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A case of juvenile hypothyroidism is presented showing evidence of delayed shedding of deciduous teeth, root development, eruption of permanent teeth as well as retarded skeletal growth. Changes in dental and skeletal ages were of varying degrees following two years of treatment with L-thyroxine.
A study of hard tissue and soft tissue contour and growth on normal occlusion among Chinese population was made by means of computerized radiographic cephalometrics. Correlation analysis and polygon methods were applied to analyse the profile contour. The result showed that the dento-skeletal pattern and integumental contour were not necessarily alike, the diversity could be quite prominent. As to the growth change features in soft-tissue and hard-tissue structure, we found that the growth behavior of the lips seemed to show a tendency to follow the dental structure directly. The bony profile tended to become less convex with aging, while the soft-tissue profile remained stable in its degree of convexity.
The kinetics of growth, development, carotenogenesis and changes in the composition of the reaction medium were studied in the course of Mycobacterium rubrum batch cultivation in synthetic and complex media. The culture growth was found to be composed of five phases in the synthetic medium and of four phases in the complex medium. When the culture was grown in the synthetic medium, the phenomenon of distinct diauxy was recorded by changes in the specific growth rate as well as the economic and metabolic coefficients. These growth changes were shown to be associated with the fact that the culture started to assimilate sucrose instead of glucose at the subsequent growth phases, and carbotenogenesis was found to be uncoupled with the period of active biomass and protein synthesis.
The study aimed to analyse the short- und long-term changes in condyle position in Class II/1 malocclusions treated with the Herbst appliance. Cephalometric reoentgenograms from a Herbst group (n = 30, mean age 12.1 years) were compared to those of a Control group (n = 12, mean age 11.0 years). The total observation period was 3 1/2 years. Centric occlusion and mouth open profile roentgenograms (to visualize the condyle) were analysed at four occasions. Mandibular tracings from the mouth open headfilms were superimposed on the centric occlusion headfilms using the Nasion-Sella-Line (NSL) for reference. NSL and its perpendicle NSLP through Sella (S) were used as a reference grid for linear measurements. When starting Herbst treatment the condyle was displaced 6 mm anteriorly and caudally. After 7 months of treatment the condyle was located 0.8 mm caudally to the pre-treatment position. No difference existed, however, between the Herbst and Control group. During the total observation period of 3 1/2 years the condyle in both examination groups moved caudally and posteriorly. This was thought to be a result of normal growth changes. It was concluded that Herbst treatment did not have an adverse effect on the position of the condyle.
The aim of this longitudinal study was to cephalometrically assess growth changes of the craniofacial system in five cases with completed unilateral cleft of lip and palate, aged 8-11 years. Two types of study were performed: a) superimposition of cephalometric tracings of the lateral skull radiographs in two growth stages; b) metric analysis of SNA, SNB, NSAr, SArGo, ArGoMe angles, as well as S-Go:N-Me percentages. On the basis of the results obtained from this study, it was found posterior growth rotation in 4 out of 5 cases, bimaxillary rethrognathism, and a decrease of the SNA and an increase of the SNB angles during the growth period investigated.
Growth changes associated with formation of the secondary palate were studied in H-Velaz mouse embryos by morphometric measurement of medial sagittal sections of the heads between days 13 and 15 of embryonic development. Horizontalization of the palatine processes depends primarily on the length of the mandible and is effected by a shift of palatine process material into the supralingual space. The administration of 7.5 mg cortisone acetate im to the female on day 12, of 0.5 mg 6-aminonicotinamide im on day 14, or amniocentesis on day 14 significantly retards growth of the embryo in general and of the mandible in particular without significantly affecting deflexion of the skull base. The different spatial conditions created by disproportion between deflexion of the base and the length of the mandible cause irregularities in the course of horizontalization which lead, as a rule, to cleft palate.
Effects of Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha on Malignant Tumors in vivo/Pathophysiological fundamentals for clinical oncology. The impact of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF-alpha; 6.6.10(6) U/mg protein) on growth, metabolism and perfusion of isotransplanted rat tumors (DS-carcinosarcomas) was investigated. Tumor growth was stimulated at low TNF doses (1 and 10 micrograms/kg), and significantly retarded at higher TNF dose levels (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg). Growth changes were paralleled by variations in perfusion and metabolism. A reduced tumor blood flow enhanced the efficacy of a subsequent heat treatment. From these results, important implications for the clinical use of rhTNF-alpha are obvious (e.g., possible growth stimulation, timing of a combination therapy with other tumor treatment modalities).
The purpose of this study is to investigate postnatal developmental changes in the shape of the maxilla. Normal maxillary form at each development stage and amounts of growth were analyzed by longitudinally measuring 136 Indian skulls. Maxillary growth changes were assumed on the basis of mean values and growth rates of each region measured. Results 1) Vertical growth Vertical growth of the maxilla (N-Pr) at the fifth (permanent-dentition) stage approximately doubled growth in the first (pre-eruption) stage. The corpus of the maxilla and its alveolar process lay beneath the foramen infraorbit. Vertical growth in this region (m-Pr) increases rapidly during the period of eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth. In permanent dentition, the vertical dimensions of the upper (N-m) and lower (m-Pr) parts of the foramen infraorbit were almost the same. 2) Growth in width As the eyes grow, the upper face widens. Resulting development in the tensed zygomatic-maxillary suture at the inferior margin of the orbit expands the upper surface of maxilla. Maxillary width increased by approximately 1.8 times between the first and fifth stages.
The size, position and function of the tongue affect the surrounding jaw regions. In class III malocclusions where the tongue is involved, the treatment must be directed toward the correction of the function and the change in the oral volume proportions. These requirements are largely met by the functional prognathism appliance. Growth changes, increases in length of the upper dental arch, decreases in length of the lower dental arch and displacements of the mandible in a posterior direction were observed in the patients treated up to now.
