SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Genetic correlation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

Heritability and genetic correlations of body weight and surgically removed abdominal fat in Coturnix quail.

Thirty-seven male Coturnix quail were weighed (99 g) and anesthetized. The leaf fat (1.35 g) was surgically removed from these birds at 58 days of age. Ten days later, they were single-pair mated and produced 141 male and 137 female offspring. The offspring weighed 107 g (males) and 114 g (females) at 58 days of age and had 2.53 g (male) and 1.31 g (female) of leaf fat. Estimates of heritability of body weight were .74 +/- .21 (sire-son regression), .69 +/- .22 (sire-daughter regression), .67 +/- .18 (full-sib analysis for males), and .73 +/- .18 (full-sib analysis for females). Heritability estimates of leaf fat were .71 +/- .33 (sire-son regression), .58 +/- .34 (sire-daughter regression), .65 +/- .18 (full-sib analysis for males), and .33 +/- .17 (full-sib analysis for females). Genetic correlations between body weight and leaf fat using the sire-offspring relationship were .77 +/- .10 and .74 +/- .22 for sons and 1.01 and .90 +/- .06 for daughters when estimated by arithmetic and geometric methods, respectively. Corresponding genetic correlations from the full-sib analyses were .82 +/- .08 (males) and .55 +/- .21 (females). Environmental correlations were .80 +/- .11 (males) and .87 +/- .47 (females), and phenotypic correlations were .82 +/- .09 (males) and .64 +/- .28 (females). Males had the highest percent of fat (2.5%) as compared with females (1.2%), a reversal of the broiler chicken relationship. The surgical technique developed in this experiment might be used for estimating abdominal fat in young chicken broilers. It was concluded that Coturnix quail could be used as a pilot animal in abdominal fat research provided due caution was taken of the differences between the two species.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1999

Genetic correlations among protein yield, productive life, and type traits from the United States and diseases other than mastitis from Denmark and Sweden.

Sire genetic evaluations for protein yield, productive life, and selected type traits from the US were correlated with sire evaluations for disease from Denmark and Sweden and were then adjusted to approximate genetic correlations. Disease categories from Denmark included reproductive diseases, foot and leg diseases, metabolic and digestive diseases, and all diseases other than mastitis. Genetic evaluations for Denmark were from separate analyses for each disease category using a multiple-trait sire model with first, second, and third lactations handled as multiple traits. Evaluations from Sweden for all diseases other than mastitis were from a single-trait sire model using only first lactations. In addition, Danish and Swedish genetic evaluations were regressed on US type evaluations to test for quadratic relationships. Relationships were based on 104 bulls with US and Danish evaluations (88 with US type) and 84 bulls with US and Swedish evaluations (83 with US type). Genetic correlations between US protein yield and diseases were unfavorable, but correlations were favorable between productive life and disease. Genetic correlations among US type and diseases were around zero, except for correlations with US dairy form (range -0.34 to -0.73). Genetic correlations calculated from residual correlations (adjusted for predicted transmitting abilities for milk) between productive life and diseases were favorable (range 0.29 to 0.51). Genetic correlations calculated from residual correlations (adjusted for predicted transmitting abilities for milk) between dairy form and diseases ranged from -0.10 to -0.53. Selection for increased productive life may reduce disease occurrences, but selection for higher dairy form scores will increase disease occurrences.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Genetic correlations among growth, feed, and carcass traits of broiler sire and dam populations.

