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PubMed1997

Preparing our future physicians: integrating medical informatics into the undergraduate medical education curriculum.

This paper describes how two medical schools have integrated "medical informatics" into their undergraduate medical education programs with the aim of preparing their students for future practice. It describes the components or elements of the informatics programs, how learning opportunities have been integrated into the curricula, how the informatics programs have evolved, and future directions. The medical schools approached the task of introducing informatics in a parallel way. Following needs identification, similar topic areas, goals, and specific informatics learning objectives were developed. These were used as a basis for implementation and evaluation. In general, the topic areas selected are: computer literacy, communications, information retrieval and management, computer-aided learning, patient management, office practice management, and hospital information systems. Learning opportunities in informatics were integrated for the above goals, in accordance with how the curriculum was organized in each school. These opportunities, and the support activities provided will be described.

Alberta↗

PubMed1999

An approach to policy analysis and development of medical informatics.

There are three grand challenges for medical informatics policy: (1) What is it? (2) What should it be? (3) How can we influence its development? To address these challenges requires: (1) an historical analysis of medical informatics policies in a representative sample of countries. This should include an account of major events, the roles of technology, individuals, culture and social settings. Pioneers have been led by visions of what medical informatics should achieve. The role of these visions and the reactions to unmet expectations thus also need to be analysed; (2) a generally applicable medical informatics policy that places the needs of its stakeholders and clients first. Top priorities are to support quality health care delivery and quality management of health care facilities; (3) an explanation of how policies in medical informatics are created and implemented together with a strategy to guide medical informatics professionals in their lobbying efforts.

Humans↗

PubMed2000

Global health informatics education.

Health informatics education has evolved since the 1960s with a strong research foundation primarily in medical schools across the USA and Europe. By 1989 health informatics education was provided in some form by at least 20 countries representing five continents. This continues to progress, in Europe with the help of a number of special projects, via the integration of informatics into pre registration health professional courses, undergraduate and post graduate course work and research degree programs. Each program is unique in terms or content and structure reflecting the many foundation disciplines which contribute or are incorporated in the health informatics discipline. Nursing informatics education is not as widespread. Indeed the evidence suggests a poor uptake of informatics by this profession. Advances in computer based educational technologies are making innovative modes of educational delivery possible and are facilitating a shift towards learner centred, flexible and life long learning. Greater cooperation between Universities is recommended.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2000

Medical informatics and medical education in Canada in the 21st century.

The advances of health informatics over the last 50 years are briefly sketched to reveal the pervasiveness of their applications in health and health care. The relations to research in health informatics and health are pointed out. From this perspective it is argued that the evolution of consumer health informatics in the last decade has had a profound impact on the practice of medicine, on patient-physician relations and, hence, on the requirements for medical education. The different access to information and how it is used in educational environments will also dramatically affect how curricula are structured both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The impact of health informatics on medical education is further elaborated, and the requirements on infrastructure in support of this education are detailed. This infrastructure goes beyond instructional laboratories and includes academic units for medical informatics and, most importantly perhaps, funding resources and adjudication capacity for health informatics research and their integration into the Canadian research organization and the new Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Canada↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health informatics education: an opportunity for public health in Canada.

Health information infrastructure is being developed across Canada, and health informatics education should be a component of the emerging infrastructure. However, educational opportunities do not appear to be developing in pace with infrastructure. This study characterizes the required education, and describes specific issues facing the development of health informatics education. Twenty-six key informants were interviewed, and responses were analyzed to identify major themes. Subjects agreed that the current capacity for health informatics education is inadequate. Also, limited expertise could adversely affect health infostructure implementation and health system performance. A need was identified for both advanced and basic education. Four issues facing the development of health informatics education in Canada were consistently identified: awareness, collaboration, funding, and human resources. Public health is well positioned to play a central role in health informatics education due to its historical basis in handling health information, and its developing expertise in health informatics applications.

Canada↗

PubMed2001

Health informatics: managing information to deliver value.

Can informatics improve health? This paper answers yes, exploring its components, benefits, and effect on a wide variety of health-related activities. We first examine how information technology enables health informatics, supporting information management and knowledge creation through its four cornerstones. Success factors in using informatics are covered next, including human factors, the role of trained health informaticians, and the importance of matching informatics initiatives with business goals and establishing and measuring value. We demonstrate the potential effect of the Internet on health services through such e-health applications as enterprise-wide patient records, state-of-the-art call centers, and data repositories. For current evidence that informatics is already improving health, we turn to such topics as disease management, telehealth, patient safety, and decision support. As more organizations move informatics from theory into practice and realize its value, they will transform inefficient processes and improve care for all.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗

PubMed2002

The micro-macro spectrum of medical informatics challenges: from molecular medicine to transforming health care in a globalizing society.

