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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Dental procedure fees 1975 through 1995: how much have they changed?

A shift toward diagnostic and preventive dentistry in the last two decades is evident from the change in the number of dental procedures performed, as well as the change in the percentage of time spent performing different types of procedures. During the period 1975 through 1995, the average nominal fees for selected dental procedures increased. Once inflation was taken into account, however, the increase in the average real fees charged was more modest.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Private fees in dental practice: a personal view for new graduates.

On qualification, many graduates have little idea of the finances involved in running a practice and this is a subject which will be dealt with in depth on Vocational Training courses. It is extremely important that the newly qualified learn the basis on which private fees may be calculated.

Dentist-Patient Relations↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of the new German quarterly practice fee on dental treatment -- cost-benefit analysis].

BACKGROUND: In the German Law on the Modernization of the Statutory Healthcare System of 19 November 2003 the legislator enacted payment of a so-called quarterly practice fee for ambulant medical and dental care. The legislator hopes that by the introduction of this fee the central "steering" function of the family doctor is strengthened and that medically unnecessary treatment will be reduced, thus reducing cost and consolidating health insurance funds. In public, however, the introduction of the practice fee as a steering instrument is very controversially discussed. The aim of the analysis is to balance the cost-effectiveness of a quarterly practice fee with regard to the specific features of the dental care system. RESULTS: Analysis of the allocative and distributive effects shows that the practice fee does not adequately take into account the specific features of the dental care sector and that the adverse effects prevail if seen under the aspect of health economics and social medicine. Neither on the micro-economic nor on the macro-economic level a noticeable medicine-term or long-term cost containment effect may be expected.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1986

Coinsurance effects on dental prices.

For many Americans the cost of dental services represents a barrier to receiving regular dental care and maintaining proper oral health. The recent growth of the dental insurance industry, however, may partly offset this price barrier among insureds. Our purpose is to examine the relationship between coinsurance and dental prices for 16 dental services among a sample of Pennsylvania Blue Shield (PBS) adult insureds. The dependent price measure is the annual average gross price paid for 16 specific preventive, restorative, periodontic, endodontic, prosthodontic, and surgical dental services. Independent variables in the price model include the insured's age, education, coinsurance rates, time costs, market area, non-wage income, oral health status, area dentist-population ratio and usual source of care. Data sources are 1980 PBS claims and coinsurance rate data and a mail survey of sampled insureds. OLS regression analysis reveals that the model's independent variables explain little dental price variation. No variable is consistently significant across services, but market area, coinsurance rates, and time costs alternately dominate across equations. These results suggest that, among adult insureds, coinsurance and time costs influence dental fees in a minority of dental services. Insurance reduces the patient's sensitivity to money price, and non-price factors correspondingly seem to become more important in patient search.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fee psychology].

The problem of dental fees is always a difficult issue to discuss because of the great subjectivity of the word money and its emotional load in the dentist-patient relationship. The teaching of dentistry with the emphasis on the technical aspects as a primary goal, usually neglects the study of the person and of the factors that lead to stressful situations in the dental practice. The author insists on the importance of analysing the objective handicaps and inner, unconscious, barriers in order to attain a more mature attitude in this matter, and also makes some considerations concerning fees in pediatric dentistry.

Dentist-Patient Relations↗
PubMed1992

Supply decisions among dentists working within a fixed-fee system of dental care provision.

In Norway fees for dental treatment did not increase at the same rate as prices for other goods and services during the 1980s. The aim of this study was to examine how this decrease in fees in real terms has influenced dentists' work decisions with respect to supply of services. Data on characteristics of the dentist and the dental practice were collected for 1979, 1984, and 1986. The dependent variable was supply of dental services, measured as the number of patient care hours worked per annum. The hourly fee for dental care was equivalent to dentists hourly wage rate. Supply increased as fees decreased. This could be explained either as a response of the patient or the dentist to reduced fees. Although the data did not give conclusive evidence as to which effect was most important, the authors have put forward the view that the main effect was dentists' response to reduced fees. The main argument put in favor of this view is that dentists have an overall knowledge of the effect of a change in fees on their income. The impact of a change in fees is much greater on the provider who supplies the services to many individuals over a long period of time, than on an individual consumer who buys the services once or twice a year. It was concluded that, in the short run, a fixed-fee schedule may not be very effective in limiting costs for dental care.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tooth brushing and utilization of dental services in Fiji (1998).