We have previously shown synovial fluid (SF) proteoglycan concentrations to be sensitive markers of altered cartilage metabolism in arthritis. We determined the proteoglycan concentrations in sera and SF from 23 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis and in sera from 30 healthy children by a specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In both groups of children, decreasing concentrations of proteoglycans were seen during growth. Changes were most marked at the age of 12-13. The serum levels were higher in the healthy children. Our results suggest an age related metabolic change of articular cartilage, resulting in diminished release of proteoglycans to SF and blood with growing age up to 20 years. Measurement of proteoglycans could be a useful tool for studying this process.
A retrospective analysis of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring prolonged hospitalization (greater than 100 days) was carried out to determine those factors associated with fatal outcome. Twenty-three infants made up the study population. Eleven infants died and 12 survived (survivors). No differences were noted between the groups regarding ventilator requirement, radiographic changes, and medication use (digoxin, aldactazide), except for furosemide which was used twice as frequently in the group of infants who died v the group of infants who survived (P less than .001). Differences noted between the groups included moderate hypochloremia (chloride less than 80 mEq/L) in all 11 infants who died v six of 12 survivors, severe hypochloremia (chloride less than 70 mEq/L) in the nine of 11 infants who died v two of 12 survivors, metabolic alkalosis (pH greater than 7.45) in nine of 11 infants who died v three of 12 survivors, hypertension (systolic BP greater than 113 mm Hg) in eight of 11 infants who died v one of 12 survivors, decrease in head growth in ten of the 11 infants who died v one of the 12 survivors; these differences were all significant (P less than .001). The metabolic alkalosis and head growth changes appear to be related to the hypochloremia. The data suggest that chloride deficiency may be an important contributing factor in the genesis of poor outcome in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and that close attention to chloride supplementation might influence outcome.
The complexity of shape, soft nature of the facial tissues and the sensitivity of the eyes make their accurate direct measurement difficult. Short base stereophotogrammetry is three dimensional and non-invasive. This technique was used to measure the faces of 52 like-sexed twins between the ages of 9 and 16 years in a mixed longitudinal study. Certain vertical and horizontal parameters defining the eyes, the nose, the mouth and overall facial shape were remeasured and plotted for this study. Relative to the intercanthal line, the alae of nose and angles of mouth are displaced by growth, on or very near to straight lines which were not parallel, indicating a small change of proportion between nose and mouth. Their steepness is a measure of the dominance of vertical over lateral growth. Knowledge of normal growth changes will help to predict soft tissue changes produced by orthodontic or surgical treatment in the faces of children.
Follicular epithelium of Hemichromis during the periods of small and slow oocyte growth changes from flattened prismatic into high prismatic; during the periods of fast oocyte growth, the follicular epithelial cells undergo secretory specialization. Secretion is of apocrine type and forms the second oocyte tunica. According to the literature data analyzed and the author's investigation, in the development of unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelii, it should be distinguished: a) period of primary transformation with characteristic intensive proliferation of epithelial cells, their morphologic transformation, upward growth of epithelium and increase of its physiological activity; b) period of secondary transformation either at the expense of secondary follicular epithelial flattening, or by means of secretory specialization of its cells. It is suggested to name unilaminate monomorphous follicular epithelii in vertebrates according to their construction at the end of the primary and by the character of the secondary transformation. Thus, follicular epithelium of Hemichromis can be defined as highly prismatic with secondary specialization.
A large number of bacterial strains assimilating chemical ethanol has been isolated using an original technique. Active growth of strains belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and, particularly, Acinetobacter was registered on mineral media containing ethanol. A mathematical model was constructed select a strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus K-9 during its continuous cultivation on media containing ethanol. The model makes it possible to determine conditions for producing a present amount of the biomass, the percentage of its yield, and the produc;iveness as a function of the dilution rate, temperature, and the concentration of ethanol and phosphoric acid in the medium. The main characteristics of the growth process in the studied factor space were established. The optimum conditions were calculated for growth of the strain with respect to each of the criteria. Under various conditions of bacterial growth, changes in the morphology and ultra-fine structure of the cells correlated with their physiological activity. The volume of the cells increased with the rate of dilution of the medium: the process can be described by a saturation curve. The presence of mesosomal structures is typical of the cells growing at low flow rates.
In vitro exposure of rat tracheal epithelium to the tumor-promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate results in a marked increase in growth capacity. The growth changes are manifested in an increased rate of cell division and growth in primary cultures and in the establishment of permanent epithelial cell lines. Such changes did not occur in control cultures. Fourteen of the cell lines have been inoculated into immunosuppressed recipients, and all are nontumorigenic.
The two-phase pattern of penicillin biosynthesis was observed only under definite cultivation conditions. When the conditions of the culture growth changed, the productivity curve also changed. The most high productivity levels on the glucose medium and the medium with glucose and lactose were noted at the beginning and in the middle of the process respectively. Under more or less equal conditions the productivity remained at the same level.
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A study of the effects of providing high-calorie and vitamin-mineral supplements to preschool village children retarded in growth and development in Chiang Mai, Thailand was done. The preschool children of 24 villages with a population of approximately 11,000 were divided into five control and intervention groups. The interventions consisted of a village health program, high-calorie snacks, and vitamin-mineral supplements. The supplements when used were provided in day care centers for preschool children. The health and nutrition interventions used did not significantly affect growth during the study period reported from December 1981 to October 1983. Monthly changes in length and weight observed in this and a previous study indicate that growth patterns in Thai children are different from those seen in industrialized societies. Factors other than lack of nutrients and infection may be responsible for the inadequate growth often reported in developing countries.