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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A comprehensive charge system for unit supplies.

Various methods of capturing charges for supplies stocked on nursing units have been devised, such as stickers and charge slips attached to the items. Effectiveness and efficiency were not maximized through these methods. A new system customized for each unit showing daily patient charges per patient provides for an audit of inventory and for lost charges. Items from both pharmacy and central supply are included. Charge capture is maximized with relative ease for the nursing staff.

Central Supply, Hospital↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacy drug error awareness program.

Medication errors are a major concern in hospital pharmacy practice. The prevention of medication errors involves mainly the departments of pharmacy and nursing. Though there are many safeguards used to prevent medication errors, they still occur, posing potential harm to patients. To decrease the chance for medication errors to occur pharmacists must take the responsibility to expand their knowledge and teach others about frequent errors. In an effort to decrease medication errors during 1990 at Fresno Community Hospital and Medical Center, Fresno, California, the pharmacy department evaluated the errors made during the calendar year 1989. This evaluation provided information concerning the most frequently occurring medication errors. This information was used to initiate a drug error awareness program (DEAP).

California↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacy-nursing facsimile systems: set-up considerations and operational issues.

The use of facsimile (fax) machines for the electronic transmission of physician's orders from nursing areas to a hospital pharmacy has become increasingly popular. Although the uses and benefits of fax machines are straightforward in this practice setting, namely a significant decrease in order processing turn around time, the problems that may develop are often not described in the literature. This article describes some of the set-up concerns, operational problems, forms considerations, staff training, paper costs, equipment needs, transmission volume, and equipment maintenance involved with fax systems.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499↗
PubMed1985

An integrated nursing-pharmacy approach to a computerized medication dispensing/administration system.

This paper describes the collaborative efforts of the nursing and pharmacy departments to develop a nurse-generated/pharmacist-verified computerized medication administration record (MAR). The objectives were to improve accuracy in dispensing and administering medications and a avoid duplicate labor efforts created by separate records to dispense and to administer the medications. These efforts provided the nurses with an accurate record to administer the medication and the physicians with an informative record with which to review their patient's drug therapy.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Communications at the pharmacy-nursing interface.

The next evolutionary step at the pharmacy-nursing interface is the implementation of a new patient care delivery model to enhance quality and contain costs. In addition, increasingly sophisticated biotechnology drugs and drug delivery systems will require close communication and collaborative practice between pharmacy and nursing. The effective communication interface already established will form the foundation for an even closer relationship and for working together effectively and efficiently in the constantly evolving health care environment. Indeed, regardless of what the future may hold, effective communications and resultant teamwork will continue to strengthen the achievement of patient care goals and ensure a bright future for both departments.

Communication↗
PubMed1984

Variable cost per dose of preparing and administering small-volume cephalosporin admixtures. Veterans Administration Pharmacy Service Study Group.

The nondrug variable cost per dose of preparing and administering small-volume cephalosporin admixtures was evaluated at six Veterans Administration Medical Centers (VAMCs). Six VAMCs that had pharmacy-operated i.v. admixture programs that routinely prepared small-volume injections (SVIs) were studied. The preparation methods observed and analyzed included individual and batch preparation of SVIs using partial-fill polyvinyl chloride containers and manufacturers' prefilled bottles. The administration methods studied were limited to dose administration using indwelling intermittent injection sites or SVI administration sets connected to primary continuous inline infusion sets. In estimating costs, average personnel salaries and material costs were used. The impact of changes in dosing frequency on nondrug costs was calculated using the estimated nondrug variable cost per dose and data gathered from i.v. profiles. Each VAMC was visited and observed for two or three days. The average nondrug variable cost per dose of the six VAMCs was $2.95. The nondrug variable cost per dose for the 16 different combinations of preparation and administration methods ranged from $1.01 to $6.11. The proportion of this cost attributable to materials ranged from 34% to 77% and was at least 64% in 14 of the combinations studied. Examples of projected savings resulting from reduced dosing frequency are given. Substantial savings in preparation and administration costs can occur if the frequency of administration is reduced through the use of longer-acting i.v. cephalosporins administered as SVIs. Total costs, however, will be less only if the higher cost of a day's supply of a longer-acting drug does not offset the savings achieved with less frequent administration.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1991

Evaluating the cost impact of intravenous antibiotic dosing frequencies.

