SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in urine.

The biomedically and neurochemically important compounds 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) have been simultaneously determined in human urine after reverse-phase two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. A 10-fold-diluted urine sample (20 microliters) is first separated on a C18 column (30 X 0.39 cm) using an 85% pH 6.0 phosphate buffer/15% methanol solvent system. The elution volume containing both 5-HIAA and HVA (Rt approximately 3 min) is collected. Recoveries (mean +/- SD) for this purification step, which is monitored using fluorometric detection, were usually above 90%. After acidification of the approximately 2 ml collected fraction, 100 microliters is reinjected on a C18 column and separated (Rt: 5-HIAA, 4 min; HVA 5.5 min) using an 80% pH 3.5 phosphate buffer/20% methanol mobile phase. The compounds are determined by flow-through amperometry with absolute detection limits of approximately 25 pg. Both 5-HIAA and HVA are well resolved from other electroactive species present and are easily determined at normal and greatly reduced concentrations in human urine.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed1994

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of catecholamine metabolites and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human urine using a mixed-mode column and an eight-channel electrode electrochemical detector.

An HPLC system for the simultaneous determination of acidic catecholamine metabolites, related compounds and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in human urine was developed. A mixed-mode (C18/anion-exchange) column with isocratic elution using citrate buffer and an eight-channel electrochemical detector were used. Vanilmandelic acid (VMA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyllactic acid (vanillactic acid, VLA), homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillic acid (VA) and 5-HIAA in urine were determined simultaneously. Detection limits and inter (n = 5) and intra-assay (n = 5) coefficients of variation were satisfactory. The mean of analytical recoveries (n = 3, +/- C.V. (%)) were between 97 +/- 3.2 (VMA) and 105 +/- 4.8 (VA). Correlations between the analytical results for VMA, HVA and 5-HIAA obtained by an established method and the present method were satisfactory. The mean +/- 2 S.D. of the excretion rates of VMA, DOPAC, VLA, HVA, 5-HIAA and VA in urine from healthy adult volunteers were 0.61-4.36, 0.13-1.02, 0-0.35, 0.67-6.55, 0.50-5.14 and 0-0.55 mg/g creatinine, respectively.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of children with febrile convulsions.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from febrile children subdivided according to the presence or absence of convulsions. Lumbar puncture was made either early (mean time 2 h) or late (3-6 days) after the febrile convulsion. The level of 5-HIAA was significantly decreased in children early and late after the febrile convulsion as compared with the convulsion-free group, but the HVA level was reduced only early after the febrile convulsion. These results support the hypothesis that a decrease in CSF 5-HIAA may be a biologic marker of susceptibility to convulsions and indicate that the transient decrease in HVA is a secondary phenomenon related to occurrence of convulsions.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2005

Haplotype-based linkage of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 to suicide attempt, major depression, and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in 4 populations.

CONTEXT: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) encodes the rate-limiting enzyme for brain serotonin biosynthesis. It was recently reported that the TPH2 haplotype was linked to depression in humans. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of TPH2 with suicide attempt, major depression, and a neurochemical intermediate phenotype, cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. DESIGN: We resequenced TPH2 coding, 5' promoter, 3'-untranslated region, and splice junction regions in 190 individuals selected for ethnic and clinical diversity, determined haplotype structure using 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning 106 kilobases (kb), and performed linkage analysis in 1798 cases and controls representing 4 populations (657 African Americans, including 104 suicide attempters and 135 with major depression; 513 Finnish whites, including 150 suicide attempters; 146 US whites, including 81 with depression, anxiety disorder, or both; and 482 southwestern American Indians, including 123 suicide attempters and 191 with depression, anxiety disorder, or both) and in 94 Finnish whites for cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels. RESULTS: Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms, including Pro206Ser, were detected. The 15-locus panel defined and maximized information content from 2 haplotype blocks in whites, 3 haplotype blocks in African Americans, and the single haplotype block spanning TPH2 in southwestern American Indians. Among common Block1b haplotypes were 2 in yin and yang (opposite) configuration, indicating ancient origin. The yin haplotype, 212121, was increased in frequency in suicide attempters in both populations tested (Finnish whites and African Americans). It was associated with major depression and anxiety disorders in US whites and with major depression in African Americans. The yin haplotype was moderately predictive of lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations in controls but not in cases. CONCLUSION: Haplotype linkage of TPH2 to suicide attempt and major depression and to a mediating phenotype, cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, provides preliminary evidence of a functional locus potentially within a haplotype block at least 52 kb in size.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Altered serotonin activity in anorexia nervosa after long-term weight restoration. Does elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level correlate with rigid and obsessive behavior?

