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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Noninvasive determination of local wavespeed and distensibility of the femoral artery by comb-excited Fourier velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging: measurements on athletic and nonathletic human subjects.

The local distensibility of arteries is of interest because distensibility varies from artery to artery, may be altered by disease to different extents in different arteries, and may be modified by physiological or pharmacological means. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we have measured local arterial wavespeed in the femoral artery in healthy human subjects and calculated local arterial distensibility. We acquired 2-D coronal and sagittal MR phase contrast angiograms of the femoral artery. We used a novel imaging technique, comb-excited Fourier velocity-encoded MRI, to obtain simultaneous measurements of arterial blood velocity at two stations 14 cm apart on the femoral artery. The separation of the two stations divided by the delay between the onset of forward flow at the two stations was used to calculate the wavespeed. The measurements were made on 16 healthy men (8 athletes, 8 non-athletes) in the age range 20-30 years, who were scanned with the use of ECG gating and an extremity coil in a 1.5 Tesla scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). By systematically altering the delay between the R-wave and data acquisition, a temporal resolution of 2-4 ms was achieved. The onset of forward flow at each station was determined from a least-squares fit to the data for 30% of the maximum velocity during the cardiac cycle. Average femoral artery wavespeed was 7.7 m/s +/- 1.2 in the athletes and 11.5 m/s +/- 1.1 in the non-athletes (P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm by intraaortic balloon pumping].

Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is one of multiple vascular complications with intra aortic balloon pumping (IABP). In a series of 815 cases, the incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation was 0.61 percent. Six patients with this complication who underwent successful surgical repair were reviewed. Three cases in our series were obviously due to the unsuitable technique of balloon removal. Especially a patient who underwent IABP insertion after exposure of the femoral artery should undergo open removal of the balloon with reconstruction of the femoral artery. In conclusion, femoral artery pseudoaneurysms are expected to diminish by the appropriate technique of balloon removal.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Early postoperative femoral-distal bypass graft failure due to vascular clamp injury induced common femoral artery thrombosis.

Acute early postoperative femoral-distal bypass graft failure associated with profound lower extremity ischemia is unusual because early graft failure commonly reverts leg circulation to the preoperative status. Two cases are reported where the etiology of profound early postoperative ischemia and graft failure were not due to technical aspects of graft reconstruction itself but rather to vascular clamp injury to a severely atherosclerotic common femoral artery with early postoperative common femoral artery, profunda femoris artery and graft thrombosis. This event requires immediate recognition and common femoral artery reconstruction for limb salvage.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Delayed distal blood pressure rise after partial arterial reconstruction for combined aorto-iliac and superficial femoral artery occlusive disease.

The blood pressure in the ankle and great toe was measured with cuff and strain-gauge technique in 39 patients after insertion of aorto-femoral bifurcation graft. In 40 limbs with patent superficial femoral artery (complete reconstruction) the distal blood pressure remained unchanged from the tenth postoperative day to follow-up after 12 to 26 months. In 30 limbs with occluded superficial femoral artery (partial reconstruction) the ankle/arm pressure index rose from 0.54 to 0.61 between the tenth day and late follow-up. The blood pressure in the great toe had increased by 8 mmHg on the tenth postoperative day and by additionally 17 mmHg during the next 12 to 26 months. The delayed pressure rise after partial arterial reconstruction presumably reflected development of collateral vessels from the deep femoral artery system. The clinical significance of the findings is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Bilateral spontaneous rupture of the muscular branch of the superficial femoral artery with pseudoaneurysm formation.

Superficial femoral artery muscular branch avulsion may occasionally be associated with blunt trauma in the absence of fractures or even minor injuries. Spontaneous rupture of the superficial femoral artery or its muscular branches is extremely rare, with only five previously reported cases. We report the first case of bilateral spontaneous rupture of the muscular branch of the superficial femoral artery with pseudoaneurysm formation in a young, healthy patient. The patient denied any history of trauma to both his lower limbs. On both occasions, the patient had early surgical intervention with open evacuation of the hematoma and ligation of the avulsed artery. The patient recovered completely without any postoperative complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of intra-arterially induced alpha-receptor blockade upon resistance in collateral arteries in patients with occlusion of the superficial femoral artery.

