great value for any restoration which is not under undue occlusal stress and they work well also as a long term temporary restoration in the presence of a high caries rate, where zinc oxide and eugenol used to be the material of choice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Expanding the application of facial ceramic veneers.

"Full veneers," restorations similar in depth to ceramic veneers but extending over the lingual or occlusal surface as well as the facial surface, are a conservative option to conventional crowns. They have been used successfully at the UCLA Center for Esthetic Dentistry for three years. Indications, technique and a patient study are presented.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Achieving interdental integrity in resin-bonded posterior ceramic restorations.

Increased physical strength of ceramic materials and increased bond strength now make it feasible to use these materials in the posterior area, and these restorations are aesthetic to the point of being virtually indistinguishable from natural teeth. These restorations are more technique-sensitive, and the restrictive anatomical proximities present an additional challenge, requiring meticulous attention to preparation, impression, temporization, fabrication, and cementation procedures. The health of the tissues investing and supporting the teeth has long been accepted as essential. The learning objective of this article is to share the knowledge gained in clinical experience with other clinicians.

Dental Marginal Adaptation↗
PubMed1993

The In-Ceram metal free ceramic system for fixed prosthodontics.

The recent return of interest to Porcelain Jacket Crowns has been accompanied by the development of improved ceramic systems for their fabrication. One such system, In-Ceram, uses an interesting variation of the aluminous porcelain (Vitadur Alpha). It is important to realise the requirements for tooth preparation so that long lasting restorations may be produced. This article endeavours to present a method for preparation which is both efficient clinically and satisfies the physical requirements for this type of metal-free ceramic procedure.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1996

Dual application of dentin bonding agents: effect on bond strength.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a dual application of dentin bonding agents (DBA) on their shear bond strength on dentin with intermediate application of a provisional cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly prepared flat dentin surfaces of human teeth were coated with a first layer of one of various dentin bonding agents (All-Bond 2, ART Bond, Syntac or an experimental DBA called P-Bond). After curing the DBA, a provisional cement (Temp Bond, Freegenol or Fermit, a soft provisional diacrylate) was applied to the bonded dentin surface. After 24 hours, the provisional cement was removed and the dentin surface scrubbed with pumice. A second application of the same DBA together with a composite cylinder followed. After curing and 1,500 thermal cycles with constant imitation of intrapulpal pressure, shear bond strengths were measured. RESULTS: Compared to a single application of dentin bonding agents following Temp Bond treatment (SBS in MPa: Syntac: 0.86 +/- 1.75, ART Bond: 0.26 +/- 0.47, P-Bond: 14.90 +/- 4.51) application of DBAs prior to use of Temp Bond as well as after its removal seems to be very beneficial to shear bond strength values (SBS in MPa: Syntac:13.36 +/- 4.70, ART Bond: 16.34 +/- 5.02, P-Bond: 19.04 +/- 2.01). Independent from the provisional cement, the values after serial application of P-Bond provided consistently high bond values which were not statistically different (Kruskal-Wallis, P > 0.05) from values of P-Bond on fresh dentin (18.19 +/- 2.29 MPa). The only exception from these findings in the present study was All-Bond 2. Regardless of the provisional materials used, the bond strength values of All-Bond 2 remained low (maximum SBS with Fermit as intermediate provisional cement: 4.63 +/- 2.91 MPa).

Cementation↗
PubMed1996

[Dental treatment under general anesthesia offered at the Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Puerto Rico during the years 1989-1994].

One hundred and fourteen mentally retarded (MR) and non-mentally retarded (NMR) patients were divided into two groups and categorized according to the condition presented. Age, sex, and type of procedure performed were recorded for each patient. On the MR group 32% were over 17 years of age. On the NMR group 51% were under 6 years of age. The sex distribution was similar in both groups. Exodontia was the most frequently performed dental procedure. The MR group was composed of those who presented only mental retardation (42%), cerebral palsy (17%), epilepsy (15%), syndromes (7%), endocrinopathies (7%), hydrocephalus (5%) and other conditions (7%). The NMR group was composed of those who presented cardiopathy (7%), bottle syndrome (42%), hemotopathy (11%), maxillofacial disorders (24%) and other conditions (16%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Tinted luting resin for partial-coverage restorations: a case report of a new provisionalization technique.

A number of practical problems may be encountered when a dentist attempts to provisionalize an indirect restoration. Problems that relate to provisional restorations for conservative, less retentive, ceramic cavity forms are discussed. A provisionalization technique that improves marginal integrity, assures predictable retention, and facilitates cleanup following detachment is introduced.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restorative dental services and Manitoba dental hygienists.

The purpose of this paper was to discover the attitudes and level of restorative dental services provided by dental hygienists in Manitoba. Part one included six confidential interviews; three with dentists who had dental hygienists providing restorative dental services in their offices on some basis, and three with dentists who had dental hygienists practising in their traditional periodontal roles only. The second part was a survey designed to determine how many dental hygienists provide restorative dental services and what are their attitudes towards these services. Also investigated was the attitude of those dental hygienists who do not provide these services. Surveys were mailed to two hundred randomly selected, licensed, Manitoba dental hygienists, including a survey for their employing dentists. Confidential interviews were structured from the formatted survey which had yet to be distributed to the participants. The dental hygiene surveys were statistically analyzed for demographics and types of restorative dental services provided. Open-ended questions in the survey were categorized and tabulated. There was a fifty percent completed survey response rate from dental hygienists. Fifty-two dentists completed the survey. Thirty-nine percent of the surveyed dental hygienists never provide restorative dental services, while ten percent provide restorative dental services on a daily basis. From the dentists surveyed fifty-six percent of respondents had at some point worked in a practice where a dental hygienist provided restorative dental services. In conclusion, the authors determined that there is greater utilization of restorative services provided by dental hygienists than perceived. Also, most dental hygienists felt that their knowledge of dental materials and restorative skills enhanced their overall client care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