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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Information retrieval for patient care.

Doctors need clinical information during most consultations with patients, and much of this need could be satisfied by material from online sources. Advances in data communication technologies mean that multimedia information can be transported rapidly to various clinical care locations. However, selecting the few items of information likely to be useful in a particular clinical situation from the mass of information available is a major problem. Current information retrieval systems are designed primarily for use in research rather than clinical care. The design, implementation, and critical evaluation of new information retrieval systems for clinical care should be guided by knowledgeable clinical users.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

World Wide Web-based access to heterogenous information resources for cytokine research and education.

Cytokines are currently the focus of intense research efforts, and information related to cytokine biology is expanding at an extremely rapid rate. The primary literature has become insufficient as a source for timely information, and efficient searches of the older literature are complicated by the nature of cytokine nomenclature. A few computer-accessible cytokine-related data sources have recently been developed, but these are typically limited in scope and not integrated with other information resources. We have developed Cytokine Explorer, a World Wide Web (WWW)-based resource to provide access to and guidance in use of information for research and education in cytokine biology. The resource consists of: (1) a searchable thesaurus of cytokine nomenclature; (2) a cytokine reagent database containing information from academic institutions and commercial sources; (3) a set of links to cytokine-related WWW sites; and (4) a database of functional information retrieval maps for guided retrieval of cytokine information from combinations of heterogeneous sources.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

On the nature of global classification.

Molecular sequencing technology has brought biology into the era of global (universal) classification. Methodologically and philosophically, global classification differs significantly from traditional, local classification. The need for uniformity requires that higher level taxa be defined on the molecular level in terms of universally homologous functions. A global classification should reflect both principal dimensions of the evolutionary process: genealogical relationship and quality and extent of divergence within a group. The ultimate purpose of a global classification is not simply information storage and retrieval; such a system should also function as an heuristic representation of the evolutionary paradigm that exerts a directing influence on the course of biology. The global system envisioned allows paraphyletic taxa. To retain maximal phylogenetic information in these cases, minor notational amendments in existing taxonomic conventions should be adopted.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1981

Recognition and recall: an electroencephalographic investigation of hemispheric alpha asymmetries for males and females on perceptual and retrieval tasks.

Hemisphere alpha asymmetries of males and females were obtained during the presentation of connected verbal material under instructions of recall or recognition and during the retrieval tasks requiring recall or recognition which were compared to a "vigilance" condition. Significantly more left hemispheric participation was found for the retrieval/recognition tasks than for the perceptual, listening tasks. The notion that brain mechanisms involved in information storage or retrieval for recall and recognition tasks are different was not supported. Asymmetries between the males and females did not differ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Accessing heterogeneous sources of evidence to answer clinical questions.

The large and rapidly growing number of information sources relevant to health care, and the increasing amounts of new evidence produced by researchers, are improving the access of professionals and students to valuable information. However, seeking and filtering useful, valid information can be still very difficult. An online information system that conducts searches based on individual patient data can have a beneficial influence on the particular patient's outcome and educate the healthcare worker. In this paper, we describe the underlying model for a system that aims to facilitate the search for evidence based on clinicians' needs. This paper reviews studies of information needs of clinicians, describes principles of information retrieval, and examines the role that standardized terminologies can play in the integration between a clinical system and literature resources, as well as in the information retrieval process. The paper also describes a model for a digital library system that supports the integration of clinical systems with online information sources, making use of information available in the electronic medical record to enhance searches and information retrieval. The model builds on several different, previously developed techniques to identify information themes that are relevant to specific clinical data. Using a framework of evidence-based practice, the system generates well-structured questions with the intent of enhancing information retrieval. We believe that by helping clinicians to pose well-structured clinical queries and including in them relevant information from individual patients' medical records, we can enhance information retrieval and thus can improve patient-care.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1980

An algebraic model of an associative noise-like coding memory.