The effect of intra-arterially phentolamine inducing alpha-receptor blockade upon the resistance in collateral arteries bypassing an occlusion of the femoral artery was studied in five patients. The patients were placed on a tilt table and the measurements were performed with the patients in supine position and titled 40 degrees (head-up). Arterial blood pressure was measured directly in the brachial-common femoral-and popliteal artery. Relative blood flow was calculated as the relative change in arterio-venous oxygen saturation. Head-up tilt caused a decrease in blood flow of about 35% corresponding to an increase in total vascular resistance of 38%. Resistance in collateral arteries increased by 45%. In supine position alpha-receptor blockade reduced collateral resistance by 17%. However, the title-induced constriction of the collateral arteries was blocked by 87%. The results indicate that the constriction of the collateral arteries bypassing an occlusion of the superficial femoral artery is mainly mediated via sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor fibres.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Limitations of the femoral artery pulsatility index with aortoiliac artery stenosis: an experimental study.

Relationships between femoral artery pulsatility index (PI) (a number calculated from Doppler-derived arterial blood velocity waveforms) and three directly measured physiologic parameters (proximal artery stenosis, blood pressure index (BPI), and blood flow) were studied in a canine model. All combinations of stenoses were constructed, including 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% reduction in a cross-sectional area in the infrarenal aorta and/or left common iliac artery of 14 animals. PIs, BPIs, and mean blood flows were measured for each stenosis pattern at both the right (control) and left femoral arteries. Three groups were studied--group I, the left femoral artery remained open; group II, the left femoral artery was ligated; and group III, a left femoral arteriovenous fistula was constructed. Correlations between reductions in femoral artery PI and increasing arterial stenosis as well as decreasing BPI and blood flow were obtained. However, positive correlations were weak and only recognized when high-grade stenoses were present. Moreover, these correlations were further influenced by the multiplicity of stenoses present as well as flow velocity into the distal arterial bed. These data suggest that PI lacks the sensitivity to be a clinically useful diagnostic test.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Intra-arterial adriamycin chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Semiselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with compression of the femoral arteries at the time of injection.

Twenty patients with bladder cancer were treated by semiselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with Adriamycin. Ten of them were given the agent while the femoral arteries were compressed, to prevent loss of the agent into the external iliac arteries. The other ten were given Adriamycin without this compression. Clinical and pathological responses of tumor and the side-effects were examined in these two groups. The results of the comparative study led us to the conclusion that the compression technique is a simple and valuable means of decreasing the side-effects of Adriamycin and increasing tumor response.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effects of indomethacin, prostaglandins E2 and I2 on the tone of human isolated femoral arteries.

Strips of endothelium-denuded femoral arteries from operated patients were set up for isometric recording. Indomethacin (IND, 3 mumol 1(-1] enhanced basal tension of the arteries from 0.13 +/- 0.04 to 0.86 +/- 0.12 mN (P less than 0.001; n = 16) and potentiated the contractile responses of the strips to noradrenaline (NA); EC50 for NA was 1.5 +/- 0.3 mumol 1(-1) (n = 6) in the absence, and 0.4 +/- 0.07 mumol 1(-1) (n = 6) in the presence of IND (P less than 0.01). PGI2 produced dose-related relaxation in IND-treated vessels, its IC50 being 15.0 +/- 1.3 nmol 1(-1). Low concentrations of PGE2 (0.85-8.5 nmol 1(-1] reduced whereas its higher concentrations (28-85 nmol 1(-1] increased smooth muscle tone in the presence of IND. These results indicate that human femoral arteries--unlike femoral arteries of some laboratory animals--are highly sensitive to cyclooxygenase inhibition as well as to PGI2 and PGE2.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Interposition grafting for reoperation on the common femoral artery.

