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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Prediction of one second forced expiratory volume after lung resection using multiple view lung perfusion images and "regions of interest" quantitative analysis].

In 17 patients mostly with bronchial carcinoma undergoing pneumonectomy (N = 2) or lobectomy (N = 15) multiple view lung perfusion images with 99mTc-MAA and "regions of interest" quantitative analysis of functional distributions to each lung or lobe (MV-ROI) were used for predicting postoperative FEV1. For comparison, other two methods were also conducted, i.e. the split function study by lung perfusion images combined with subtraction of segmental function (SF+SS) and the simple subtraction of segmental function (SSS). The correlation between predicted postoperative FEV1 and actual FEV1 measured 3-6 months after lung resection was better by MV-ROI method than by the other two. In all patients the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.957, 0.923 and 0.887 by three methods respectively; in lobectomy patients the (r) was 0.948, 0.907 and 0.869 by three methods respectively (all P less than 0.001). The mean error (liters), mean percent error and median of percent error between predicted and observed FEV1 in MV-ROI were less than in SF+SS or SSS. The difference between error of MV-ROI and error of SF+SS or SSS was significant, while the difference between error of SF+SS and error of SSS was insignificant. The number of cases having the error greater than 10% was 3,5,8 in all patients and 3,5,7 in lobectomy patients by three methods respectively. There was a tendency of overestimation in MV-ROI, which was attributed to the old age of our patients whose pulmonary functions recovered slowly and to the short period of the follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Longitudinal changes in forced expiratory volume in one second in adults. Methodologic considerations and findings in healthy nonsmokers.

Longitudinal changes in FEV1 (delta FEV1) have been examined in a sample of the general population of Tucson, Arizona. Adults with satisfactory spirometric tests in all 7 surveys performed over a period of 11 yr showed some between-survey differences in mean FEV1. Although small in absolute magnitude, such survey biases (which would be impossible to detect unless multiple spirometric tests were carried out on a relatively large group of subjects) could have a marked effect on calculated changes in FEV1 and may explain the widely divergent delta FEV1 values reported in the literature. After adjusting for survey biases, the relationships of delta FEV1 to age, sex, and body size were examined in "healthy" nonsmokers in the population who were followed for an average of 9.6 yr. The FEV1 showed an accelerating decline with age, and delta FEV1 was best explained by a model of proportional change in which it is a function of Age X Height3. Longitudinally determined delta FEV1 showed much less decline in function and a later apparent age of onset of decline than suggested by cross-sectional analyses. While small "learning effects" in longitudinal calculations cannot be excluded, most of the cross-sectional versus longitudinal differences are probably ascribable to past events that have adversely affected the FEV1 in older adults, thereby increasing cross-sectional age effects. Present findings also suggest that generally applicable "prediction equations" for delta FEV1 probably cannot be developed and that delta FEV1 values should only be compared between groups studied in an identical manner within a given study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second after sham bronchoconstrictor in suggestible but not suggestion-resistant asthmatic subjects: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Randomized controlled trials in asthma often demonstrate a benefit from placebo interventions, although no study has yet characterized this group of placebo responders. Literature points to the importance of suggestion in asthma, and we reasoned that patients' level of suggestibility might influence their likelihood of responding to placebo-like suggestion. METHODS: To determine whether suggestion differentially influenced airway tone in preselected suggestible compared with suggestion-resistant asthmatics, we performed a prospective, double-blind, crossover pilot study in which subjects were identified as being suggestible or suggestion-resistant using the Creative Imagination Scale. Responses to inhaled saline were assessed using FEV1 and a modified Borg scale after the suggestion that the saline was a bronchoconstrictor and subsequently a bronchodilator. RESULTS: Five of eight suggestible subjects compared with one of nine suggestion-resistant subjects demonstrated a fall in FEV1 greater than 150 ml in response to inhaled saline and suggestion of bronchoconstriction (p =.027). Fourteen subjects experienced dyspnea in response to sham bronchoconstrictor, but none reported increased dyspnea after sham bronchodilator. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that subjects with asthma have been categorized as suggestible or nonsuggestible with this distinction then used to predict response to an intervention. The results of this pilot study suggest that a subgroup of suggestible asthmatic patients is more likely to respond to a placebo-like sham bronchoconstriction challenge. The data support earlier observations that psychological factors may influence asthma, and provide insights into the placebo response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Determination of forced expiratory volume (FEV 1) and maximal peak expiratory flow within the scope of routine diagnosis in general practice].