Genetic correlations based on sire variance and covariance components were estimated for broiler traits. Data were collected from various selected and control strains of sire and dam populations during five generations of selection. Results of analyses of variance for each of the strains within generations and populations were pooled across strains and generations. Correlations between body and carcass weights were all above .8. Weight gain (WG) had similar correlations with these traits with the exception of body weight at 28 days (.57 in site and .69 in dam populations). Body and carcass weights and WG had high correlations with feed consumption (FC) (greater than .7); however, values for feed efficiency (FE) varied: -.58, -.23 for 28-day body weight; -.17, .16 for 42-day body weight; .25, .43 for WG; and .53 in the dam population for carcass weight. Correlations of body and carcass weights and WG with abdominal fat weight (AFW) and percentage (AFP) were generally small to moderate with values being about half as large for AFP as for AFW. Feed consumption and FE were negatively correlated (-.51, -.22) in both populations. In the dam population, FC was positively correlated with AFW and AFP (.42, .55) but FE was negatively correlated with these traits (-.41, -.70). Abdominal fat weight and AFP were highly correlated (.99, .97). Values tended to be similar not only for these populations but also for this and other studies. Simultaneous genetic improvement of growth rate, FE and carcass leanness is feasible in broilers. Selection for WG, FE, and AFP should be effective.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2004

Epidemiological and genetic correlates of incident Chlamydia trachomatis infection in North American adolescents.

Epidemiological and genetic correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were examined prospectively in 124 male and 361 female adolescents at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Seventy percent of subjects were African American, and 68% had HIV-1 infection. As expected, younger age (<17 years), multiple sex partners (> or =2), and prior chlamydial infection predicted chlamydial infection during a 6-56-month follow-up period (P=.02, P=.02, and P=.03, respectively). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II variant DQB1*06 (mostly *0602 and *0603) was associated with chlamydial infection (49% vs. 34%; adjusted relative odds [RO], 1.8; P=.005), as was HLA class I haplotype B*44-Cw*04 (10% vs. 4%; RO, 3.2; P=.009). DQB1*06 was found in 9 (75%) of 12 female adolescents with chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease. In contrast, sex, ethnicity, and HIV-1 infection did not predict chlamydial infection. These findings suggest that antigen presentation in adaptive immune responses may serve as a major factor in effective control of C. trachomatis infection. The underlying mechanisms remain to be experimentally elucidated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Genetic correlation between two types of nesting in Mus musculus: direct and indirect selection.

The genetic correlation between maternal nesting (weight of cotton used in the nest built on the day of parturition) and thermoregulatory nesting (total weight of individual nests built on four consecutive days) was estimated from the correlated response of the former to selection for the latter. The best estimate was rA = 0.58 +/- 0.32, indicating a substantial amount of common genetic influence. Indirect selection seems to have produced a greater response in maternal nesting than could have been achieved by direct selection.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Genetic correlations among fatty acid compositions in different sites of fat tissues, meat production, and meat quality traits in Duroc pigs.

This study estimated genetic parameters for fatty acids of different sites of fat tissue, meat production, and meat quality traits of Duroc pigs selected during 7 generations for ADG, LM area, backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat (IMF). For this study, 394 barrows and 153 gilts were slaughtered at 105 kg of BW. High heritabilities for C18:0 of outer and inner subcutaneous fat tissue were estimated, respectively, as 0.54 and 0.51; those of intermuscular and intramuscular fat were 0.40 and 0.51, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of ADG and BF with saturated fatty acids of outer and inner subcutaneous fat were positive, but those with C16:1 and C18:2 were negative, and those with C18:1 were nearly zero. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between LM area and respective fatty acids showed opposite results. Respective genetic and phenotypic correlations of melting points with C18:0 and C18:1 were positive and high, and negative and high, respectively. Genetic correlations between cooking loss and SFA (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) of IMF were positive and moderate: 0.56, 0.47, and 0.47, respectively. On the other hand, monosaturated fatty acid of C18:1 was highly and negatively correlated with cooking loss (-0.61). Moreover, high genetic correlation between meat color (pork color standard and lightness) and fatty acid compositions of IMF suggest that the SFA (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) were correlated genetically with meat lightness and that unsaturated fatty acid compositions (C18:1 and C18:2) were correlated with meat darkness. Results of this study suggest that the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue is correlated genetically with meat production and meat quality traits.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2004

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 concentration is genetically correlated with insulin resistance, obesity, and HDL concentration in Mexican Americans.

The metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are associated with endothelial activation (and thus with inflammatory processes leading to atherosclerosis), but the mechanisms that underlie these associations are not fully understood. Endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 plays an important role in the recruitment of immune cells during the development of atherosclerotic plaque and is a marker of inflammatory disease. We performed bivariate quantitative genetic analyses to estimate genetic and environmental correlations between circulating ICAM-1 concentration and 17 phenotypes associated with the metabolic syndrome. Our study population comprised 428 adults in 20 extended Mexican-American families from the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS). Circulating ICAM-1 concentration is heritable (h(2) = 0.56). ICAM-1 concentration showed significant positive genetic correlations (range 0.32-0.52, P < 0.05) with fasting insulin, insulin 2 h after oral glucose challenge, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, BMI, waist circumference, and leptin concentration; negative genetic correlation with HDL3 cholesterol concentration; and negative environmental correlation with adiponectin concentration. Significant genetic correlations were not found between ICAM-1 and fasting or 2-h serum glucose or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Thus, ICAM-1 expression may share common genetic modulation with traits related to obesity, insulin resistance, and HDL3 cholesterol, but not with hyperglycemia or hypertension per se.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1988

Comparison between factor analysis from a phenotypic and genetic correlation matrix using linear type traits of Holstein dairy cows.

Data on 18 linear type scores and production data for 43,428 records by 228 sires were used to compare two different factor-analyses procedures. Using a genetic correlation matrix to obtain a genetic factor matrix showed that the number of derived factors could be reduced to seven genetic factors vs. eight phenotypic factors. Genetic factors provided a good summary of the data and accounted for 79.3% of the total variation vs. 69.1% expressed by eight phenotypic factors. A comparison between the use of a genetic and phenotypic multiple regression analysis showed some difference for the basic rank of factor influence on production and herdlife.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Molecular genetic and genetic correlations in sodium channelopathies: lack of founder effect and evidence for a second gene.

We present a correlation of molecular genetic data (mutations) and genetic data (dinucleotide-repeat polymorphisms) for a cohort of seven hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP) and two paramyotonia congenita (PC) families from diverse ethnic backgrounds. We found that each of three previously identified point mutations of the adult skeletal muscle sodium-channel gene occurred on two different dinucleotide-repeat haplotypes. These results indicate that dinucleotide-repeat haplotypes are not predictive of allelic heterogeneity in sodium channelopathies, contrary to previous suggestions. In addition, we identified a HyperPP pedigree in which the dominant disorder was not linked to the sodium-channel gene. Thus, a second locus can give rise to a similar clinical phenotype. Some individuals in this pedigree exhibited a base change causing the nonconservative substitution of an evolutionarily conserved amino acid. Because this change was not present in 240 normal chromosomes and was near another HyperPP mutation, is fulfilled the most commonly used criteria for being a mutation rather than a polymorphism. However, linkage studies using single-strand conformation polymorphism-derived and sequence-derived haplotypes excluded this base change as a causative mutation: these data serve as a cautionary example of potential pitfalls in the delineation of change-of-function point mutations.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Genetic correlations between body weight of cocks and production traits in laying hens, and their possible use in breeding schemes.

Genetic and phenotypic (co)variances between body weight of cocks (nm = 1,138), BWM, and production traits of hens (nf = 8,844), i.e., egg number (EN), egg weight (EW), feed intake (FI), and body weight (BWF) were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method for an animal model. Six multivariate analyses were carried out to get all desired components. Resulting heritabilities were .292, .754, .682, .732, and .790 for EN, EW, FI, BWF, and BWM, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations between BWM and EN, EW, FI, and BWF, were -.161, .338, .645, and .841, respectively. The corresponding estimates between BWF and EN, EW, and FI, were -.036, .294, and .787, respectively. The additional expected selection response in traits of hens from including BWM into the selection criterion of cocks is given for a particular structure with full- and half-sister information and different correlations between BWM and traits of hens.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Heritability and genetic correlations of test day milk yield and composition, individual laboratory cheese yield, and somatic cell count for dairy ewes.

