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PubMed2005

[Oral fluid nitrate reductase complex activity in teenagers dependent on oral hygiene level and DMFT-index].

This research is directed to determine the influence of carious process at the stage of forming of constant occlusion on nitratereductase complex activity in the oral liquid. The correlation between of nitratereductase complex activity and DMF index, as well as the sex and the age of children with variable and constant occlusions was discovered. It is possible to estimate objectively a condition of a oral cavity due to nitratereductase complex activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors in children at day care centers].

UNLABELLED: Currently dental caries is regarded as a public health problem throughout world. Ninety percent of the Latin American population suffers from caries. In Mexico, a research informs of a prevalence of 78% in 5-year-old children from the Southern of the Federal District, while the nearby State of Mexico reports 90% in children the same age that suffers from this same problem. OBJECTIVE: Identifying the prevalence of dental caries, dmf-t and dmf-s indexes, and the relation ship with associated factors in daycare centers of the # 3 Southwest Delegation of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). A total of 934 children from ages 1 to 6 years of age from October 1997 to May 1998, were studied; 52.3% were boys and 47.7%, girls. The presence of caries was examined and determined through WHO criteria. Socioeconomic level was identified the parents questionnaire. Prevalence of caries in the population studied was 22.1%; we also found a decayed, missing, filled-teeth index (dmf-t) for the whole population of 0.71. The average of this index was 3.71.

Child↗
PubMed1998

The decline of caries in New Zealand over the past 40 years.

In New Zealand, as elsewhere, caries prevalence has declined since the 1950s; this has been accompanied by a change in the intra-oral pattern of the disease. This is illustrated by analysis of data for 12-year-old children. However, because treatment services for children in New Zealand are so comprehensive, the DMF index is primarily a count of restorations placed. This treatment overlay can distort the true caries prevalence and has been a confounding factor in assessment of the change in caries over time. Measurement of the fine gradations of ongoing change in the present low-caries-prevalence population requires the use of a more sensitive indicator than the DMF indices. When the timing of various forms of fluoride supplementation is correlated with the decline in caries, the decline continues beyond the time of maximum population coverage with fluoridated water and fluoridated toothpaste. Thus an explanation of the convergance of caries prevalence in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas since the 1970s may require a re-assessment of the fluoride effect. This convergence, and the overall decline during the last decade without known additional fluoride supplementation, suggest that factors other than fluoride, such as food additives and antibiotics, may have contributed.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Prevalence of dental caries in adolescents wearing the Alexander-type fixed orthodontic device].

In the present study for an investigation regarding the oral caries in 1179 adolescents, wearing the Alexander fixed braces, aged 14.3 (+/- 1.8 years), were investigated for the DMF index. 80% of the examined children were living in the capital (Budapest) and the rest were from the countryside. All of them were treated at the Heim Pál Children's Hospital. Their orthodontic treatment was supported by the state health insurance. Out of all examined subjects 46% was recorded as caries-free and the remaining 54% showed the following distribution pattern: DMF = 1 was 16%, DMF = 2 was 14%, DMF = 3 was 7% and DMF3 < was 17%. The results do not support a judgment of 'poor level' of oral hygiene in children wearing the Alexander appliance, on the contrary, the outcome suggest an acceptable level of oral hygiene as well as educated oral- and dental attitude in adolescents treated with malocclusions, which are mostly regarded as a risk factor for caries inductive dental plaque formation. The results also indicates that the claim for orthodontic treatment might have had a positive effect on caries prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Infantile reflexes and their effects on dental caries and oral hygiene in cerebral palsy individuals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathological primitive reflexes and their effects on dental caries and oral hygiene in cerebral-palsied individuals. A group of 124 non-institutionalized patients (57 males) attending Lar Escola Sao Francisco Rehabilitation Center, who had a medical diagnosis of spastic CP (age range 3-17 years, mean+/-s.d.=8.6+/-4.3) were selected for dental clinical evaluation according to WHO (Oral health surveys: basic methods, WHO, Geneva, 1997) and oral hygiene using the oral hygiene index proposed by Greene and Vermillion (J Am Dent Assoc, 1964, 68, 7). The presence/absence of the pathological primitive oral reflexes of rooting, suckle-swallow, biting and gagging was evaluated by observing patients' reaction after a stimulus. Results were statistically analysed by Fisher's exact, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A significantly higher percentage of the biting reflex in patients with quadriplegia was observed, and also the absence of this reflex in patients with hemiplegia (P=0.006). Patients with hemiplegia presented significantly lower DMF index values. Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistical difference (P=0.335; 0.677; 0.202) for OHI-S among the quadriplegia, diplegia and hemiplegia for all dentitions. Our data suggest that the more severe the neurological damage is, the more frequent is the presence of the biting reflex and consequently, the higher is the risk of oral diseases in this population due to the difficulty to perform an adequate oral hygiene.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence of dental caries and associated teeth cleaning habits among children in four primary schools.