A mathematical model of an associative memory is presented, sharing with the optical holography memory systems the properties which establish an analogy with biological memory. This memory system--developed from Gabor's model of memory--is based on a noise-like coding of the information by which it realizes a distributed, damage-tolerant, "equipotential" storage through simultaneous state changes of discrete substratum elements. Each two associated items being stored are coded by each other by means of two noise-like patterns obtained from them through a randomizing preprocessing. The algebraic transformations operating the information storage and retrieval are matrix-vector products involving Toeplitz type matrices. Several noise-like coded memory traces are superimposed on a common substratum without crosstalk interference; moreover, extraneous noise added to these memory traces does not injure the stored information. The main performances shown by this memory model are: i) the selective, complete recovering of stored information from incomplete keys, both mixed with extraneous information and translated from the position learnt; ii) a dynamic recollection where the information just recovered acts as a new key for a sequential retrieval process; iii) context-dependent responses. The hypothesis that the information is stored in the nervous system through a noise-like coding is suggested. The model has been simulated on a digital computer using bidimensional images.

Computers↗
PubMed1996

Florida physicians' guide to on-line information and the Internet.

The combination of new computing technology with progress in data communications over wide geographic areas offers computer users the opportunity to publish information to each other rapidly across wide geographic expanses. The concept of networking computers to gain access to the most recent and widest range of available information is consistent with the aims and methods of quality health care. The Internet is the ultimate extension to the computer network concept- an unlimited link of digital servers and users world-wide, united by common protocols for purposes of information exchange, self-policed and without central controls. Although the concept is attractive, on-line servers and the Internet are sophisticated information tools whose most effective use requires that users be oriented to basic concepts and conventions. This article summarizes the basic conventions in computer networking and data security; the differences in concept and use between bulletin board systems (BBSes), online systems, and the Internet for information access; the various classes of Internet information resources and their uses; the basic use of search engines to expedite information retrieval in the Internet; and offers practical advice in choosing methods of Internet access.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of two methods for indexing and retrieval from a full-text medical database.

The objective of this study was to compare how well medical professionals are able to retrieve relevant literature references using two computerized literature searching systems that provide automated (non-human) indexing of content. The first program was SAPHIRE, which features concept-based indexing, free-text input of queries, and ranking of retrieved references for relevance. The second program was SWORD, which provides single-word searching using Boolean operators (AND, OR). Sixteen fourth-year medical students participated in the study. The database for searching was six volumes from the 1989 Yearbook series. The queries were ten questions generated on teaching rounds. All subjects searched half the queries with each program. After the searching, each subject was given a questionnaire about prior experience and preferences about the two programs. Recall (proportion of relevant articles retrieved from the database) and precision (proportion of relevant articles in the retrieved set) were measured for each search done by each participant. Mean recall was 57.6% with SAPHIRE; it was 58.6% with SWORD. Precision was 48.1% with SAPHIRE vs 57.6% with SWORD. Each program was rated easier to use than the other by half of the searchers, and preferences were associated with better searching performance for that program. Both systems achieved recall and precision comparable to existing systems and may represent effective alternatives to MEDLINE and other retrieval systems based on human indexing for searching medical literature.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

Exploring the UMLS: a rough sets based theoretical framework.

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) [1] has a unique and leading position in the evolution of thesauri and metathesauri. Features that set it apart are: its composition from more than fifty component health care vocabularies; the sophisticated UMLS ontology linking the Metathesaurus with structures such as the Semantic Network and the SPECIALIST lexicon; and the high level of social collaboration invested in its construction and growth. It is our thesis that in order to successfully harness such a complex vocabulary for text retrieval we need sophisticated methods derived from a deeper understanding of the UMLS system. Thus we propose a theoretical framework based on the theory of rough sets, that supports the systematic and exploratory investigation of the UMLS Metathesaurus for text retrieval. Our goal is to make it more feasible for individuals such as patients and health care professionals to access relevant information at the point of need.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Longevity science research retrieval system using the thesaurus specifically developed for the science].

Gerontology is a new field including various disciplines such as medicine, engineering science, social science etc, and is sometimes called as "longevity science". Because of the wide area of the field, it is important to show the scope of the science and the development of its thesaurus contributes to this end. We developed a relevant thesaurus based on the research funded by Longevity Science Promotion Organization, and using the thesaurus, we also developed a database and retrieval system of the gerontology research. This system can be accessed on the Internet.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Retrieving research studies: a comparison of bibliographic and full-text versions of the New England Journal of Medicine.