Genetic parameters for milk yield, contents of fat, total protein, casein and serum protein, individual laboratory cheese yield, and somatic cell counts (SCC) were estimated from 7492 monthly test-day records of 1119 Churra ewes. Estimates were from multivariate REML using analytical gradients (AG-REML) procedures. Except for fat content, estimates for the other routinely recorded traits (milk yield, protein content, and SCC) agreed with those previously obtained in this and other dairy sheep populations. Protein content and composition had the highest heritabilities and repeatabilities. Heritabilities for protein and casein contents were very similar (0.23 and 0.21, respectively), and genetic correlation between the traits was close to unity (0.99). Accordingly, casein content is not advisable as an alternative to protein content as a selection criterion in dairy ewes; it does not have any compelling advantages and costs more to measure. Individual laboratory cheese yield (ILCY) obtained with Churra ewes had a low heritability (0.08), suggesting that potential for selection for this parameter would be possible but is not recommended. All correlations with ILCY were high and positive except for milk yield. A high SCC was accompanied by an increase in serum protein content and involved a loss in milk yield.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Genetic correlations with ethanol withdrawal severity.

A major goal of pharmacogenetic research on alcoholism remains the identification of some "marker" that could predict the liability of a particular individual for a genetic susceptibility to develop alcoholism. The present paper presents evidence that the severity of withdrawal from physical dependence on ethanol varies widely among inbred strains of mice, and that withdrawal severity is negatively genetically correlated with initial sensitivity and magnitude of tolerance to ethanol hypothermia. These correlations are supported by differences in hypothermic response between replicate lines of mice genetically selected for susceptibility and resistance to ethanol withdrawal seizures. The genetic relationships reported suggest that the effects of ethanol on thermoregulation in mice may offer a predictive marker for susceptibility to ethanol physical dependence.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗

PubMed1999

Clinical mastitis in Norwegian cattle: frequency, variance components, and genetic correlation with protein yield.

Records of clinical mastitis in first lactation Norwegian Cattle from 1978 onward were analyzed. Variance components for clinical mastitis were estimated with a linear sire model using records of more than 1.2 million cows from 2043 sires, resulting in heritability estimates of 0.035. Different strategies for extracting data gave very similar results, and estimated heritability for mastitis was the same with univariate and bivariate (with protein yield) analyses, which indicates that selection bias caused by correlated responses from other traits in the breeding goal is not a problem with this data set. The estimated genetic correlation between clinical mastitis and protein yield is 0.25.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2006

Genetic correlations between smoking initiation and smoking behaviors in a twin sample.

Early exposure to cigarettes is connected to increasing rate of regular use later in life. We examine genetic correlation between the age of first cigarette and later smoking related behaviors. The sample consisted of twin ages 25 to 75. Biometrical analysis was used to evaluate the heritabilities and a second analyses based on Cholesky decomposition determined the shared variance. The genetic variance ranged from 48% to 69%. Models comparing age of first cigarette to and smoking persistence, cessation, and number of cigarettes during year smoked most individually indicated a very small proportion of shared genetic variance (ranging from 0.004 to 0.056). These findings support separate genetic and unshared environmental processes for the age of first cigarette as compared to three other smoking related phenotypes. Research in substance abuse risk and prevention literature suggests that delaying initial exposure is a critical step reducing in the risk of later regular use. The interventional implications of the findings support the importance of a tailored approach to preventing smoking behavior and reducing harm in smokers.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Genetic correlational analysis of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and prepulse inhibition in inbred mice.