A study was conducted in four primary schools of Mehrauli block of rural Delhi. Four hundred and fifty eight primary school children of both sexes in the age group of 5-14+ were medically examined in daylight using a mouth mirror and probe. The children came from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Presence of clinical caries was recorded by naked eye examination. Dental caries prevalence was 33.19% and DMF index was 0.52. Teeth cleaning habits of the school children in terms of regularity and associated caries prevalence was also noted. The 'Regular' teeth cleaning group showed significantly less caries prevalence while 'Not Regular' and 'Never Cleaning' groups had higher caries prevalence. Since childhood is such an impressionable age all students were made aware of the need for proper oral hygiene to minimize the incidence of caries among them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Association between serum albumin and root caries in community-dwelling older adults.

Recently, associations between dental diseases and the general health condition have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by serum albumin concentrations, the relationship between the general health condition and root caries. We randomly selected 763 individuals (600 70-year-olds and 163 80-year-olds) living in Niigata City, Japan. The variables body composition, blood measurements, daily nutrient intakes, and root caries were measured. The relationship between root caries and serum albumin concentration was evaluated. The differences in serum albumin concentrations between subjects with untreated root caries (DT = 0 and DT > 3) were 75.56 mg/dL in 70-year-olds and 202.97 mg/dL in 80-year-olds (p < 0.05, ANOVA). The findings of the present study indicated that a relationship between root caries and serum albumin concentration in these elderly subjects is highly possible.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Milk fluoridization efficacy in a controlled study and dental caries experience dynamics in conditions of wide availability of local F-containing means].

Cross-over, controlled, randomized and triple-blind study of F-milk efficacy and monitoring of F excretion with urine under conditions of wide availability of fluoride containing toothpastes was performed in Voronezh during last 10 years. F-milk project increasingly covered annually from 10 to 15 thousand of pre-school children. From them 335 children (11 kindergarteners -- age 6 years) regularly consuming F-milk during 3 years and 175 children (6 kindergarteners -- age 6 years) of the control group were examined. Statistics of the received data with 2 tail t-test has shown that between dmf (1.59+/-1.82) in children consuming F-milk and dmf (2.58+/-2.67) in children of the control group there is significant difference (p<0.001) with 96% of the statistical power. When implementing F-milk for 10 years running there were collected and analyzed data on caries experience in children 3, 6, 9 and 12 years (2004 vs. 1994). There is considerable reduction of caries incidence in all age groups in 2004, probably due to F containing toothpastes wide use and very active hygienic education of the population in Voronezh. At the same time dmf index in 6 year old children receiving F-milk was by 39% lower than in their contemporaries from the control group. F-intake monitoring in children 3, 4, 5 and 6 years of age has shown that F-milk (daily appr. 0.2 l with the level 2.5 ppm) use is a very effective method of F-deficiency elimination, leaving out any possibility of F-overdosage exceeding its physiologic needs.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Dental caries, periodontal diseases and salivary immunoglobulins].

The authors determined in 80 adolescents (subdivided into 4 groups) the mean content of IgA, IgG and IgM in mixed saliva and brought it in relation to the average caries experience (DMF index), the inflammatory condition of the gingivae, and other parameters. The immunoglobulin content in the saliva was significantly increased in case of high caries experience as well as of severe inflammation. There was no correlation with the OHI which is only increased in case of marked gingivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Do they have to fluoridate water for public usage?].

In order to facilitate the convenience of fluorating or not the public use waters, a bibliographic review about the positive or negative aspects of this public health measure has been made. The different epidemiologic surveys about dental health conditions in our country, since 1969 till the present time, have been reviewed. From the analysis of these works, it can be deduced that the degree of caries severity index (DMF) is situated at a moderate to low level, according to the classification of the World Health Organization. The advantages, inconvenience, cost and percentage of caries reduction of the different methods to prevent dental caries are studied. It is considered positive to go on with the policy of public use waters fluoration, provided that is is based on a series of prerequisites which guarantee the highest level of effectiveness and efficiency. Among the different objective criteria to fluorate waters, the following ones stand out: a high prevalence of caries, a good system of waters out: a high prevalence of caries, a good system of waters diffusion, a natural fluor concentration lower than 0.7 grams/litre, the cost-benefit analysis, the population size. The elaboration of studies to determine the total quantity of fluorides, ingested by the population from various sources, is recommended.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1996

[Periodontal disease in patients with HIV infection. Radiographic study].