Cost differences between antibiotic dosing frequencies were studied at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital. Developing a complete cost profile between antibiotic alternatives is difficult because of role separation within the hospital. To present a more complete profile, the study analyzed the incremental costs associated with the hospital pharmacy and nursing staffs regarding various dosing frequencies, including different iv admixture and administration methods. Results showed that administration of an antibiotic dose costs approximately $3.35 based on labor and material costs associated with admixture and administration. An average of 4.6 minutes/dose saves nurses up to 23 minutes for each patient who receives an antibiotic dosed once rather than six times daily over a 24-hour period. Costs of administration and admixture should be considered in comparisons of combination therapy with monotherapy when deciding between two therapeutically equivalent alternatives.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2007

Therapeutic profile of orphan medicines.

PURPOSE: To characterise the therapeutic profile of orphan medicines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during 2 months in a convenience sample of seven hospital pharmacy services, in the region of Lisbon. Data were collected, from pharmaceutical service's records. RESULTS: A total of 18 orphan medicines, were dispensed to 355 patients with rare diseases. Most patients were adults (76.4%). Premature and neonates accounted with 50.0% of the paediatric patients. Differences were not found between the proportion of male and female patients across age groups (p = 0.762). Only 18.3% were inpatients. A high proportion of paediatric inpatients (58.3%) were seen in relation to adult inpatients (5.9%) (p = 0.001). In general, anti-neoplastic and immunomodulating agents for rare cancers were the most frequent dispensed medicines (51.3%). In relation to paediatrics, Caffeine Citrate for primary apnoea of premature newborns had the higher frequency distribution (57.1%). Five (71.4%) medicines dispensed for paediatrics, do not have market authorisation and the remaining (28.6%) were used off-label. For pulmonary arterial hypertension 19 of 27 patients (70.3%) were treated with Bosentan. According to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, Bosentan has a good level of evidence and substantial benefit: grade of recommendation A. CONCLUSIONS: Most orphan medicines dispensed to paediatrics and adults were not licensed.A special pharmacovigilance program and a risk management plan through the entire life cycle should be implemented, towards effectiveness and safety of orphan medicines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A survey of ethical issues surrounding supply of information to members of the public by hospital pharmacy medicines information centres.

OBJECTIVES: To examine ways in which medicines information pharmacists approach ethical dilemmas encountered in information supply, to appreciate the factors affecting any observed variation in responses, and to identify and training deficits among medicines information (MI) pharmacists in this area. METHOD: A questionnaire was circulated to all medicines information pharmacists working in the hospital pharmacy service in the United Kingdom. The survey presented ten realistic scenarios involving requests for information on a variety of topics from 'lay' callers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents were asked to identify any perceived ethical dilemmas presented by the scenarios and to indicate their preferred replies. Details on training given or received in this area were also requested. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 151 of 286 questionnaires mailed (52.8%), representing 137 discrete DI centres throughout the UK. Postgraduate clinical qualifications were possessed by 71% of respondents. Just 32 (21.2%) indicated that they gave training on ethical issues surrounding information supply while 57 (37.1%) said they had received such training. Over half (54.3%) had neither received nor delivered training on ethical issues. Of the 32 who said they gave training, 21 had received training themselves. Only 4 (2.6%) said they had a protocol in place for dealing with enquiries from members of the public. CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable variation in how respondents thought the scenarios might be resolved, emphasising the varying levels of appreciation of the issues and lack of a uniform approach to management. An interesting dichotomy emerged between liberal and conservative approaches. Liberal pharmacists clearly believed that all MI data is in the public domain and should be produced and evaluated on request because patients have a "right" to it. The conservative pharmacists had a more protective attitude toward the patient and believed that patients should not be given information by MI pharmacists directly; rather that it should be channelled through the patient's doctor. These two approaches are not incompatible, and may be adopted by the same pharmacist at different times. From their observations, the authors propose a basis of an ethical guideline for MI pharmacists.

Confidence Intervals↗