In humans, GSK-3 beta activity is diminished in schizophrenic patients as is prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI). We performed a genetic correlational analysis between published PPI values and frontal cortex GSK-3 activity analyzed in our laboratory in 10 inbred mouse strains. This methodology could indicate relevant parameters for study in an animal model. Indeed, we obtained significant correlations between the enzyme's activity and PPI measured by two different methods. This may indicate that investigation of the genetics of GSK-3 beta regulation holds promise for understanding some of the biochemical underpinnings of schizophrenia.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Genetic correlations among ethanol-related behaviors and neurotensin receptors in long sleep (LS) x short sleep (SS) recombinant inbred strains of mice.

Studies were designed to examine the hypothesis that genetic based differences in sensitivity to several behavioral effects of ethanol are mediated, in part, by shared genes and that some of ethanol's actions are mediated by brain neurotensinergic processes. In these studies we have used recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice derived from Long Sleep (LS/Ibg) and Short Sleep (SS/Ibg) lines of mice. The LS and SS mice were selectively bred to differ in hypnotic sensitivity but also differ in hypothermia and locomotor effects of ethanol. Therefore LS x SS RI strains were used to answer the question whether there are shared genetic influences on these diverse ethanol actions. Moreover, since the LS and SS mice were found to differ in neurotensin (NT) receptor densities in various brain regions, the LS x SS RI strains were used to determine associations between NT receptor densities and ethanol actions. The results showed a significant genetic correlation (r = .38) between hypnotic sensitivity and low-dose locomotor effects of ethanol and indicated multigenetic influences, with estimates of seven, four and three genes being responsible for mediating differences in hypnotic, hypothermic, and locomotor effects of ethanol, respectively. The findings are consistent with one or more genes having pleiotropic effects on these ethanol actions.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1986

Genetic correlation between circadian eclosion rhythm and photoperiodic diapause in Drosophila littoralis.

Populations of Drosophila littoralis are known to be latitudinally highly variable in photoperiodic adult diapause and pupal eclosion rhythm. Phenotypic correlations between the two time-measuring systems among the strains from different latitudes are, however, weak. In the present study, two differing strains were crossed reciprocally in order to search for causal (genetic) correlations between the two traits in the strains. Segregation in the F2 generations showed that variation in each trait was based on a few variable loci only. In the F2, flies having different eclosion times also differed in their diapause. This association was not complete and could have been due to genetic linkage between the traits. For that reason, the hybrid generations were raised for eight generations more to allow recombination between the traits. In F8, selection against diapause was started in the lines by raising them in a light-dark cycle of 15:9, where only females of the southern type reproduce. After eight selected generations, the lines were studied for the traits. Diapause was completely of the southern type, and the eclosion rhythm had also changed in parallel. The change in the phase of the free-running rhythm was not complete. From the present experiment, and from earlier knowledge of the geographical variation in D. littoralis, I conclude that the same pacemaker that is seen in the eclosion rhythm could also participate in daylength measurement for diapause. However, there are also noncorrelated variable parts in the measuring systems of both traits, which may mask the correlated variation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Score statistic to test for genetic correlation for proband-family design.

In genetic epidemiological studies informative families are often oversampled to increase the power of a study. For a proband-family design, where relatives of probands are sampled, we derive the score statistic to test for clustering of binary and quantitative traits within families due to genetic factors. The derived score statistic is robust to ascertainment scheme. We considered correlation due to unspecified genetic effects and/or due to sharing alleles identical by descent (IBD) at observed marker locations in a candidate region. A simulation study was carried out to study the distribution of the statistic under the null hypothesis in small data-sets. To illustrate the score statistic, data from 33 families with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) were analyzed. In addition to the binary outcome DM2 we also analyzed the quantitative outcome, body mass index (BMI). For both traits familial aggregation was highly significant. For DM2, also including IBD sharing at marker D3S3681 as a cause of correlation gave an even more significant result, which suggests the presence of a trait gene linked to this marker. We conclude that for the proband-family design the score statistic is a powerful and robust tool for detecting clustering of outcomes.

Alleles↗