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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Reproductive performance of anovulatory anoestrous postpartum dairy cows following treatment with two progesterone and oestradiol benzoate-based protocols, with or without resynchrony.

AIMS: (a) To compare the reproductive performance of anovulatory anoestrous (AA) postpartum dairy cows following treatment with 1 of 2 progesterone (P4) and oestradiol benzoate (ODB)-based treatment regimens; (b) To determine whether resynchronisation of cows initially treated for AA would improve reproductive performance and; (c) to determine whether cows not detected in oestrus but with a corpus luteum (CL) present (NDO/CL+), treated with P4 and ODB, would conceive earlier than untreated controls. METHODS: Cows (n=1386) from 11 herds, that had not been detected in oestrus before the start of the seasonal mating period (PSM) and in which a CL was not detected were diagnosed AA, blocked by age (2 or >2 years old), then randomly assigned to be treated with an intravaginal P4-releasing device for either 6 (6-Day group) or 8 days (8-Day group). Cows in the 8-Day group were injected intramuscularly (IM) with 2 mg ODB at device insertion and all cows were injected with 1 mg ODB 24 h after device removal (Day 0). Cows detected in oestrus from Days 0-3 were subsequently assigned to be either resynchronised or left as untreated controls. Resynchronised cows had a used P4-releasing device reinserted on Day 14 for 8 days and were injected with 1 mg ODB at device reinsertion and again 24 h after device removal. NDO/CL+ cows were assigned to be either treated the same as the 8-Day group or left as untreated controls. All cows were inseminated on detection of oestrus and pregnancy tested approximately 10 weeks after the PSM and again 6-8 weeks after the end of the mating period. RESULTS: For AA cows, the 14-day submission rate was similar between 6-Day and 8-Day groups (p0.1). However, the pregnancy rate by Day 14 was higher for the 8-Day than the 6Day group (43.0% vs 35.2%; p=0.006). Resynchrony treatment decreased the 14-day pregnancy rate compared with untreated controls (35.2% vs 42.5%; p=0.026). The resynchrony treatment increased the submission rate between Days 14-28 for non-pregnant cows compared with untreated controls (80.6% vs 57.4%; p=0.049). However, conception rate to resynchronised heats was lower than for cows that returned to oestrus naturally (56.6% vs 67.9%; p=0.025). Neither initial treatment type nor resynchrony treatment increased the 28-day pregnancy rate (p>0.1). There were no differences between treatment groups in the final non-pregnant rate (4.5% vs 4.6%; p>0.1). Treated NDO/CL+ cows had a higher 14-day submission rate (88.1% vs 49.4%; p>0.001), higher 14-day and 28-day pregnancy rates (42.9% vs 20.7%, p>0.001 and; 56.0% vs 42.5%, p=0.094, respectively) and conceived earlier (21 vs 36 days from PSM to median day of conception; p>0.05), than untreated NDO/CL+ cows. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-Day, ODB-P4-ODB treatment regimen resulted in a higher pregnancy rate by 14 days but not 28 days than the 6-Day, P4-ODB treatment. The resynchrony treatment increased the proportion of non-pregnant cows inseminated on days 14-28, but did not increase the 28-day pregnancy rate or final pregnancy rate. Treatment of NDO/CL+ cows with the 8-Day, ODB-P4-ODB treatment improved reproductive performance compared with no treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Removable, conforming device for cooling the cortical surface.

A technique for cooling the cerebral cortex is described. It makes use of a neoprene bladder through which cold fluids is circulated. The flexible bladder is contained within a cylinder permanently attached to the skull. The bladder itself can be quickly installed and removed and conforms to the cortical surface with minimal pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A novel immunoadsorption device for removing beta2-microglobulin from whole blood.