BACKGROUND: Medical informatics has always encompassed a very broad spectrum of techniques for clinical and biomedical research, education and practice. There has been a concomitant variety of depth of specialization, ranging from the routine application of information processing methods to cutting-edge research on fundamental problems of computer-based systems and their relations to cognition and perception in biomedicine. OBJECTIVES: Challenges for the field can be placed in perspective by considering the scale of each--from the highly detailed scientific problems in bioinformatics and emerging molecular medicine to the broad and complex social problems of introducing medical informatics into web-related global settings. METHODS: The scale of an informatics problem is not only determined by the inherent physical space in which it exists, but also by the conceptual complexity that it involves, reinforcing the need to investigate the semantic web within which medical informatics is defined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bioinformatics, biomedical imaging and language understanding provide examples that anchor research and practice in biomedical informatics at the detailed, scientific end of the spectrum. Traditional concerns of medical informatics in the clinical arena make up the broad mid-range of the spectrum, while novel social interaction models of competition and cooperation will be needed to understand the implications of distributed health information technology for individual and societal change in an increasingly interconnected world.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed2002

The scope and direction of health informatics.

Health Informatics (HI) is a dynamic discipline based on the medical sciences, information sciences, and cognitive sciences. Its domain can broadly be defined as medical information management. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of this domain, discuss the current "state of the art," and indicate the likely growth areas for health informatics. The sources of information used in this paper are selected publications from the literature of Health Informatics, HI 5300: Introduction to Health Informatics, which is a course from the Department of Health Informatics at the University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, and the author's personal experience in practicing telemedicine and implementing an electronic medical record at the NASA-Johnson Space Center. The conclusion is that the direction of Health Informatics is in the direction of data management, transfer, and representation via electronic medical records and the Internet.

Forecasting↗

PubMed2002

A medical informatics curriculum for 21st century family practice residencies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An informatics curriculum was developed by integrating evidence-based medicine, communication and behavioral sciences, patient education, and computer skills. Introduction of an electronic medical record (EMR) to our family practice center was a focal point of this training. Our objective was to measure whether the new curriculum improved our residents' informatics skills and computer knowledge. METHODS: Before and after institution of the curriculum, residents' self-rated skills and attitudes were measured with a questionnaire. They also took an objective test of informatics skills after the curriculum was implemented, and their scores were compared to scores from five other control residencies that did not use the curriculum. RESULTS: The curriculum, including use of the electronic record, was successfully implemented and tested. The curriculum improved residents' self-ratings of informatics knowledge and computer skills, but the objective test did not show a significant difference between programs. CONCLUSIONS: After implementation of a medical informatics curriculum, residents self-reported an improvement in computer and informatics skills. The objective measurement of knowledge did not demonstrate the benefit of our curriculum compared to other programs.

Computer Literacy↗

PubMed2002

[Ten years of medical informatics education at the Medical School in Sarajevo].

INTRODUCTION: The medical informatics as the separate medical discipline very quickly gets developed, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In our country, the medical informatics is a separate subject the last ten years, regarding to that the Medical curriculum at the biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina is accorded with the project of the education in accordance with Bolonjski declaration and the project EURO MEDICINA. This year the Chair for the medical informatics of the Medical faculty in Sarajevo celebrates ten years of its existence. WORK METHOD: By the descriptive method of the research which comprehended the questionnaire about 400 students of the biomedical faculties we established the attitudes and opinions of the students of these faculties about the adequacy of the contents of the subject the medical informatics, the availability of the adoption of the material by the theoretical and practical performance of the process of the tuition and the suggestions and the recommendations of the students which contents would throw out from the curriculum and which new contents include. WORK RESULTS: The research was performed by means the separate questionnaire patterns data carriers with the defined characteristics for the quality estimation of the performed tuition. The total attitude of the questionnaire speaks about dominantly expressed satisfaction of the students with the majority of the parameters about the quality and the tuition contents which were evaluated during the questionnaire. The results are shown tabelararly and graphically, and descriptively is described the program of the tuition and the contents of the methodic units, and the system of the examination of the students by the method of the "multiple choice". CONCLUSION: The education from the medical informatics is based at the concept which use the developed countries of the world, and according to the recommendations of the working groups of the European and world association of the medical informatics. The theoretical and practical tuition performance in the wholeness is performed by the help and at the computer, and the final knowledge check of the students also is performed at the computer specially by the concepted questions set in the basis which encircled nearly 1500 questions combinations.

