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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

On the optimization of blood lead standards in electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry.

This study is concerned with the optimization of blood lead standards in EDTA-AAS (electrothermal atomisation-atomic absorption spectrometry), using a direct method, i.e. the determination of lead in 15-fold diluted blood. With three bottles of whole blood containing respectively heparin, citrate and EDTA as an anticoagulant, and 14 working standard solutions, 42 calibration curves were constructed. It appeared that standards prepared in heparinised blood yield calibration curves with a less steep slope than in the case of citrate of EDTA blood. As a primary standard, lead acetate is considered best for both heparinised and citrated blood; metallic lead is advantageous for EDTA blood. In all cases a low pH of both stock standard and working standard solution is preferred. Using a reference sample the best conditions for obtaining accurate results were investigated. The use of metallic lead as a primary standard ensures a combination of low systemic error with high precision and steep slope.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of horse-spleen ferritin with aluminium citrate.

Horse-spleen ferritin was found to bind Al systematically following gel filtration in buffered Al citrate 30 microM, and up to molar ratio 98 when incubated at 37 degrees C with Al citrate, buffered to pH 7.4. Pre-incubation with 3 concentrations of neutral sodium phosphate (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 mM) had no significant effect on binding. Apotransferrin interaction with the Al-ferritin complex to release Fe but not Al. Protein-digestion and EDTA washing procedures showed that the Al was firmly bound to the ferritin, probably to the core. Since ferritin species from different organs are relatively alike, we suggest that in the gut ferritin may scavenge Al followed by its re-excretion into the lumen with the mucosal cells, thus protecting against absorption of the metal.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1987

Iron binding to microsomes and liposomes in relation to lipid peroxidation.

The effects of ADP, ATP, citrate and EDTA on iron-dependent microsomal and liposomal lipid peroxidation, and on 59FeCl3 binding to the lipid membranes were measured. The aim was to test if initiation of lipid peroxidation is a site-specific mechanism requiring bound iron. In the absence of chelator, iron was bound to both membranes. EDTA and citrate removed the iron and inhibited peroxidation. ATP and ADP stimulated peroxidation, but whereas ADP allowed only half of the iron to remain bound, all was removed by ATP. Chelators, therefore, cannot be simply influencing a site-specific mechanism. Their effects must relate to the reactivities of the different iron chelates as initiators of lipid peroxidation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Beta-glucosidase activity towards a bile acid glucoside in human liver.

Human liver contains hydrolytic activity toward 3 beta-glucosido-chenodeoxycholic acid. This beta-glucosidase activity, localized predominantly in the microsomal fraction, was optimally active in the presence of divalent metal ions close to pH 5.0 and was inhibited by EDTA. Kinetic parameters and other catalytic properties of hydrolytic activity towards 3 beta-glucosido-chenodeoxycholic acid from human liver microsomes are described.

Cations, Divalent↗
PubMed1992

Glucose and citrate reduce the permeability changes caused by indomethacin in humans.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced increased intestinal permeability appears to be a prerequisite for NSAID enteropathy. It has been suggested that early metabolic events leading to the permeability changes may involve inhibition of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in which case the coadministration of glucose and citrate (the substrates for these metabolic pathways) with indomethacin may afford some protection. The present study, using a combined intestinal absorption-permeability test including 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, and [51Cr]ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as test probes and the differential urine excretion ratio of [51Cr]-EDTA/L-rhamnose, showed that indomethacin (50 + 75 mg) increased intestinal permeability. A formulation of indomethacin containing 15 mg glucose and 15 mg citrate to each milligram of indomethacin did not increase intestinal permeability significantly above baseline values. When given alone with indomethacin, neither glucose nor citrate (45 mg to each milligram of indomethacin) had any protective effects. Pharmokinetic studies showed that the effects of glucose and citrate cannot be explained on the basis of altered drug absorption. These results suggest a new approach to reducing the small intestinal side effects of NSAIDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Selection of anticoagulants for lymphocyte immunophenotyping. Effect of specimen age on results.

In a multi-center study, whole blood specimens from 31 HIV-positive and 43 HIV-negative donors were collected in three different anticoagulants and assayed for lymphocyte subsets fresh (within 6 h), and 1 and 2 days later. Each center prepared the specimens by their routine whole blood lysis procedure, labeling with a recommended panel of two-color monoclonal antibody combinations. 1 day (up to about 30 h) after blood collection, the results obtained from blood collected in EDTA (ethylenediamine tetra-acetate), ACD (acid citrate dextrose), and heparin were similar to fresh. Up to 48 h, only ACD and heparin, not EDTA, yielded results similar to fresh specimens. These results were similar for both HIV-positive and -negative specimens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Effects of different anticoagulants on human platelet size distribution and serotonin (5-HT) induced shape change and uptake kinetics.

The effect of collecting blood with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA), citrate (NAC) or acid sodium citrate-dextrose (ACD) as anticoagulants on platelet count and size distribution was investigated. No difference between the three preparations regarding platelet count was found in whole blood. Preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) significantly reduced the platelet count in NAC-PRP (p less than 0.01) to a value of 288 X 10(9)/l compared to those of 365 X 10(9)/l and 368 X 10(9)/l in EDTA and ACD blood respectively. A significant shift in the platelet size in EDTA-PRP towards larger cell volumes was observed. There were no differences in the size distribution pattern between NAC-PRP and ACD-PRP in spite of the differences in platelet count. Platelet 5-HT uptake kinetics in EDTA-PRP showed a 50 per cent reduction in both Km and Vmax compared to that in ACD-PRP. The study shows that the receptor mediating 5-HT induced shape change has a direct opposite pH dependence than that of the 5-HT carrier. Interference of receptor-mediated responses in 5-HT uptake studies in human platelets is clearly minimized at a lowered pH. The finding is probably of importance in disorders associated with platelet hyperaggregability.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