BACKGROUND: High plasma levels of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) have been implicated in the formation of the severely destructive and potentially fatal amyloid deposits that are characteristic of dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). Conventional renal replacement technologies remove insufficient quantities of beta2m to normalize plasma levels. This limitation arises because of nonspecific adsorptive qualities and reliance on size exclusion, which can also remove other middle molecular weight proteins. These nonspecific approaches also make it difficult to evaluate the role and contribution of middle molecular weight molecules to the pathology of DRA and other morbidities of end-stage renal disease. A high-affinity and biologically specific approach could target a protein, prevent a significant loss of other important molecules, and improve the apparent adsorption rate within an extracorporeal device. METHODS: Agarose-immobilized murine anti-human beta2m monoclonal antibodies were used in a Vortex Flow Plasmapheretic Reactor (VFPR) to remove donor baseline and controlled amounts of recombinant beta2m from human blood in vitro. The extracorporeal circuit was hemoperfused at 200 mL/min for two hours. RESULTS: The immunoadsorptive media had a binding site density of 30 microg beta2m per mL of settled gel. The VFPR cleared baseline quantities of donor beta2m below detectable limits of the assay. The experiments with higher initial beta2m concentrations reached an equilibrium concentration within 20 minutes, corresponding to a 92% clearance. No deleterious hemocompatibility issues were observed (complete blood count, total protein, and plasma free hemoglobin). CONCLUSIONS: The adsorptive kinetics of the VFPR are optimal for the conditions used and support the use of immunoadsorption for the removal of beta2m.

Blood Component Removal↗
PubMed2003

Standardizing dosimetry in esophageal PDT: an argument for use of centering devices and removal of misleading units.

A simple standardization of esophageal photodynamic therapy light dosimetry is proposed. Calculations of the effect on local treatment dose of using non-centered diffusing fibers have been made and the methods of calculating light energy dose to the treatment area within a centering balloon are discussed. A requirement for centering devices and standard units of Joules per cm(2) of treatment area are indicated.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Effect of exogenous progesterone and oestradiol on plasma progesterone concentrations and follicle wave dynamics in anovulatory anoestrous post-partum dairy cattle.

The effect of exogenous progesterone (P4) and of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) on plasma progesterone concentration and follicle dynamics was studied in anovulatory anoestrus (AA) post-partum pasture-fed dairy cattle. Cows (n=32) were defined AA based on not detecting a corpus luteum upon transrectal ultrasonography of the ovaries. Cows were randomly assigned to treatment with an intravaginal P4-releasing device containing 1.56 g of P4 (1Q; Cuemate, Pfizer Animal Health, Auckland, NZ; n=11) or with modified devices with double (2Q; n=11) or triple (3Q; n=10) the normal P4 dose for 8 days. Half of each group received 2 mg ODB at device insertion (Day 0) while the other half did not receive ODB at this time. All cows were treated with 1 mg ODB 1 day after intravaginal device removal (Day 9). Ultrasonography occurred daily until either ovulation or Day 15 whichever occurred sooner. Blood samples were drawn on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 15 and 22 for plasma P4 determination. Increasing P4 dose was associated with an increase in plasma P4 concentration during the time of device insertion (P <0.05). The highest P4 dose was associated with a delay in emergence of, but a shorter interval from emergence to maximum diameter and ovulation of, the subsequent dominant follicle (DF2) compared to the lowest P4 dose. Treatment with ODB resulted in a delay in emergence of DF2 (4.2 (0.4) versus 2.0 (0.4) days (S.E.M.) to emergence for ODB versus no-ODB; P=0.01), a smaller maximum diameter of DF2 (15.2 (0.5) versus 17.9 (0.6)mm (S.E.M.) for ODB versus no-ODB; P <0.01), a shorter interval to maximum DF2 diameter (5.0 (0.3) versus 6.8 (0.3) days (S.E.M.) for ODB versus no-ODB; P=0.03), a shorter interval from DF2 emergence to ovulation (6.3 (0.4) versus 8.5 (0.4) days (S.E.M.) for ODB versus no-ODB; P=0.02) and a tendency for a lower average plasma P4 concentration post-ovulation (i.e. average of Days 15 and 22; 2.5 (0.4) versus 3.4 (0.4) ng/ml plasma P4 for ODB versus no-ODB, respectively; P=0.08). The DF present at device insertion, was still present at device removal in three (9%) cows of which two were treated with 1Q + no-ODB and one with 3Q + ODB. It is concluded that increasing P4 dose and ODB treatment are associated with a delay in subsequent follicle wave emergence and more rapid follicle growth. Oestradiol benzoate treatment also tends to reduce the plasma P4 concentration in the subsequent luteal phase in post-partum, anoestrous dairy cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Bacteriological cultures of removed intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective, long-term methods of contraception. Although evidence of a direct association between IUD use and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is scarce, concerns about PID related to IUDs use has limited their use throughout the world. We designed this study to examine the effect of IUDs on PID. For the study, we recruited 200 participants from among women who requested an IUD as a means of contraception. The IUDs were removed 36 months later or in case of PID. No PID cases were recorded during the follow-up period. Prior to IUD insertion, 121 women (60.5%) had symptoms and/or signs of lower genital tract infection, whereas during the follow-up period 179 women (89.5%) had symptoms and/or signs of lower genital tract infection. The Papanicolaou smears were negative for Actinomyces throughout the study period. Also, cultures for sexualy transmitted disease microorganisms were negative throughout the study period. Following IUD removal, 189 IUD cultures (94.5%) were positive. The bacterial flora of the removed IUDs consisted of common aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that do not account for PID. The most common microorganisms identified were Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Eschericia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. IUDs are a very effective and safe method of contraception if potential recipients are selected carefully. Culture of the removed IUDs and therapeutic management of women with positive cultures are not recommended when women are asymptomatic for PID.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2000