In 5 Viennese general practice offices we investigated patients by spirometry with the following indications: differential diagnosis of dyspnea; every 3rd smoker of more than 10 cigarettes a day (including asymptomatic ones); cough and nasal disorders of more than 4 weeks duration; indicative physical findings (cyanosis or auscultation). The sample control group was matched for age and gender and did not have any symptoms characteristic of the indication group. Nevertheless a spirometric test was also carried out in these patients. A total of 212 patients were examined in 4673 consultations on 202 workdays in the 5 offices. In the group of 109 patients 62 (56.9%) had dyspnea and/or positive signs on auscultation. Of these 62 patients 39 (62.9%) had 1 or more positive findings either from PEF or FEV 1 or both. There were significantly more referrals for X-rays in case of abnormal lung function. The control group of 103 obviously healthy persons in particular showed a significantly higher number of abnormal PEF values than expected (31 persons, 30.1%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Changes in forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate across a work shift among unexposed blue collar workers.

Pre- and postshift spirometry was obtained on 1,113 blue collar workers employed at 35 work sites judged to have no hazardous occupational respiratory exposures on the basis of inspection visits and environmental sampling. In addition to spirometry, a standardized questionnaire was administered by trained personnel. A study population of 944 remained after exclusion of workers for incomplete demographic data and/or spirometry with poor within-session reproducibility, i.e., greater than or equal to 10% variability in the two largest values of either FVC and/or FEV1. Overall mean values of changes across the work shift in FEV1 and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were -0.8% (-0.04 L) and +2.1% (+0.13 L/s), respectively. Standard deviations for these across-shift changes were 5.8% (0.19 L) and 13.2% (1.19 L/s) for FEV1 and PEFR, respectively. In univariate analyses, mean values of across-shift changes were not statistically related to age, race, sex, smoking status, work shift, or FEV1/FVC ratio. However, variability (i.e., standard deviation) of across-shift changes were significantly related to some of these factors. These observations provide a basis for interpreting results of occupational respiratory morbidity surveys involving measurement of changes in FEV1 and/or PEFR across a work shift.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of a new ambulatory spirometer for measuring forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate.

A new pocket-sized ambulatory spirometer (meter) that measures FEV1 and PEFR was evaluated. The meter determines flow rate (V) from the differential pressure (P1-P2) across a sharp-edged orifice (V alpha square root of[P1-P2]). Ten meters were evaluated for accuracy using a computerized syringe to deliver the 24 ATS-recommended waveforms and nine scaled versions of a single waveform (PW#24). Within-meter reproducibility of FEV1 and PEFR was evaluated in two meters by passing five versions of waveform PW#24 through each meter 10 times. Reliability in the ambulatory setting was assessed in six meters on several occasions over a 10-week period using five versions of waveform PW#24. Results show that the 10 meters conform to the ATS accuracy specifications for PEFR with one or less errors and marginally outside these limits for FEV1 with four errors. For the nine versions of PW#24, the 95% confidence intervals indicate that the meter is accurate to within +/- 5.5% or +/- 15 L/min for PEFR and +/- 3.5% or +/- 0.12 L for FEV1. The mean within-meter coefficient of variation was 1.24% for FEV1 and 0.35% for PEFR. There was no significant change in meter accuracy or performance over the 10-wk reliability study. We conclude that the meter is suitable for use as an ambulatory spirometer for measuring FEV1 and PEFR.

Altitude↗
PubMed1994

Aluminium potroom asthma confirmed by monitoring of forced expiratory volume in one second.

Chronic airflow obstruction has long been seen among aluminium potroom workers. Currently referred to as "potroom asthma," it is debatable as to whether it is occupational asthma or nonspecific airway obstruction. A 35-yr-old male lifelong nonsmoker, with no history of asthma or atopy, was hired by an aluminium plant that had begun its operation in 1986. Preemployment screening, consisting of spirometry and a chest radiograph, was normal. During his 12-h shifts, he replaced 10 to 20 anodes (prebake type), spending 5 min each time close to open pots releasing hot fumes. The patient experienced episodes of cough and dyspnea, which were resolved during withdrawal from work in January and December 1991. He resumed work in the potrooms in March 1992, his dyspnea recurred at work and at night with 25% drops in peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), associated with mild-to-moderate bronchial hyperresponsiveness (PC20 histamine, 1.0 mg/ml). After a chest physician's assessment, he was withdrawn from the potroom department. Assessment of the bronchial response to the occupational exposure in potrooms carried out in November 1992 revealed a pattern of dual asthmatic response, paralleled by a drop in PC20 methacholine from 5.1 to 0.7 mg/ml. A similar pattern was seen again during repeat workplace challenges 3 wk later. Spirometry obtained on control days was stable. We conclude that asthmatic reactions can exist among workers in aluminium smelters.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Genetic and environmental influences on forced expiratory volume in African Americans: the Carolina African-American Twin Study of Aging.