It has been established that subject searches of medical full-text databases obtain higher recall than subject searches in a bibliographic database. In this study we attempted to determine if the same rule might apply when searching for a non-subject parameter such as study design. A simultaneous search of bibliographic and full-text records from the New England Journal of Medicine provided data on the number of items retrieved by each kind of search. Filtering strategies were created for 5 different study types: randomized controlled trials, other clinical trials and prospective studies, cohort studies, longitudinal and follow-up studies, and multicenter studies. The point of the study was to compare the numbers of items retrieved from the bibliographic database, MEDLINE, and those retrieved from the full-text version of NEJM, and to examine the unique access points available in each file. For all the study types the full-text file retrieved a larger number of records than MEDLINE, most of which were retrieved because of methodology terms found in the text but not in the title or abstract. In MEDLINE, descriptors and publication types, two value-added fields supplied by indexers, retrieved 11-89% more than title and abstract alone.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1978

Comprehensive cardiac pacemaker information system: basis for a regional follow-up network.

The capabilities of a mini-computer-oriented permanent pacemaker information system are described. Extensive patient and pacer functional data are maintained in readily accessible files which may be displayed on a CRT terminal or printed out. Selective sorting of stored information may be accomplished according to any desired set of inclusive or exclusive criteria. Intelligent, comprehensive patient follow-up has been greatly facilitated through application of the system. In view of the rapidly expanding pacemaker population, it is suggested that cooperative regional networks operating with comparable information storage and retrieval structures will provide the only means for adequate patient surveillance and compilation of necessary pacemaker data.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed2001

Long-term depression: a cellular basis for learning?

Long-term depression (LTD) comprises a persistent activity-dependent reduction in synaptic efficacy which typically occurs following repeated low frequency afferent stimulation. Hippocampal LTD has been a subject of particular interest due to the established role of the hippocampus in certain forms of information storage and retrieval. Recently, it was reported that LTD in the CA1 region may be associated with novelty acquisition in rats. CA1 LTD expression may also be increased in stressful conditions. This suggests a more complex role for this form of plasticity than the oft-cited hypothesis that it simply serves to prevent synapse saturation, by means, for example, of enabling reversal of long-term potentiation (LTP). One possibility is that LTD may be directly involved in the creation of a memory trace. Alternatively, LTD may prime a synapse in readiness for the expression of LTP, thereby contributing indirectly to information storage. There is increasing evidence that LTD is not mechanistically the reverse of LTP. Although some common processes exist, molecular, biochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological studies all point to several quite distinct induction and maintenance mechanisms for this form of synaptic plasticity. Taken together these findings suggest that hippocampal LTD must be considered in a new light. This review focuses on the interpretation of novel and established information with regard to LTD in the hippocampal CA1 region in terms of its possible role as a cellular basis for learning and memory.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MARVIN, multi-agent softbot to retrieve multilingual medical information on the Web.

The World-Wide Web is an unstructured, multimedia and multilingual information network. While most efforts have addressed the structuring issue, very few attempts have been proposed to provide support for multilingual information retrieval. Yet, medical information is now available all over the world. The MARVIN (Multi-Agent Retrieval Vagabond on Information Network) softbot and its associated medical search engine MedHunt (Medical Hunter) are a solution for helping people, who only understand a few languages, to access multilingual information.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMed2004

Ontology development for unified traditional Chinese medical language system.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a complete knowledge system researches into human health conditions via a different approach compared to orthodox medicine. We are developing a unified traditional Chinese medical language system (UTCMLS) through an ontology approach that will support TCM language knowledge storage, concept-based information retrieval and information integration. UTCMLS is a huge knowledge project, which is a broad collaboration of 16 distributed groups, most of them with no prior experience of formal ontology development. Therefore, the cooperative and comprehensive ontology engineering is crucial. We use Protégé 2000 for ontology development of concepts and relationships that represent the domain and that will permit storage of TCM knowledge. This paper focuses on the methodology, design and development of ontology for UTCMLS.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Enhancing access to the Bibliome: the TREC Genomics Track.

The growing amount of scientific discovery in genomics and related biomedical disciplines has led to a corresponding increase in the amount of on-line data and information. A new challenge for biomedical researchers has been how to access and manage this ever-increasing quantity of information. The Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) has implemented a Genomics Track to create an experimental environment for research in the use of information retrieval systems in the genomics domain. In the first year of the track, an ad hoc document retrieval task and an information extraction task were carried out by 29 research groups. Future work will focus on more complex data sources, searching tasks, and types of experiments.

Computational Biology↗