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Results for “INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATIONS”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Characteristics of patients with work-related asthma seen in the New York State Occupational Health Clinics.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize the work-related asthma population seen by the New York State Occupational Health Clinic Network (OHCN) to determine which industries, occupations, and causal agents are associated with work-related asthma in New York State (NYS). METHODS: The OHCN patient database was analyzed to identify those patients with a diagnosis of work-related asthma and medical charts were then abstracted for data on demographics, clinical history, disease severity, industry, occupation, and putative agent. RESULTS: The OHCN patients with work-related asthma were most commonly employed in the service and manufacturing industries. Common occupations included teachers, farm operators/managers, and construction trades. The most frequently reported putative agents associated with work-related asthma were dust, indoor air, mold, and solvents. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the potential importance of prevention of workplace exposure in reducing adult asthma in NYS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Analyses of public use decennial census data with multiply imputed industry and occupation codes.

"This paper gives a brief introduction to multiple imputation for handling non-response in surveys. We then describe a recently completed project in which multiple imputation was used to recalibrate industry and occupation codes in 1970 U.S. census public use samples to the 1980 standard. Using analyses of data from the project, we examine the utility of analysing a large data set having imputed values compared with analysing a small data set having true values, and we provide examples of the amount by which variability is underestimated by using just one imputation rather than multiple imputations."

Americas↗
PubMed1989

Health characteristics by occupation and industry of longest employment.

Includes estimates on length of longest job held, limitation of activity, disability days, incidence of acute conditions, persons injured, hospitalizations, and utilization of medical and dental services of persons aged 17 years and over in the civilian noninstitutionalized population. These estimates are presented by occupation and industry of longest employment for those who had ever worked. Estimates are based on data collected in the National Health Interview Survey of 1980.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1990

Process chemicals in the oil and gas industry: potential occupational hazards.

Numerous chemicals are used in various processes of the oil and gas industry: drilling, cementing, completion, stimulation, and production. The number and the complexity of composition of process chemicals has increased greatly over the last three decades. The occupational hazards of exposure to these agents has received little attention. We reviewed the various processes in the industry, the type of chemicals used in each process, and some of their characteristics. We placed emphasis on those for which significant toxicity has been established or is suspected, and those for which there is incomplete information on their chemistry and health hazards. This report is intended to form a basis for a more complete survey of the process chemicals, and to draw attention to the possibilities for toxic exposure resulting from use of these agents in the oil and gas industry. The ultimate objective is to promote the safe use of these agents in the industry.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

The Occupational Cancer Incidence Surveillance Study (OCISS): risk of lung cancer by usual occupation and industry in the Detroit metropolitan area.

This case-referent study assesses occupational risk factors associated with lung cancer, utilizing colon and rectum cancer referents. Complete occupational and tobacco use histories were obtained by telephone interview for 5,935 incident lung cancer cases and 3,956 incident colon and rectum cancer referents. The analysis included 43 usual occupational groups and 48 usual industry groups comprised of at least 10 cases. Among all cases, there were significant elevated risks for excavating and mining workers (OR = 4.01), furnace workers (OR = 3.11), armed services personnel (OR = 3.10), agricultural workers (OR = 2.05), driver sales (OR = 2.21), mechanics (OR = 1.72), painters (OR = 1.96), and drivers (OR = 1.88). Industries with significant elevated lung cancer risk included farming (OR = 2.21), mining (OR = 2.98), and primary ferrous metals manufacturing (OR = 2.43). Analyses of white and black men separately revealed that the excess of lung cancer among mechanics is restricted to black males (OR = 4.16). The risk of lung cancer among armed services personnel is higher among black men (OR = 10.54) than among white men (OR = 3.06). Five of the occupations observed more often among lung cancer cases have probable exposure to diesel exhaust.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Semen quality of industrial workers occupationally exposed to chromium.

A total of sixty-one subjects occupationally exposed to chromium in an industry which manufactures chromium sulphate and fifteen control subjects from a nearby industry which does not manufacture any chromium related compounds were studied. The history of each subject was recorded on pre-designed form through interview and a routine medical examination was carried out. Blood samples (5-6 ml) were collected for the estimation of chromium and semen samples were collected for semen analysis and the determination of copper and zinc levels in the seminal plasma. Clinical examination revealed nasal perforation in 10 subjects (out of 61) in the exposed group as compared to none in the control group. A significantly higher level of chromium was observed in the blood of the exposed workers as compared to the control. The concentration of zinc in seminal plasma was lower while the level of copper was higher in the exposed group as compared to the control. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Statistically significant higher numbers of morphologically abnormal sperms were noticed in the exposed group with respect to the control. Further analysis of the data indicated that about 53% of the exposed subjects showed less than 30% normal forms as compared to 10% in control subjects. However, no significant alterations in semen volume, liquefaction time, mean pH value, sperm viability, concentration or motility, were noticed between chromium exposed and unexposed workers. The data also indicates that exposure to chromium has some effect on human sperm as a significant positive correlation (r=0.301) was observed between percentages of abnormal sperm morphology and blood chromium levels (p=0.016) after pooling all the data of the control and exposure groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Prioritizing industries for occupational injury and illness prevention and research, Washington State Workers' compensation claims, 1999-2003.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify high-risk industry groups for effective allocation of occupational safety and health prevention and research resources. METHODS: We used all compensable Washington state workers' compensation claims to rank North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry groups by a "prevention index" (PI). The PI is the average of the rank orders of each industry group's claim count and claim incidence rate. RESULTS: Of the 274 industry groups ranked by PI for all compensable workers' compensation claims, the following industry groups ranked the highest: NAICS 2381 Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors, NAICS 4841 General Freight Trucking, and NAICS 2361 Residential Building Construction. Industry group PI rankings are reported for the seven most common costly occupational injury types. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a PI can focus prevention and research resources where they can be of most benefit.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1987