A painful and rapidly progressive form of periodontitis--involving both soft tissue and bone, with gingival bleeding and loss of teeth--was observed in HIV-patients in the mid-80's. Today, there are few reports regarding the real incidence of periodontitis in HIV populations: however, it seems not as high as first supposed on discovering the disease, and bacterial plaque is moderate, compared with "conventional" periodontitis. Since there are few radiologic studies, the Authors report on the clinical-radiographic patterns of periodontitis in 20 HIV patients, compared to 20 normal controls. All the subjects were submitted to clinical-instrumental investigations (clinical tests, periodontal sampling, DMF index), and panoramic radiography. To assess periodontal disease severity, bone pocket depth is investigated radiographically, defined as the distance between the highest point of alveolar bone and root apex, at the mesial and distal aspects of all the teeth. We measured four alveolar quadrants, from the first premolar to the second molar. Statistical analysis was carried out with one way ANOVA test and non-parametric Kruskal-Willis's test; statistical significance is accepted at the probability level p < 0.05. Clinical-radiographic results demonstrated minimal bone loss and little teeth mobility, in the early stage of disease; involvement of total gingival attachment with partial bone sequestration at muco-gingival line, in the moderate stage; severe bone loss with soft tissue necrosis and risk of teeth exfoliation, in the advanced stage. Gingival tartar was also found. A significant statistical difference was demonstrated between the two examined populations. HIV-related periodontitis may represent one of the various features of the clinical picture of HIV infection, which must not be underestimated and mistaken for "conventional" adult periodontitis. If the diagnosis of periodontic disease is essentially clinic, radiography remains nevertheless important, because it yields data on bone status, integrity of lamina dura and morphology of roots, which data help make diagnosis and prognosis more reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Caries and oral hygiene in children in postwar Novi Travnik (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Zabok (Croatia).

The study was performed in 1997 and involved school children between the age of 6 and 12 in Novi Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 203) and Zabok, Croatia (n = 132). OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index by Green-Vermillion) and DMF (Decayed, Missing, Filled) index were used as main outcome measures. Prewar data were taken from the respective literature. The value of the DMF/dmf (PERMANENT/deciduous teeth) for six-year-olds in Novi Travnik of the period before the war was: d = 5.6, m = 0.4, f= 0.6 and D = 0.3, F = 0.1 and the average DMF index of twelve-year-olds for the same period were 6.5. The DMF/dmf index in 1997 in Novi Travnik was: d = 9.4+/-4.4; m = 0.7 +/-1.1; D = 1.9+/-1.2 and average DMF index of twelve-year-olds was 9.0+/-4.16. The DMF index of twelve-year-olds in Zabok in 1990 was 3.4 and 4.1+/-2.1 in 1997. Total DMF index for all the examined ages in 1997 for Zabok was 6.1+/-3.7 and for the examinees in Novi Travnik 10.5+/-4.1 (p<0.001). Similarly, the OHI-S in 1997 for Zabok was 1.0+/-0.7 whereas 1.7+/-0.7 (p<0.001) in Novi Travnik. In comparison to prewar data, DMF index in 1997 was considerably higher. Increase of DMF index was higher in Novi Travnik than in Zabok, which can be attributed to the war and wartime conditions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiological studies in 14-16-year old pupils from schools in Lippstadt. 1. Caries occurrence and oral hygiene].

In a cross-sectional examination we received a current state of the prevalence of caries of 14-16 year old pupils, who attend different types of schools in Lippstadt, a town with a balanced social structure. An average DMF-S-Index of 14.6 (DMF-T: 7.8) was found. The particular results show a clear influence of age, sex and type of school. Comparing our results with former examinations a tendency of reduced caries-prevalence can be derived from the low annual caries-increment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical studies of the proper indication of inlay and crown therapy in lateral tooth areas].

