PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Elements, Radioactive”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Biosorption of actinides from dilute waste actinide solution by egg-shell membrane.

Removal of radioactive elements from the effluent and waste aqueous solutions is an important problem. In previous laboratory batch experiments, hen egg-shell membrane (ESM) was stable as an insoluble protein and was very capable of binding heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Batch laboratory pH profile, time dependency, and capacity experiments were performed to determine the binding of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) to ESM. Batch pH profile experiments indicated that the optimum pH for binding these actinides was approx 6.0 (U) or 3.0 (Th). The adsorption isotherms were developed at pH 5.0 (U) or 3.0 (Th) at 25 degrees C, and the adsorption equilibrium data fitted both Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum uptakes by the Langmuir model were about 240 mg U/g and 60 mg Th/g dry weight ESM. In addition, their adsorption capacities increased as salt concentration increased. ESM could also accumulate uranium from dilute aqueous solution by adjusting to the optimum pH. These results showed that ESM was effective for removing actinides from solution and would be useful in filtration technology to remove actinides from aqueous solution.

Actinoid Series Elements↗
PubMed1998

[Urothelial tumors versus "endemic" nephropathy - myth or reality?].

Malignant tumors of the renal pelvis account for over 78 per cent of all malignant tumors of the kidney, and less than 1 per cent of all urogenital neoplasms. At the time of diagnosing, almost one third of these patients present with tumor of the ipsilateral ureter or bladder, and 40-50 per cent have ureteral tumor located elsewhere (D. Crawford, S. Das, 1990). After World War Two, the frequency of publications on cases of primary tumors of the pelvis show a noticeable increase, e.g. in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria the ratio of parenchymatous renal tumors to those of the renal pelvis is conspicuously altered. S. Petcovic (1970) and S. Lambrev (1972) attribute this fact to the existence of endemic "nephropathy" foci. It is the purpose of this work to analyze twenty-nine patients presenting carcinoma of the upper urinary ways, studied in the Chair of Urology in the period 1991 through 1997. Of them only four come from "endemic" regions. Over the period 1972-1975, fifty-nine patients with the same condition undergo treatment in the aforementioned Chair. It is worth noting that patients from the so-called "endemic" regions lack the typical signs of "endemic" nephropathy. The assumption is warranted that "endemic" nephropathy is a still not well enough clarified nosological entity, bearing resemblance to contamination with radioactive elements with a "boom" during the half-life period gradually subsiding.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Update on malignant hemopathies].

The beginning of this century was marked, in our specialty as in other, by two revolutions: the routine use of molecular biology tools for a better prognosis of the disease (flt3 receptor duplication in AML, mutational profile of Ig genes in CLL, gene expression profile with ARN chips in aggressive lymphomas.), and the discovery of "intelligent" molecules, targeting the tumoral cell. In this category, the most appealing is the STI571 (Gleevec , Novartis), targeting the molecular abnormality of the cells expressing bcr-abl protein: CML, ALL Ph1(+). Other molecules targeting signal transduction proteins (ras farnesylation inhibitors for example) are already in clinical trials. The increasing therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies is also to be cited, with a special mention concerning the rituximab, used in several B lymphoid pathologies, from lymphoma to autoimmune diseases. His very good tolerance permits his use in ambulatory patients, and his combination with chemotherapy or his linkage with radioactive elements render this molecule indispensable. The other side of these molecules is their incredibly high cost, explaining the uncontrolled expenses in 2001 of hospitals hosting hematology as well as oncology activities.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

The use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to evaluate internal contamination.

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) permits the detection of stable and radioactive elements in microvolume. Based on the ablation of specimens by ion bombardment, this mass spectrometry method allows a rapid assessment of trace elements in biological samples and enables accurate isotopic ratio determination. In this work, an application of SIMS in studies involving element microdistribution is illustrated on the basis of analyses of duodenal tissue sections from rats contaminated with either cerium or thorium. For this purpose, tests are performed with SIMS to analyze tissue sections obtained 12, 24 and 48 hr after contamination. In this report, strengths and limitations of SIMS are pointed out as an important tool in biological research.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tissue decorporation of polonium-210 in rats by DMPA.

