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PubMedDate not supplied

Optically tunable nanoparticle contrast agents for early cancer detection: model-based analysis of gold nanoshells.

Many optical diagnostic approaches rely on changes in scattering and absorption properties to generate optical contrast between normal and diseased tissue. Recently, there has been increasing interest in using exogenous agents to enhance this intrinsic contrast with particular emphasis on the development for targeting specific molecular features of disease. Gold nanoshells are a class of core-shell nanoparticles with an extremely tunable peak optical resonance ranging from the near-UV to the mid-IR wavelengths. Using current chemistries, nanoshells of a wide variety of core and shell sizes can easily be fabricated to scatter and/or absorb light with optical cross sections often several times larger than the geometric cross section. Using gold nanoshells of different size and optical parameters, we employ Monte Carlo models to predict the effect of varying concentrations of nanoshells on tissue reflectance. The models demonstrate the importance of absorption from the nanoshells on remitted signals even when the optical extinction is dominated by scattering. Furthermore, because of the strong optical response of nanoshells, a considerable change in reflectance is observed with only a very small concentration of nanoshells. Characterizing the optical behavior of gold nanoshells in tissue will aid in developing nanoshells as contrast agents for optical diagnostics.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Automated interpretation of protein subcellular location patterns: implications for early cancer detection and assessment.

Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing the subcellular distributions of proteins, but that power has not been fully utilized because most analysis of those distributions has been done by visual examination. This limitation can be overcome using automated pattern recognition methods widely used in other fields. This article summarizes work demonstrating that automated systems can recognize the patterns of major organelles in both two- and three-dimensional images of cultured cells, and that these systems can distinguish similar patterns better than visual examination. The basis for these systems are sets of Subcellular Location Features that capture the essence of subcellular patterns without being sensitive to the extensive variation that occurs in the size, shape, and orientation of cells in microscope images. These features can also be used to make sensitive, statistical comparisons of the distribution of a protein between two conditions, such as in the presence and absence of a drug. The possible use of automated pattern analysis methods for improving detection of abnormal cells in cancerous or precancerous tissues is also discussed.

Automation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone marrow metastasis in nasopharyngeal cancer: early detection using EBER1 in situ hybridization.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported the abundant expression of EBER1 in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastatic to lymph nodes and bone marrow (BM). This study was done to research the use of EBER1 in situ hybridization to detect micrometastasis in the marrow of NPC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 41 patients who underwent BM biopsy either for routine pretherapeutic evaluation or suspected bone marrow metastasis were enrolled for study. Thirty-two patients underwent BM biopsy for routine staging examination (Group I) and 10 were examined for unexplained cytopenia, leukoerythroblastosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or extensive bone metastasis (Group II). The authors applied EBER1 in situ hybridization to investigate the expression of EBER1 in 42 BM specimens. Examinations were performed on paraffin embedded tissues using polymerase chain reaction-derived, digoxigenin-labeled EBER1 DNA probes. RESULTS: Eight of 42 specimens (19%) were positive for BM metastasis. Just one (3%) had bone marrow involvement in Group I. However, seven (70%) were positive in Group II. All but one of them with bone marrow metastasis showed positive EBER1 in situ hybridization in the BM. Another patient suspected of having BM metastasis was negative for cytokeratin, but was positive for EBER1 in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION: Routine bone marrow study is not recommended in the staging of NPC, since only 3% of patients had BM metastasis. EBER1 in situ hybridization of marrow specimens cannot detect malignant cells earlier in NPC, but can be usefully applied to cases of equivocal marrow metastasis.

Adult↗