187 students were examined an epidemiological study for their dental conditions and requirements with respect to preservation and prosthetics. The persons tested showed a DMF-T index of 11.6 and a DMF-S index of 24.2 in the lateral tooth area. In our opinion the clinical investigation revealed that the total number of caries cases will rise three-fold due to the above-average frequency of secondary caries cases as the filling size (or the number of filling surfaces) increases. The amount of single crown dentures found in the lateral tooth area with 0.1 crowns per person tested turned out to be fairly low. The actual need for a tooth-preserving therapy concept by crowning in preference to the concept of filling therapy amounts to the twelve-fold of the existing single crown dentures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Oral health state in dentistry students of Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Cracow].

The aim of the study was to analyse the oral health status of the fourth and fifth year dentistry students of Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. The data were collected using the anonymous questionnaire concerning the general health, using medications, dietary habits, smoking and drinking alcohol, present and previous oral complaints and selected health behaviour patterns (follow-up examination of oral cavity, teeth brushing and other hygienic procedures, using dental floss). The oral cavity status was estimated by clinical examination conducted with the use of artificial lighting and basic diagnostic set: dental probe and dental mirror. The data for 120 persons were analysed: 75 (62.5%) fourth year students and 45 (37.5%) fifth year students aged 21-27 years (mean age 23.2). Among the examined persons 84.2% descended from cities and 15.8% from the villages. During the medical review it was stated that among chronic diseases allergies (27.5%) were on the first position, cardio-vascular diseases (8.33%) were on the second and respiratory system diseases were on the third position. The review about smoking and drinking alcohol stated that 71.7% never smoked cigarettes, 10% gave up smoking and 18.3% were daily smokers, 81.7% of students occasionally drink alcohol, mainly beer. The dental history stated that all of examined students (100%) were subjected to teeth caries treatment, 48.7% had endodontic treatment, 38.1% extraction (mainly for orthodontic reasons), 5.9% prosthetic, 3.9% apicoectomy, 0.8% had dental implant. The estimation of oral cavity hygiene (API index) and frequency of decay (DMF index-Decayed Missing Filling) was included in the examination. The mean value of DMF was 13.56, API 22.51 in the whole examined group. The assessment of periodontal tissues was made with the support of treatment needs: 60.0% of examined persons don't need any periodontal treatment, 14.17% need to improve their oral cavity hygiene and 25.83% require the dental calculus removal. The study revealed that 39.1% suffer from temporo-mandibular arthropathies. Normal occlusion is characteristic for 45.69% of examined students, small abnormalities for 48.28 and 6.03% have advanced malocclusion. The presented results are a part of examination performed in four Polish academic centres that estimates oral health status of students of dentistry in our country.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between periodontitis and tooth decay in juvenile diabetes mellitus cases and in healthy children.

Children diagnosed as having juvenile diabetes mellitus have been compared with healthy children of the same age, with respect to decayed, filled primary teeth (df), decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth (DMF), Gingival index (GI), Periodontal index (PI), Oral hygiene index (OHI). These parameters have been evaluated according to WHO criteria. Corresponding parameters have been statistically evaluated. When experimental and control groups were compared statistically, a highly significant difference was seen between df and DMF indexes of diabetic and healthy children. In the periodontal evaluation, a significant difference was found in the gingival index, but no such significance was seen in the periodontal index. From the results of this study it can be seen that children with juvenile diabetes mellitus had less caries incidence compared with the control group. Even though gingival destruction had already started in this study group, intense periodontal damage was not observed at this particular age level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Dietary and hygienic aspects of fluoride exposure in pregnant women].

The study was undertaken to assess the exposure of pregnant women to fluoride on the basis of diet preferences and hygienic habits revealed with a questionnaire. The group included 59 women aged 22-39, living in a large urban agglomeration. Questions concerned sources of fluoride such as diet (tap water, tea, fish, poultry), use of fluoride-containing preparations for oral hygiene and substances containing fluoride for additional prophylaxis. The oral health status was clinically examined and caries intensity was assessed with the mean DMF-t index. According to the clinical examination, the mean DMF-t index was 13.64 and ranged from 1 to 23. Consumption of tap water averaged 0.73 L (max. 2.5 L), including 0.55 L (max. 2.5 L) of tea. Poultry was a regular part of the diet in only 14 of the respondents (24%) and only 3 (5%) sporadically (once a week) ate ocean fish. All the respondents used toothpaste containing fluoride, but only 15.3% applied professional prophylaxis with fluoride preparations. As far as the diet is concerned, individual differences in the intake of fluorides were significant. Interestingly, despite the declared everyday use of fluorine-containing toothpaste, the caries intensity index was rather high, suggesting the need for special dental care in this group of patients.

Adult↗