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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Periodic EEG patterns in cerebral fat embolism.

A 24-year-old male developed fat embolism syndrome (FES) 18 hours after accidental tibial and metatarsal fractures. The onset was characterized by coma, generalized seizures, respiratory distress and hypoxemia. Multiple prolonged portable electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings showed a variety of progressively changing patterns including continuous high amplitude EEG rhythmical synchronous slowing (CHERSS), triphasic waves, bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (BIPLEDs), frontal intermittent delta activity (FIRDA), and low amplitude irregular generalized theta. Three months after the accident, the patient was neurologically normal and his EEG exhibited only rare brief bursts of anterior theta in the waking recording. I conclude that EEG periodic activity such as CHERSS, triphasic waves, BIPLEDs, and FIRDA can occur in patients suffering from cerebral fat embolism. It reflects a non-specific diffuse encephalopathy not necessarily associated with a poor prognosis. Prolonged and frequent bedside EEG recordings will demonstrate better these fluctuating abnormalities in cerebral fat embolism (and probably in coma of other origin) than standard less frequent recordings. Very likely, these periodic EEG patterns have not been previously identified in cerebral fat embolism because they were not in vogue among electroencephalographers nor widely accepted at the time studies dealing with this syndrome were written.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

[The problem of posttraumatic fat embolism].

The article is devoted to the problem of fat embolism. In 63 patients with combined and isolated traumas the maximum frequency of fat embolism was diagnosed in the investigation of blood serum from the femoral artery. It can be supposed that no isolated injury of the lesser circulation circuit can occur in fat embolism. An investigation of the venous-arterial difference of fat globulemia has shown the main role of the so-called theory of shunting for fat embolism to be doubtful.

Embolism, Fat↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[FAT EMBOLISM].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Contusions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental studies on the role of intramedullary alignment rods in the etiology of fat embolisms in knee endoprostheses].

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) during implantation of an uncemented resurfacing type of total knee replacement is the leading cause of postoperative mortality. A possible explanation might be the insertion of a solid intramedullary alignment rod, resulting in an intrafemoral pressure increase. On 45 cadaveric human femora we measured the resulting intramedullary pressure during insertion of three different alignment rods: a solid rod and a hollow shaped guiding rod, both 10 mm in diameter, and a fluted alignment rod of 8.5 mm in diameter. The highest intramedullary pressures occurred after placement of a solid 10 mm alignment rod (3.77 +/- 0.44 bar), followed by a fluted 8.5 mm rod (2.53 +/- 0.28 bar). In both cases, the increased pressure led to an extrusion of bone marrow contents through the venous system of the proximal femur. The least increase occurred after insertion of a hollow shaped alignment rod (0.26 +/- 0.03 bar) without any fat extrusion. Our study confirms the hypothesis that insertion of solid intramedullary alignment rods during preparation of the femoral shaft results in a dangerous pressure increase, so that embolization can occur. To minimize the risk of a FES, instruments should be modified in a manner, that only hollow shaped alignment rods are used.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed2002

[Dynamic changes in magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated images of cerebral fat embolism: a case report].

Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) is serious complication of a long-bone fracture. We reported magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted (DWI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in a patient suffered with CFE. A 26-year-old man with a right femoral bone fracture lapsed into a semicoma eight hours later. Eighteen hours after the depressed consciousness, DWI and FLAIR images on MR imaging showed multiple high-intensity spots in corona radiata, basal ganglia, thalamus, corpus callosum, brain stem and cerebellum. Thereby, he was diagnosed as CFE. These multiple lesions were more detectable on FLAIR images than DWI, particularly in posterior fossa. Eight days after the onset, follow-up DWI, FLAIR, and T 2-weighted MR image (T 2 WI) showed most of the lesions disappeared or shrunk. The resolution of the lesions suggests that most of the lesions were brain edema as a result of the unique pathophysiological condition of CFE. The remained lesions were diagnosed as cerebral infarctions. The consciousness of the patient improved alert. Three months later, follow-up MRI showed almost complete resolution of the abnormal intensities. Follow up DWI and FLAIR images observed in the patient indicated that many small lesions occurs throughout the whole brain without a preferential region, and many of the lesions can subside or attenuate in CFE.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fat embolism syndrome. Changing prognosis.

Patients with the fat embolism syndrome are reported to have a severe course, with mortality as high as 15 percent. Recent studies have attributed improved prognosis to one or another treatment modality. We reviewed the 54 patients with clinical evidence of the posttraumatic fat embolism syndrome documented at the Foothills Hospital from 1968 to 1977. The criteria for diagnosis were fever (54/54), hypoxemia (52/52), diffuse pulmonary infiltrates (49/54), changes in sensorium (41/54), and petechiae (39/54). Therapy included supplemental oxygen (54), assisted ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (5), and corticosteroids (7). There were no deaths. Patients who have the fat embolism syndrome without associated life-threatening disease have a relatively good prognosis with modern therapy, in contrast to reports in most of the published literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Fat embolism. A perspective.

The importance of fat embolism as a complication of bony trauma has been recognized for over 100 years. During this time there have been short bursts of rapid progress in knowledge and understanding of the problem separated by periods of confusion and misunderstandings. Presently, as a result of improvements in technology, new information has been derived to reduce significantly the morbidity and mortality of fat embolism.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