To avoid the confounding influences of malnutrition or weight loss, we studied patients with anorexia nervosa at normal weight and stable dietary intake. Compared with 15 controls, 17 long-term weight-restored anorectic subjects had elevated concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the major serotonin metabolite, whereas levels of cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid, the major dopamine metabolite, were normal. Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid may indicate increased serotonin activity. Such activity could contribute to pathological feeding behavior. Most importantly, this study raises the question as to whether increased cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels are associated with overly inhibited, anxious, or obsessive traits.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

A 2-year prospective follow-up study of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. Prediction by cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and autonomic measures?

A 2-year prospective follow-up study of 100% (N = 29) of a sample of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders found that the baseline lumbar cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentration and autonomic nervous system activity predicted some subsequent outcomes. The 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration significantly predicted severity of physical aggression during follow-up. The skin conductance level significantly predicted institutionalization. Correlations were in predicted directions with lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and autonomic activity correlated with poor outcome. Moreover, in multivariate analyses, which included nonlaboratory measures as predictors, cerebrospinal fluid and autonomic measures still contributed significantly to the prediction. However, hypothesized predictions of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations for suicide attempts and of low autonomic nervous system activity for arrests were not supported thus far. Patients are still at risk; consequently, these results must be considered preliminary. Nonetheless, the results suggest that further investigation of relationships between biological factors and outcome of children with disruptive behavior disorders is warranted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and probenecid were examined in 14 children with epilepsy (ages 6 months to 17 years) and 17 controls (ages 14 months to 16 years). The concentrations of amine metabolites were significantly correlated with probenecid concentrations in both groups of children. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of 5-HIAA were 63.6 ng per milliliter plus or minus 8.23 S.E.M. and 117 ng per milliliter plus or minus 11.6 S.E.M. for the epilepsy and control groups respectively. HVA averaged 89.1 ng per milliliter plus or minus 15.2 S.E.M in epilepsy and 172 ng per milliliter plus or minus 19.2 S.E.M. in the control group. These findings indicate a significant difference between epilepsy and control groups. Probenecid concentrations were similar in each group. The reduced cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolite concentrations in children with epilepsy were not related to age, anticonvulsant medication, cerebrospinal fluid folate or protein concentration, or cerebrospinal fluid cell count. Our findings suggest a relationship between brain amines and epilepsy.

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed1983

Effects of thyroid state on serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and substance P contents in discrete brain nuclei of adult rats.

The effects of chemical thyroidectomy produced by propylthiouracil treatment or hyperthyroidism produced by daily injections of thyroxine on the content of serotonin, its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and of substance P in discrete brain nuclei of adult rats have been studied. Brain nuclei were removed by punches of frozen brain slices. The serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection while substance P was assayed by radioimmunoassay. The serotonin level was significantly increased in 11 nuclei of the hypothyroid and in 12 nuclei of the hyperthyroid rats. The 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels were higher in 16 nuclei of the hypothyroid and 7 nuclei of the hyperthyroid animals. The state of the thyroid gland in adult rats also affected the substance P system but less consistently than the serotonin pathway. Thus, the substance P content in the brain of propylthiouracil-treated animals increased significantly in 4 nuclei while it decreased in the septum lateralis and the striae terminalis. Following the chronic thyroxine injections, the substance P level was increased in the nucleus caudatus putamen and the tractus diagonalis and was decreased in the area ventralis tegmenti. We previously reported that neonatal thyroidectomy caused a general increase of the substance P and serotonin contents in many brain nuclei of young rats. It appears that the effects of chemical thyroidectomy on mature and immature rat brain are different for the substance P system, suggesting that thyroxine plays an important role in the maturation of substance P-containing neurons.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and indoleacetic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid: interrelationships and the influence of age, sex, epilepsy and anticonvulsant drugs.

Tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and indoleacetic acid were measured in cerebrospinal fluid, taken during pneumoencephalography, from a large series of patients, the majority of whom were epileptics, most of them receiving anticonvulsants. CSF indoleacetic acid reflects CNS tyrptamine metabolism in the same way that CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid reflects CNS 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Our data suggest that (i) the brain tryptophan content is an important factor in the control of both 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine synthesis (ii) brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism exhibits a U-shaped relationship with age (iii) the mean brain tryptophan content and rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism are greater for women than men (iv) indoleamine metabolism is unaffected in untreated epileptics compared with non-epileptics, but anticonvulsant drugs decrease the rate of 5-hydrosytryptamine metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Determination of 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in 20 rat brain nuclei using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is utilized for the simultaneous determination of serotonin, its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan, and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in nervous tissue samples. Tissue preparation required only homogenization in acidic solution and centrifugation prior to application to the chromatograph. Detection limits in the low picogram range were obtained for those indoles separated. This assay was used in combination with a micropunch dissection technique of 20 discrete rat brain nuclei to measure serotonin, its precursor, and major metabolite. The specificity of the assay was checked with pharmacological experiments aimed to increase or decrease serotonin levels. Pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, led to a marked increase in serotonin and a decrease of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid while p-chlorophenylalanine, by blocking the conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan, selectively depleted 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗

PubMed1990

Effect of dietary tryptophan on plasma and brain tryptophan, brain serotonin, and brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rainbow trout.

In order to determine the effect of dietary tryptophan level on plasma and brain tryptophan, brain serotonin, and brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were raised for 16 weeks on semipurified diets containing 0.06%, 0.16%, 0.21%, 0.26%, 0.39%, or 0.59% tryptophan. After 14 weeks, feed intake was depressed in fish fed the diets containing 0.06% or 0.16% tryptophan. No further differences in feed intake were noted between the remaining treatments. In addition, body weight was lower in fish fed diets containing 0.06%, 0.16%, or 0.21% tryptophan compared with fish fed higher levels. After 16 weeks of feeding the test diets, plasma tryptophan levels were found to be directly related to dietary tryptophan levels. Similarly, increased dietary levels of tryptophan resulted in increased brain levels of tryptophan, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These results demonstrate that in rainbow trout, as in mammals, altered dietary levels of tryptophan result in alterations in plasma and brain tryptophan, brain serotonin, and brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1995

Relationship of generalized anxiety symptoms to urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and vanillylmandelic acid.

Urinary levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the norepinephrine metabolite vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were measured in 45 patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the severity of several anxiety symptoms was predicted by levels of 5-HIAA and VMA. These data are consistent with the proposal that serotonin and norepinephrine may be involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Effect of dialysis on plasma and CSF tryptophan and CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in advanced renal disease.

Patients with uraemic encephalopathy were previously found to have low total tryptophan (bound plus free), but high free tryptophan concentrations in the plasma and high CSF tryptophan concentrations. The 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was also raised in the CSF. A study of the effect of dialysis treatment on these substances in chronic uraemic patients with and without dialysis dementia is described. After an episode of dialysis the patients without dialysis dementia showed increased plasma total tryptophan and decreased free tryptophan. These changes were associated with a decrease of plasma free fatty acid. The patients with dialysis dementia did not show changes in tryptophan, but plasma free fatty acid rose. CSF concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid fell moderately in both groups of patients on dialysis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The incidence of elevations in urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.

A 24-hour urine collection for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA) is commonly performed to evaluate patients with suspected carcinoid syndrome. However, carcinoids are rare, and elevated results are common even when using an analytically specific method. To characterize this problem, the incidence of elevated results was examined in a population of 947 patient specimens received in a clinical reference laboratory setting. Using a reference limit of 15 mg/d identified 7.9 percent of the results as elevated, with 3 percent > 100 mg/d, and about 1 percent > 350 mg/d. Males showed 14 percent > 15 mg/d compared to 5.2 percent for females. Characterization of incomplete and excess 24-hr urine collections is facilitated by use of a creatinine ratio, with a reference limit of 14 mg/g creatinine equivalent to 15 mg/d. Given the frequency of elevated results, HIAA should be used to support the diagnoses of carcinoid only when consistent with other objective findings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

The relation between urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels and the ratio of tryptophan to other large neutral amino acids placed in the stomach.