Utilization of services is considered the presence or absence of care received. The most common measure of utilization is the annual number of dental visits per person. This study aims to determine oral health practices, which were a measure of their oral hygiene status and the use of health care facilities. It also aims to investigate the major problems that exist within the health care system in 1998, which may explain the lack of use of dental services. Fijians and Indo-Fijians were two ethnic groups in the sample, selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. Only two age categories, 15-19 and 35-44 year-olds were selected being the index age for World Health Organization in Oral Health Surveys. A total of 1,000 questionaires were distributed and the completed questionnaires (n = 619) were collected immediately. Thirty one percent of the respondents indicated that they learnt to care for their teeth from dental personnel. Of the individuals who brushed their teeth twice a day, 41% visited the dentist within the last 12 months. Majority of the individuals (65%) who brushed their teeth twice or more daily indicated that they needed dental treatment. Individuals who visited the dentist within the last 12 months reported having a tooth extracted (53%), check-up (29%), filling (8.9%), polishing of teeth (3.7%), gum problem (3.2%) and false teeth (1.8%). Individuals who brushed twice daily did not visit the dentist within the last 12 months because nothing was wrong (63.2%), too busy (9%) and afraid of the dentist (7%). More than 80% of the respondents were satisfied with the current services, but indicated improvement on the waiting time (31.2%), availability of more treatment options in dental clinics (27.5%), dental fees (15.4%), improvement on the facilities for dental care (10.1%), a customer-friendly dental personnel (9.4%) and considerations for infection control (6.4%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Update on student debt: trends and possible consequences.

This paper is an update on the issue of dental student debt and provides additional data and an exploration of continued trends which were outlined by Douglass and Fein in the 1995 IOM study of The Future of Dental Education. Dental school tuitions have continued to increase at rates at or above the consumer price index. These tuition bills are increasingly being met by debt financing on the part of the students. These trends are described and then related to recent data on the future plans of dental school seniors. The second part of the paper will provide new updated date on dentists' incomes and analyze the trend in dental fees versus the consumer price index. The final section provides a summary of pay back mechanisms currently being offered to students.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1984

Effect of cariogenic food exposure on prevalence of dental caries among fee and non-fee paying Nigerian schoolchildren.

Dental caries status, frequency of sweet consumption and method of toothcleaning of 180 Nigerian elementary schoolchildren aged 8-15 yr were investigated by clinical examination and questionnaire technique. The highest frequency of sweet consumption was recorded for the fee-paying pupils, who also had statistically significantly higher caries prevalence than in non-fee paying schools (P less than 0.001). About 48% and 24% of the fee and non-fee paying pupils respectively had dental caries. There was no significant difference in the sex distribution of the disease (P greater than 0.05). However, there was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between methods of cleaning the teeth in the two types of schools. The majority (95%) of the fee-paying pupils used only a toothbrush while 51% of the non-fee paying pupils used a chewing stick. Methods for restricting the use of sweet snacks in addition to oral hygiene instruction are discussed as important means to reduce the increasing caries prevalence in schoolchildren in developing countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An estimation of dental treatment needs in two groups of refugees in Sweden.

The aim of this study was to estimate dental treatment need in groups of Chilean and Polish refugees in Sweden. Of the Nordic countries, Sweden accepts the greatest number of refugees. An average of 5000 refugees arrived annually in 1981-85, increasing to 15,000 during 1986-87. Refugees and their families now comprise 93% of non-Nordic immigration. In 1981-83 a sample of 193 Chilean and 92 Polish refugees in the county of Stockholm was selected for this study. Dental treatment needs were calculated in accordance with CPITN and the working study of Swedish dentistry, which formed the basis for the Swedish scale of dental fees for the National Dental Insurance Scheme. The estimated mean treatment time (+/- SD) in the Chilean sample was 6.9 +/- 2.3 h and in the Polish group 8.4 +/- 3.0; in comparison with estimated treatment needs in a Swedish material, both would be classified as extreme risk groups. There was no correlation between the number of months in Sweden and the estimated treatment needs. The results indicate a cumulative, unmet need for dental care in these groups. Barriers to ensuring adequate health care for immigrants persist; special outreach programmes, conducted by dental health personnel, may be an effective means of introducing immigrants to the Swedish dental care system.

Adult↗