Use of linezolid, an oxazolidinone, in the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections.

We report our experience with linezolid in an investigation of its use against resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. Fifteen patients who had renal failure (n=6), recent liver transplantation (n=5) or surgery (n=6), cancer (n=3), endocarditis (n=2), or human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=1), along with infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), and 2 patients with infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species who had adverse reactions to vancomycin were treated with linezolid (600 mg every 12 h for 5-42 days (mean+/-SD, 20.5+/-3.5 days). Abscess drainage or prosthetic device removal was undertaken. Microbiological cure occurred in all 10 patients who completed therapy, and all 7 patients alive at follow-up were free of infection. No deaths were attributable to the index infection. Adverse events associated with linezolid use were mild leukopenia in 1 patient and nausea in another. It appears that administration of linezolid, in conjunction with surgical intervention or device removal, is an effective treatment option for serious resistant gram-positive bacterial infections.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1998

Luteal function and estrus in peripubertal beef heifers treated with an intravaginal progesterone releasing device with or without a subsequent injection of estradiol.

The objectives of this experiment were to determine if treatment of beef heifers with progesterone (P4) using an intravaginal device alone or in combination with estradiol benzoate (EB) would induce estrus and cause development of corpora lutea (CL) with a typical life span. Peripubertal heifers (n = 311) were used when about 40% of the heifers had a functional CL. The heifers were assigned to receive one of the following treatments on Day 0: 1) a sham device for 7 d (C, n = 108); 2) an intravaginal device containing P4 for 7 d (P, n = 102); or 3) an intravaginal device containing P4 for 7 d plus an injection of 1 mg EB 24 to 30 h after device removal (PE, n = 101). Serum concentrations of P4 were determined on Days -7, 0, 8, 15 and 22. Weight and age of the heifers at the start of the trial averaged 292 +/- 45 kg and 365 +/- 38 d, respectively. A greater (P < 0.0001) proportion of the heifers from the PE than P group was in standing estrus (81 vs 37%) and formed normal CL (68 vs 44%) after device removal. Of the heifers exhibiting estrus, a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of PE (94%) than P (80%) heifers was active 1 to 3 d after implant removal. Short-term progesterone treatment increased the proportion of heifers in estrus and those forming normal CL, and adding EB to the progesterone treatment further enhanced these responses.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1991

Repair of the tibiofibular syndesmosis with a flexible implant.