Attitude↗

PubMed2003

Combining medical informatics and bioinformatics toward tools for personalized medicine.

OBJECTIVES: Key bioinformatics and medical informatics research areas need to be identified to advance knowledge and understanding of disease risk factors and molecular disease pathology in the 21 st century toward new diagnoses, prognoses, and treatments. METHODS: Three high-impact informatics areas are identified: predictive medicine (to identify significant correlations within clinical data using statistical and artificial intelligence methods), along with pathway informatics and cellular simulations (that combine biological knowledge with advanced informatics to elucidate molecular disease pathology). RESULTS: Initial predictive models have been developed for a pilot study in Huntington's disease. An initial bioinformatics platform has been developed for the reconstruction and analysis of pathways, and work has begun on pathway simulation. CONCLUSIONS: A bioinformatics research program has been established at GE Global Research Center as an important technology toward next generation medical diagnostics. We anticipate that 21 st century medical research will be a combination of informatics tools with traditional biology wet lab research, and that this will translate to increased use of informatics techniques in the clinic.

Biomedical Research↗

PubMed2003

Ten years of medical informatics education experience at the Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo.

INTRODUCTION: The medical informatics as the separate medical discipline very quickly gets developed, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In our country, the medical informatics is a separate subject for the last ten years, regarding to the Medical curriculum at the biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina is in accordance with the project of the education related to Bologna declaration and the project EURO MEDICINA. This year the Chair of the Medical Informatics of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo celebrates ten years of its existence. WORK METHOD: By the descriptive method of the research which included the questionnaire of about 400 students of the biomedical faculties, we established the attitudes and we took into consideration opinions of the students of these faculties about the validity of the contents of the subject of the medical informatics, the availability of the adoption of the material by the theoretical and practical performance of the teaching process and the suggestions and recommendations of the students about the contents that have to be throwned out from the curriculum and the teaching material that needs to be included. WORK RESULTS: The research was performed using the separate questionnaire pattern data carriers with the defined characteristics for the quality assessment of the performed course. The total attitude of the assessed students speaks about dominantly expressed satisfaction with the majority of the parameters that are important for assessment of the quality and the tuition contents that was evaluated during the questionnaire. The results are shown in the tables and graphs, and they are describing the program of the tuition and the contents of the methodical units, and the system of the examination for the students using the method of "multiple choice". CONCLUSION: The education in the field of the medical informatics is based at the concept which is used in the developed countries of the world, and according the recommendations of the working groups of the European and world association of the medical informatics. The theoretical and practical teaching and training performance in the wholeness is performed by use of the computer equipment, and the final knowledge check of the students also is performed using the Data Base Management System MSAccess specifically designed to cover full teaching and training material by using questions set in the data base which encircled nearly 1500 questions combinations.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗

PubMed2004

Education of medical informatics at Medical Faculty of Sarajevo.

The medical informatics as the separate medical discipline very quickly gets developed, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In our country, the medical informatics is a separate subject for the last ten years, regarding to the Medical curriculum at the biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina is in accordance with the project of the education related to Bologna declaration and the project EURO MEDICINA. Last year the Chair of the Medical Informatics of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo celebrates ten years of its existence. The research was performed using the separate questionnaire patterns data carriers with the defined characteristics for the quality assessment of the performed course. The total attitude of the assessed students speaks about dominantly expressed satisfaction with the majority of the parameters that are important for assessment of the quality and the tuition contents which were evaluated during the questionnaire. The education in the field of the medical informatics is based at the concept which is used in the developed countries of the world, and according the recommendations of the working groups of the European and world association of the medical informatics. The theoretical and practical teaching and training performance in the wholeness is performed by use of the computer equipment, and the final knowledge check of the students also is performed using the Data Base Management System MSAccess specifically designed to cover full teaching and training material by using questions set in the data base which encircled nearly 1500 questions combinations. In this paper author presents ten years of experience of medical informatics education at biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗

PubMed2004

Comparing health/medical informatics graduate program curricula against two sets of professional criteria.