Polonium-210 exposures, although rare, have occurred due to accidents in nuclear working environments. This alpha emitting radioactive element can bind thiols and thiol-containing proteins in vivo. Since thiol-containing chelating agents compete with many thiols for heavy metals, a number of these chelating agents have been investigated as protective agents against the lethal effects of 210Po and as tissue decorporating agents for it. Rats given 210Po (40 microCi/kg) ip had a median survival time (mst) of 39 days. The mst was increased to 106 days when N-(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid (DMPA), meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) or the Na salt of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) was administered sc (p less than .002). Decorporation studies were performed by giving rats 210Po (0.4 microCi) sc, followed by a series of thiol injections beginning one hour later. After 21 days, kidney levels of 210Po in rats given DMPA were only 28% of those of the untreated controls and significantly lower than those receiving DMSA, DMPS, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or WR2721. After DMPA treatment, the 210Po levels of the spleen were 25% of the saline-treated control. DMPA appears to be a new and consistent decorporating agent for polonium-210.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Fly ash and its biological effects. I. Production, utilization and physico-chemical properties of fly ash].

The paper includes the results of Part I of the studies designed to evaluate occupational risk of power engineering workers, i.e. people employed in plants producing fly-ashes, as well as those working in lightweight concrete plants where fly-ashes are applied as raw materials. The authors have found out that fly-ashes included mainly quartz, orthoclase and mullite. In dust samples, particles of fibrous structure have been found (probably--mullite). The content of free crystalline silica came to 31.6% in total dust and 8.9% in respirable dust. Fly-ashes contained:--naturally radioactive elements K40, Ra226, Th228 (maximum values were, respectively: 1070 Bq/kg, 222 Bq/kg, 142 Bq/kg of dust),--aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene-soluble fraction) in the amount of 0.001 to 0.003 microgram/mg, as well as admixtures of heavy metals in amounts varying largely. The dust concentrations at workplaces ranged from 1 mg/m3 to 200 mg/m3, depending on the type of work (inspection, repair of boilers). The results demonstrate that in the working environment of power engineering and lightweight concrete plants there occur agents of potentially fibrogenic and cancerogenic properties.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of computers in molecular biology studies].

The paper contains a brief review of the studies involving application of computers, carried out at the Institute of Molecular Biology (investigation of the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids; modelling of the DNA-ligand interactions; analysis of the spectral data of different types: electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetic circular dichroism, absorption and fluorescence spectra; analysis of the thin-layer samples labelled by radioactive elements; chromosome analysis).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Cardiac radioisotopic tomography].

In addition to positron tomography, which involves the use of radioactive elements of physiological or pathological significance, there is another technic available, that of gamma emission tomography, which makes use of conventional tracer elements, and which therefore has important clinical applications which complete plane projection imaging. This method can be used both to investigate myocardial blood supply, using thallium 201 and to evaluate cardiac kinetics--of both the right and left ventricles--after labeling of the blood flow with technetium 99m.

Heart↗
PubMed1986

[Present status of brachytherapy].

High dose rate, remote-afterloading intracavitary irradiation (RALS) and low dose rate, interstitial irradiation were discussed. In Japan, RALS is now a standard treatment for uterine cervix carcinoma. In interstitial radiotherapy, radium sources, because of their poor conditions of protection and excessively long half-life, are being replaced by several new radioactive elements, such as 60Co, 125I, 125Cs and 192Ir. These have suitable characteristics for afterloading and safety protection. Among them 192Ir has become common source, not only for intraoral cancer, but also various other tumors including rectal, breast, and bile duct cancers.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1994

[Role of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the etiology of lung cancer morbidity among the population a of a large industrial city].

The article deals with results of studies covering the levels of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzpyrene (an indicator) in atmosphere of various districts within an industrial city. Concentrations of toxic substances, heavy elements, radioactive aerosols in the air were also analyzed. Lung cancer morbidity among the population was studied. By means of poll among the patients the scientists revealed the duration of residence in various districts within the city, occupational background, bad habits, which preceded lung cancer. Close correlation between lung cancer incidence and air pollution with benz(a)pyrene was seen. Threshold concentrations of the carcinogen were estimated. Role of smoking and air pollution in lung cancer morbidity were determined.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1994

[Biodistribution and metabolism of 3H-gastrodigenin and 3H-gastrodin in mice].

The biodistribution and metabolism of 3H-gastrodigenin and 3H-gastrodin after intravenous injection were studied by the detection of their radioactivity in mice tissue; the radioactive elements of mice tissue extracts after intravenous injection of 3H-gastrodin were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The results demonstrated that gastrodin could penetrate through the blood-brain barrier into the brain, and it was rapidly decomposed into the gastrodigenin in brain, liver and blood. Then gastrodigenin preserved in brain and mediated its pharmacological inhibitive effects on the central nervous system. Most of the gastrodigenin and gastrodin were excreted by the kidney. The findings also suggested that gastrodin might exist in the enterohepatic circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Oviposition and dispersion of Aedes aegypti in an urban environment].