OBJECTIVES: Previous research found measures of pulmonary functioning to be strong predictors of cognitive functioning and mortality; however, there is considerable individual variability in performance on these measures. In the present analyses, the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences to variability in average peak expiratory flow rate (APEFR) are examined in a sample of adult African-American twins. DESIGN: Birth records from North Carolina Register of Deeds offices were used to identify participants for the Carolina African-American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA). Participants completed an in-person interview, which included measures of health status, cognition, and psychosocial measures. PARTICIPANTS: Data for the analysis come from 200 pairs of same sex twins (97 identical pairs, and 113 fraternal), with a mean age = 46.9 years (SD = 13.9), and with 39% of the sample being men. RESULTS: Phenotypic correlations between APEFR, age, gender, height, and cigarette consumption (measured in pack years), were all significant, ranging from -.63 to .43. After the affects of age, gender, height, and pack years were partialled out of APEFR, quantitative genetic analyses were conducted on the residuals. Model fitting demonstrated that variance in APEFR was accounted for by shared environmental effects (30%), genetic effects (14%), and non-shared environmental effects (56%). CONCLUSION: These results are discussed in relation to previous research conducted in other countries, and the importance of a complex systems approach to explanations of the impact of genes on central indices of health, such as APEFR.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Clinical safety of SonoVue, a new contrast agent for ultrasound imaging, in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety profile of SonoVue, a new echo-contrast agent based on stabilized sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) microbubbles, in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Safety and tolerability of SonoVue were evaluated in 66 healthy volunteers during two placebo-controlled phase I studies (a single intravenous ascending-dose study in 36 volunteers given SonoVue doses of 0.003 to 0.12 mL/kg and a multiple-dose study in 30 subjects given cumulative doses of 0.15 to 0.6 mL/kg) and in 12 patients with COPD of various degrees of clinical severity, who were given SonoVue at a dosage of 4 mL (corresponding to 0.057 mL/kg in a 70-kg patient). Adverse events were monitored up to 48 to 72 hours after administration. All volunteers underwent extensive safety assessments (monitoring of vital signs, electrocardiogram, blood oxygen saturation, laboratory assessments, and Mini-Mental test) up to 24 to 72 hours after administration. In addition, patients with COPD underwent specific lung function tests, such as forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, and forced midexpiratory flow. RESULTS: No serious adverse events occurred throughout the study. All nonserious adverse events were minor, mild, and rapidly self-resolving. No difference in the incidence of adverse events was observed among the various dosages of SonoVue and between SonoVue and placebo. There were no clinically significant changes in any of the safety assessments. No statistically significant differences between SonoVue and placebo were observed in mean forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, or forced midexpiratory flow levels. No substantial changes from baseline in blood oxygen saturation were observed for either study agent at any postinjection time point. CONCLUSIONS: SonoVue showed a good safety profile both in healthy subjects and in patients with COPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The necessity of building population specific prediction equations for clinical assessment of pulmonary function tests.

UNLABELLED: Fitting adequate prediction equations for pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters is crucial in the analysis of lung function tests and their interpretation. Our work aimed at studying the necessity of building population specific prediction equations, rather than using prediction equations built-in in commercial equipment. We used as an example results of studies carried out among Israeli schoolchildren. Second to sixth grade children (7-13 years old), 1064 boys and 1211 girls, were studied in Tel-Aviv. PFT (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1st second, peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow in 50% volume, forced expiratory flow in 75% volume) performed by these children were adjusted for height, weight and age, for each sex separately, by a multiple regression procedure. Predicted PFT parameters of 300 boys and 301 girls aged 7-13 years, living along the southern shore of Israel, were calculated using the equations built for the same aged Tel-Aviv children as well as the prediction equations built-in in the spirometer used. The ratios between the observed PFT parameters in the southern children and their expected values, using the Israeli population specific equations, were around 1.00. Using the built-in equations resulted in ratios around 0.90. CONCLUSION: The development of population specific prediction equations for PFT parameters is necessary. Such equations should be used both in clinical assessment to minimize misclassification (healthy/sick child) and in epidemiological studies.

Body Height↗