Students often have a difficult time determining the differences among training programs and deciding which best meets their needs, especially in the area of health and medical informatics, where training programs often have similar names but very different content. This manuscript describes a methodology for systematically analyzing the content of graduate programs in health and medical informatics. This methodology attempts to determine if the systematic analysis of published competencies can be used to identify differences among the ever-increasing number of informatics graduate programs. The authors use the methodology to compare four graduate informatics programs to two sets of professional criteria: the Certified Professional in Healthcare Information Management Systems (CPHIMS) exam objectives published by HIMSS and the recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Working Group for Education (WG1) for competencies in medical informatics. This article discusses similarities and differences among the programs. Criteria and the implications of the differences are described.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2004

Evolution of medical informatics in bibliographic databases.

Medical informatics became a medical specialty during the last years and this is evidenced by a great amount of journal articles regarding the subject published worldwide. We compared the presentation of Medical Informatics in two different bibliographic databases: MEDLINE and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on the Health Sciences). Previous studies described how Medical Informatics was represented in MEDLINE, but we wanted to compare it to a regional database as LILACS. We search both databases completely (MEDLINE 1966 -2002 and LILACS 1982-2002) using the keyword "Medical Informatics" as MeSH term in MEDLINE and as DeCS term in LILACS, and we added "medical informatics" as text word and analyzed the references obtained as results. We found that MEDLINE properly represents the impact of Medical Informatics in non-Latin-American international journals, but lacks of a considerable amount of articles from this region, while LILACS, although in comparison it is smaller in size, has more articles regarding the subject. So we think that LILACS properly represents the specialty in Latin America and the Caribbean Region.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2004

A health informatics educational framework.

There is a need to be able to define a Health Informatician by their graduate attributes. Futhermore global health informatics education that facilitates student mobility requires a common understanding of educational outcomes. An internationally agreed health informatics education framework will facilitate us to meet these needs. This chapter provides an overview of a considerable amount of work undertaken in a number of countries and by IMIA's health and medical informatics education working group. We need to make good use of these foundations as they clarify the various health informatics roles and functions together with their associated health informatics competency requirements. We are now in a good position to progress this work by developing a health informatics qualifications and educational framework. This is expected to assist educational providers with curriculum development.

Computer User Training↗

PubMed2004

Competencies and credentialing: nursing informatics.

This paper provides an overview and description of the processes that address the competencies and credentialing of nurses in the field of nursing informatics (NI). It provides the highlights of the informatics competencies that were proposed as the NI field advanced. It also provides an overview of the ANCC nursing informatics credentialing process. It will also present the credentialing process of the HIMSS organization which offers several different certifications. And finally it will address the new process for the international certification entitled Nursing Informatics Competency Recognition Certificate. The Nursing Informatics Special Interest Group of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA/NI-SIG) approved this certificate at the general assembly meeting during NI'2003 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The certification is based on a professional portfolio that demonstrates expertise in this field for nurses outside the USA and Canada.

Credentialing↗

PubMed2006

Fifty years in medical informatics.

OBJECTIVES: An overview of personal experiences in medical informatics based on Dr. Morris Collen's 50 years of research in the field. METHODS: A personal reminiscence and historical overview, focusing on the first two decades of medical informatics, when Dr. Collen began working with Dr. Sidney Garfield, the founder of Kaiser Permanente, leading to his involvement in computer-based medical care, through the development of the pioneering Automated Multiphasic Health Testing (AMHT) system, which they introduced into Kaiser clinics in Oakland and San Francisco. RESULTS: Statistical models for medical decision-making based on consultations with Jerzy Neyman and George Dantzig were incorporated into the AMHT, and tested on a large database of cases. Meetings with other pioneers in medical informatics at the Karolinska Institute led to the formation of the early society Salutas Unitas, and the many national and international collaborations which followed during the first two decades helped coalesce the field as clinicians and researchers investigated problems of medical data, decision support, and laboratory, hospital, and library information systems. CONCLUSION: Dr. Collen's research and his many medical informatics activities significantly contributed to the growth of the field. The U.S. contributions are covered extensively in his book, A History of Medical Informatics in the United States, 1950-1990. Washington, DC: Am Med Informatics Association 1995.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