It is generally accepted that female Aedes aegypti do not fly more than 50-100 m in their entire lifetime, yet the rapidity with which this species colonizes new areas, and the explosive nature of dengue and yellow fever epidemics appear to contradict this. Using molecular methods, we have confirmed that the Ae. aegypti females lay small numbers of eggs at many sites. The distribution of available sites implies that the female may fly a considerable distance to deposit her whole egg batch. We developed a method of monitor dispersal during oviposition by labelling the eggs of the mosquito with rubidium, a relatively rare, non-radioactive element. Eggs laid by females fed in the laboratory on blood containing rubidium were collected in the field with ovitraps and assayed by atomic emission spectroscopy. Our study revealed rapid dispersal over our entire study area, more than 800 m in diameter. We conclude that dispersal may be driven by the availability of oviposition sites. Marked eggs were collected for up to 7 days after feeding, suggesting that the gonotrophic cycle in the field is longer than generally assumed. This implies that calculations of longevity based on ovarian dissection and estimates of the duration of the gonotrophic cycle may need to be revised. Novel studies on sugar feeding and blood feeding are also mentioned.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhenium-186-HEDP palliative treatment in disseminated bone metastases due to prostate cancer.

Prostate carcinoma is the most commonly associated with osseous metastases malignancy in males. The lesions, being usually of a mixed sclerotic/lytic variety and less often of the pure sclerotic type, need to be treated by a bone seeking radioactive element with an as low as possible radiobiological burden on the surrounding (peritumoral) tissues. Rhenium-186-HEDP was used to treat these osseous metastatic lesions due to its bone seeking kinetics attractive radiochemical properties. Of a total of 16 prostate cancer patients. 3 experiment loss of pain, 8 experienced obvious and 2 some improvement. No change was observed in 3 patients. Ten patients manifested a flare syndrome increasing pain approximately 2 to 6 days, after Re-186-HEDP i.v. application. Six patients showed a definite and 9 a slight decrease in platelet levels and absolute number of polymorphonuclear white blood cells, up to fourth week following treatment. One patient underwent a whole blood transfusion and in 2 peripheral neuropathy was observed lasting about 9 to 12 days. Re-186-HEDP appears to be a promising new metal ion complex for the palliation of painful bone metastases in prostate cancer. Compared to Sr-89 therapy, it shows a longer analgetic efficacy and has the advantage of emitting gamma rays, a fact which facilitates dosimetric calculations.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Serine protease detection in mixed lymphocyte cultures: a histochemical method for possible prediction of graft-versus-host disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) presents an important complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A method to predict GVHD might be the analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors, but the technique requires the use of radioactive elements not suitable in all laboratories. DESIGN AND METHODS: Serine esterase (SE) activity was studied by a cytochemical method in donor-recipient mixed lymphocytes cultures (MLC). Twelve patients, affected by acute or chronic leukemia, and 20 donors were studied. MLC incubated with and without growth factors (IGF-1 or IL-2), were analyzed. The relationship between positivity of MLC and GVHD in transplanted patients was evaluated. RESULTS: The data obtained showed that the percentage of SE positive cells was higher in MLC compared to negative control MLC. The highest percentage of positive cells was found in the MLC obtained from unrelated subjects. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results show that serine protease expression in MLC may be a predictive marker of GVHD and could be used as an additional early test associated with cytotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Radiation-induced teratogen effects and therapeutic abortion (author's transl)].

Ionizing radiation during the whole developmental phase induces high radiation sensitivity in the human embryo and fetus. Particularly in the phase of organogenesis, increased malformations result in a lower quality of life for the fetus after birth. In a suspected or existing pregnancy, it is, therefore, necessary to limit the indication for examination or treatment of the mother with ionizing radiation or radioactive elements more than in other phases of life. The probability of unfavorably influencing development in the womb by ionizing radiation depends on the dose received by the fetus. For this reason, all measures should be taken to keep the radiation exposure to a minimum. Since up until now no uniform recommendations regarding indication for therapeutic abortion following irradiation have been drawn up in Western Germany, it is advisable to fall back on those recommendations drawn up by Scandinavian countries on the basis of thorough radiobiological knowledge and experience. In cases where the probability of unfavorable effects exceeds 10% and/or the natural malformation rate doubles, a therapeutic abortion should be considered. In a properly conducted examination, this level is generally not reached. A few tips are also presented in regard to the proper execution of the examination during pregnancy.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