Occupation and industry data obtained from death certificates: the effect and influence of case selection.

This study first examined the accuracy of death certificate diagnoses of 4,954 cases of cancer of the lung, liver, nasopharynx, and pleura/peritoneum, then compared usual occupation and industry based on case selection from the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System (MDCSS), a population-based cancer registry, with cases selected from death certificates for the above types of tumors to examine the effect of misclassification. Accuracy of death certificate cancer diagnoses ranged from 93.4% for lung cancer to 28.6% for malignancies of the pleura/peritoneum. The mix of usual occupation/industry titles obtained from death certificate cases and MDCSS cases was similar for lung cancer but not for malignancies of the pleura/peritoneum (35.7% of cases from the registry v 11.1% from death certificates for the automobile industry, P = .05). The effect of misclassification and utility of usual occupation/industry statements on death certificates is discussed.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed1991

Occupational and industrial toxin exposures and the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal Toxicology Subcommittee of the American College of Gastroenterology Patient Care Committee.

The subcommittee on Gastrointestinal Toxicology of the Patient Care Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology has reviewed potential effects of exposures to occupational and industrial hazards on the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas. This review is presented to 1) share clinical data concerning gastrointestinal toxicology, 2) emphasize the paucity of available information to the practicing clinician, and 3) stimulate basic research interest in this field.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Cancer incidence among women in the workplace: a study of the association between occupation and industry and 11 cancer sites.

Few studies of the occupational etiology of cancer have focused upon the risks that women experience in the workplace. In this case-referent study of 11 cancer sites (lung, colon, rectum, bladder, esophagus, liver, salivary gland, stomach, eye, melanoma of the skin, mesothelioma), 7686 women in the Detroit area were interviewed to obtain lifetime histories of employment, tobacco use, and adult health, as well as demographic information. The results provide both methodologic and substantive leads for future investigations of the association between women's employment and their risk of cancer. We found that 63% of respondents had a usual occupation of housewife. Methodologic issues are discussed about the implications of this finding for sample size and statistical analysis when conducting such studies. New observations that merit further investigation include an association between salivary gland cancer and employment in hairdressing shops, esophageal cancer and employment in restaurants, and bladder cancer and employment in computer manufacturing. Further research is needed to understand the occupational etiology of cancer among women; such studies must consider specific methodologic issues.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2003

Occupational and industrial health at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

Occupational hazards have been known for centuries, but the creation of facilities capable of carrying out the testing necessary to assess these risks is a comparatively recent development. The Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH) created the Wisconsin Occupational Health Laboratory (WOHL) in 1937 to address this need. Since then, WOHL's range of analytical capacity has grown to include an impressive array of assays, including volatile organic compounds, asbestos, silica, environmental lead, bioaerosols, and elemental carbon. WOHL has been a leader in emerging occupational health threats, and has been the primary testing facility for the United State's Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) consultation program since 1977. Through it all, WOHL has remained a fee-for-service branch of the WSLH and has not used Wisconsin taxpayer funds to support its day-to-day operations.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Risk of multiple myeloma by occupation and industry among men and women: a 24-state death certificate study.

This cancer surveillance investigation uses death certificates from 24 states for the period 1984-1989 to identify multiple myeloma and occupation associations and to stimulate hypotheses. A case-control study of multiple myeloma was created from 3,159,417 certificates in which 12,148 male and female cases were frequency matched by age, race, and gender with five controls per case. We screened 231 industries and 509 occupations. Women demonstrated significant excess risk among managers and administrators, post-secondary teachers, elementary teachers, social workers, other sales workers, waitresses, and hospital maids. Men showed significant risks among computer system scientists, veterinarians, elementary teachers, authors, engineering technicians, general office supervisors, insurance adjusters, barbers, electronic repairers, supervisors of extracting industries, production supervisors, photoengravers, and grader/dozer operators. Men and women elementary school teachers demonstrated the most consistent, statistically significant increased risk of multiple myeloma.

Adult↗