PURPOSE: This report details our experience with common femoral artery resection and Dacron interposition grafting in the management of vascular reoperations involving the common femoral artery. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Consecutive reoperative patients who had common femoral artery interposition grafting for arteriosclerotic occlusive disease from 1986 to 1997. INTERVENTIONS: Common femoral artery resection and interposition grafting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative morbidity and mortality rates and long-term patency, limb salvage, patient survival, freedom-from-graft-infection, and freedom-from-reoperation rates. RESULTS: Ninety-nine common femoral arteries (16 bilateral) were resected and replaced with Dacron interposition grafts in 83 patients (50 male, 33 female; mean age, 65 years) who had had 237 previous ipsilateral common femoral artery operations (mean, 2.4 operations; range, 1-9 operations). Simultaneous infrainguinal bypass grafts were performed in 52 operations (53%), and 60 operations (61%) were performed in patients who had had previous ipsilateral proximal bypass grafts. Operative mortality was 2%, with a 14% rate of perioperative wound complications. Mean follow-up time was 22 months. One- and 3-year assisted primary patency rates for the interposition grafts were 90% and 77%, respectively. Both 1- and 3-year life-table-determined limb salvage rates were 95%. One- and 3-year life-table-determined freedom-from-reoperation rates were 74% and 43%, respectively. One- and 3-year life-table-determined freedom-from-infection rates were 99% and 92%, respectively. One- and 3-year life-table-determined survival rates were 82% and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Common femoral artery resection and Dacron interposition grafting are safe, and they obviate many difficulties associated with reoperative common femoral artery surgery with satisfactory long-term results.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High flow attenuates relaxation by acetylcholine in isolated perfused canine femoral arteries.

The effect of changes in flow on endothelial-dependent and -independent dilation of isolated perfused arteries was determined. Femoral arteries from ten dogs were excised and mounted in a vessel bath containing a physiological salt solution (PSS) at 37 degrees C, bubbled with 95% O2-5% CO2. The vessel outer diameter was measured using an ultrasonic crystal dimension system. Arteries were perfused with PSS at a steady flow of 1 ml/s at 90 mmHg. Tone was induced in the arteries by the addition of phenylephrine to the vessel bath. Acetylcholine (six dogs) and sodium nitroprusside (four dogs) were added to the perfusate in a cumulative fashion and changes in vessel diameter were recorded until maximum vasodilation was achieved. Dose-response relationships to the agents were determined with each vessel perfused at 1 and 4 ml/s. Sensitivity to each agent was measured as the ED50 value calculated from the respective dose-response relationships. Sensitivity to acetylcholine, but not sodium nitroprusside, was significantly decreased in arteries perfused at 4 ml/s versus 1 ml/s [acetylcholine ED50: 1 ml/s = (0.79 +/- 0.31) x 10(-8) mol/l, 4 ml/s = (1.55 +/- 0.60) x 10(-8) mol/l, P less than 0.05; sodium nitroprusside ED50: 1 ml/s = (2.57 +/- 0.12) x 10(-7) mol/l, 4 ml/s = (2.69 +/- 0.60) x 10(-7) mol/l, not significant]. We conclude that high flow decreases sensitivity to acetylcholine in canine femoral arteries and suggest that vascular reactivity to this agent may be modified by changes in shear on the vascular endothelium.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1997

Relation of coronary artery disease to atherosclerotic disease in the aorta, carotid, and femoral arteries evaluated by ultrasound.

This prospective study was conducted to correlate the presence of angiographically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerotic disease in the aorta, carotid, and femoral arteries as measured by ultrasound. One hundred two consecutive patients admitted for coronary angiography for suspected CAD participated in the study. All patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis and B-mode ultrasound for evaluation of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis. Intimal-medial thickness > 1 mm in the thoracic aorta or peripheral vessels was considered as evidence of atherosclerosis. Patients with CAD (n = 64) had a significantly higher incidence of atherosclerotic plaques in the thoracic aorta, carotid, and femoral arteries than subjects with normal coronary arteries: 91%, 72%, 77% vs 31%, 47% and 42%, respectively. Extracoronary plaque was a stronger predictor of CAD than conventional risk factors. Evidence of plaque in patients younger than median age (64 years) had a higher specificity than in patients above median age (77% vs 40%, respectively, p <0.0001). Plaque score of the extracardiac vessels was significantly higher in patients with multivessel CAD than in patients with 1-vessel CAD disease and in subjects with normal coronary arteries (p <0.001). Thus, atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic and femoral arteries and, to a lesser extent, in the carotid arteries are strong predictors of CAD.

Adult↗