We assayed 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine samples (3- or 6 1/2-hr collection) after individual rats received 6-8 ml of water, of amino acids in solution, or of glucose by stomach tube. Tryptophan (Trp) solutions caused dose-related increases in urinary 5-HIAA; these were blocked when animals received carbidopa, an inhibitor of peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. The concurrent administration of a large neutral amino acid (LNAA; valine or isoleucine) with oral Trp, in high doses probably sufficient to compete with Trp for transport into gut cells, blocked the Trp-induced rise in urinary 5-HIAA. Concurrent administration of glycine (not a LNAA) in equivalent doses did not. Pretreatment with pyridoxine blocked the Trp-induced rise in urinary 5-HIAA but not that in brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT). These observations confirm the previous suggestion that while brain serotonin synthesis depends on the plasma Trp/LNAA ratio (which varies inversely with the proportion of protein to total calories in the diet), gut serotonin synthesis depends largely on the Trp/LNAA ratio in the dietary protein itself (and, probably, within the gut lumen postprandially). The range of molar Trp/LNAA ratios at which free LNAAs significantly diminish the effects of ingested Trp on gut serotonin synthesis (as reflected by urinary 5-HIAA) is similar to the range found in dietary proteins.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1986

Skin conductance habituation and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in suicidal patients.

The concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and psychophysiologic variables, such as habituation of the skin conductance response, were measured in 35 drug-free, suicidal inpatients. Twenty-four patients were hospitalized after a suicide attempt, and another 11 had suicidal ideation. The suicide attempters were classified into nonviolent (drug overdoses taken orally, or a single wrist cut) and violent (all other methods). As in previous studies, the suicide attempters had significantly lower CSF concentrations of 5-HIAA compared with healthy, matched controls. The distribution of habituation rate was bimodal (slow and fast habituators). All violent attempters were fast habituators, as were all four patients who in a one-year follow-up were found to have completed a suicide (all by violent methods). The lowest frequency of fast habituators was found in the group of patients with suicidal ideation. There was no correlation between CSF 5-HIAA and habituation rate. A combination of these two variables yielded a highly significant correlation with type of suicide behavior, both retrospectively and prospectively.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Early-onset alcoholics have lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels than late-onset alcoholics.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the interrelationships of age at onset of excessive alcohol consumption, family history of alcoholism, psychiatric comorbidity, and cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations in abstinent, treatment-seeking alcoholics. METHODS: We studied 131 recently abstinent alcoholics. Supervised abstinence was maintained on a research ward at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center for a minimum of 3 weeks. All alcoholics received a low-monoamine diet for a minimum of 3 days before lumbar puncture. Lumbar punctures were performed in the morning after an overnight fast. Monamine metabolites and tryptophan in cerebrospinal fluid were quantified with liquid chromatography by means of electrochemical detection. Psychiatric diagnoses were established from blind-rated Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version interviews administered by a research social worker. Severity and age at onset of excessive alcohol consumption were documented with a structured lifetime drinking history questionnaire and with selected alcoholism screening questionnaires (CAGE and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test). Family history of alcoholism was obtained from the probands. RESULTS: A majority of the treatment-seeking, primarily white male alcoholics had a lifetime history of psychiatric disorders other than alcoholism. None fulfilled criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Early-onset alcoholics (onset of excessive consumption before 25 years of age) had a more severe course of alcoholism and lower mean cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration than late-onset alcoholics. Patients who reported both parents to be alcoholics had particularly low mean cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and tryptophan concentrations. CONCLUSION: Among treatment-seeking alcoholics, early age at onset is generally associated with a more severe course of alcoholism and lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Interference by naproxen in the urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid assay is due to a metabolite, desmethylnaproxen.

Interference by naproxen in the spectrophotometric assay for urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid has been investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that ingestion of naproxen was associated with the production of four urinary components, unchanged drug and three metabolites, the major one being desmethylnaproxen. Unlike naproxen, this metabolite reacted in the spectrophotometric assay giving a product with the same absorption spectrum as that observed in urine samples obtained after naproxen ingestion. Unlike 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the colour due to desmethylnaproxen is thermolabile and so the interference may be overcome by performing the incubation at 100 degrees C.

Adult↗