Fractures of the adult ankle with disruption of the tibiofibular syndesmosis require adequate stabilization of the ankle mortise to ensure satisfactory healing of the syndesmotic ligaments. Numerous internal fixation techniques for stabilization of the syndesmosis have been used. However, most techniques require partial device removal before weight bearing can be initiated. The "flexible syndesmosis repair" uses simple, inexpensive, readily available synthetic materials to restore distal tibiofibular stability. Once early fracture healing has been obtained, weight bearing is begun (average 6 weeks). Biomechanical testing on paired cadaver ankles demonstrated a suture tensile strength of 60 lbs and consistent suture-button strength of 49 lbs, whereas tricortical screw fixation was found to have a higher 82 lbs average pull-out strength, but demonstrated a wide variability depending on bone quality. Twelve patients have been managed with flexible syndesmosis repair and followed for 2-4 years. All fractures have healed without deformity and there are no cases of mortise instability. Subsequent analysis of devices removed 8-12 months following implantation has shown that all have remained intact without failure. The flexible syndesmosis repair is a reliable, stable way to restore syndesmosis integrity, allowing early weight bearing without need for interim surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and characterization of superoxide dismutase-deferoxamine conjugate via polyoxyethylene: a new molecular device for removal of a variety of reactive oxygen species.

A conjugate of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) with a strong iron chelating agent, deferoxamine (DFO), was synthesized (SOD-POE-DFO) via polyoxyethylene (POE) as a linking agent. N-terminal amino groups of lysine residues in SOD are modified with 1:1 binding products of polyoxyethylene and deferoxamine (POE-DFO) through a covalent amido bond. The mean number of the POE-DFO bound per one SOD molecule is calculated to be 3.3 by determining the C/N ratio after elemental analysis. The half-life of the SOD-POE-DFO is about 1.2 h in rats, whereas that of free SOD is about 5-10 min. POE plays the part not only of the linking agent but also of expanding the lifetime in the circulation. The SOD-POE-DFO possesses both the metal chelating ability (for DFO) and the ability of scavenging superoxide radicals (for SOD). Therefore, the SOD-POE-DFO of the present study can eliminate the superoxide radical and free iron simultaneously and in the same location, and thus, it would be a molecular device with multiple functions which prevents the damage to tissues by scavenging the variety of reactive oxygen species.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A removable orthodontic device for the treatment of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth in young dogs.

The malocclusion of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth is a common orthodontic problem in the domestic dog. Several treatment methods have been described, and their advantages and disadvantages have been extensively reviewed. This article describes a functional technique used in 38 dogs of different breeds for correction of the malocclusion. The technique consists of stimulating the dog to play with specific toys. It is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive technique that has a success rate comparable to conventional orthodontic techniques for treatment of this common malocclusion.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of two estrus synchronization and resynchronization treatments in lactating dairy cows.

Reproductive performance in cows following synchronization of estrus with intravaginal progesterone releasing devices (IVD) has varied with the length of treatment, cyclic status and prolonged return to estrus intervals in some cows following first AI. The objective of this study was to compare two methods of synchronizing and resynchronizing estrus on the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. Cows were treated with an IVD (Day 0) for 7 days (n = 350) or 8 days (n = 350), cloprostenol (0.5 mg i.m.) at the time of device removal and estradiol benzoate (EB) at the time of device insertion (1.5mg i.m.), and again 9 days later (1.0 mg i.m.). Cows were also resynchronized starting on Days 23 and 46 by reinsertion of IVDs for either 7 or 8 days and treatment with EB (1mg i.m.) at the time of device insertion and again 9 days later. Cows were inseminated on detection of estrus for 4 days after removal of devices at each of the synchronized estrous cycles. No significant differences in reproductive performance were detected between each treatment throughout the study period. Synchrony of estrus was more precise at the first and second estrus after treatment with an IVD for 8 days compared to 7 days. Cows classified as anestrous had lower reproductive performance than cows classified as cycling and had longer intervals to estrus at the second (P < 0.001) and third estrus (P < 0.06), but not at the first estrus (P = 0.09). Mean time to onset of estrus after IVD removal was less in cows treated with an IVD for 8 days compared to 7 days at each synchronized estrus (P < 0.01). More Holstein-Friesian cows were classified as non-pregnant and not detected in estrus than crossbreed cows (15.7%, 54/343 versus 9.0%, 24/266; [P < 0.05). The results of the study suggested that the main effects of the treatments that were used to synchronize and resynchronize estrus were to alter the timing and synchrony of estrus without affecting fertility.

Administration, Intravaginal↗