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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Validation of two rating scales for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in Colombian children.

This study assesses the validity of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-parent and teacher questionnaires for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in a randomized sample of 344 Colombian children (145 cases, 199 controls), males and females, ages 6 to 11, with an estimated Wechsler Full Scale Intelligence Quotient over 70. The assessment protocol for both groups included psychiatric, neurologic, and psychological interviews, parent and teacher rating forms, and an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Checklist. All Behavioral Assessment System for Children-parent and teacher dimensions, except withdrawal and somatization, significantly differentiated cases and controls. Parents and teachers rated attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder combined type children as significantly more aggressive. Both questionnaires had good discriminant accuracy for detecting cases and control children, but accuracy for discriminating between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes was poor. The Behavioral Assessment System for Children-parent and teacher questionnaires for 6- to 11-year-olds may be useful tools for diagnosing the presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Additional assessment methods will be needed to discriminate between the subtypes.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2005

Global sleep dissatisfaction for the assessment of insomnia severity in the general population of Portugal.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of insomnia symptoms and sleep dissatisfaction in the general population of Portugal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We interviewed by telephone 1858 participants aged 18 years or older and representative of the general population of Portugal using the Sleep-EVAL system. Participation rate was 83%. The questionnaire included the assessment of sleep habits, insomnia symptomatology according to DSM-IV and ICSD classifications, associated and sleep/mental disorders and daytime consequences. RESULTS: Insomnia symptoms occurring at least 3 nights per week were reported by 28.1% of the sample and global sleep dissatisfaction (GSD) by 10.1%. Difficulty maintaining sleep was the most frequent symptom (21.0%); 29.4% of subjects with insomnia symptoms reported GSD. Daytime consequences, medical consultations for sleep and use of sleep medication were at least 2 times more frequent among subjects with insomnia symptoms and GSD compared to subjects with insomnia symptoms without GSD; insomnia diagnoses were also more frequent in the GSD group. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a severity gradation among subjects with only 1 insomnia symptom, those with 2 or 3 insomnia symptoms but without GSD and those with at least 1 insomnia symptom and GSD. Specific sleep or psychiatric disorders were identified for the majority of GSD subjects (86%); this rate dropped to 50.6% when only 1 insomnia symptom without GSD was reported. GSD appeared to be a good indicator of the presence of a sleep or psychiatric disorder and a good discriminator of the severity of sleep disturbances among subjects with insomnia symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Neuropsychological changes in a large sample of liver transplant candidates.

One-hundred forty-eight pre-liver transplant candidates completed a psychological interview and brief neuropsychological testing. Assessment measures included the Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status, Shipley Institute of Living Scale, Trail Making Test Parts A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B), and the Folstein Mini Mental State Exam. Participants in our sample scored in the Below Average range of functioning (mean score = 100; SD = 10) on measures of memory (mean = 89.51, SD = 17.43), attention (mean = 87.62, SD = 17.23), and spatial perception (mean = 88.69, SD = 20.39). Scores reflected moderate to severe impairment in organization and processing speed (TMT-B completion time in seconds: mean = 137.22, SD = 88.64). Controlling for the effects of prior education, MELD scores were strongly correlated with poorer performance on immediate and delayed memory subtests (both P < .01), as well as with diminished attentional capacity (P = .03). MELD scores also were significantly related to slower completion times on the TMT-A and TMT-B (both P < .05). Furthermore, independent sample t tests indicated that patients with higher MELD scores (>10) experienced significantly greater difficulty with executive functioning (P < .05) and delayed memory (P < .05) than those with lower MELD scores. Thorough evaluations of cognitive functioning are needed pretransplant to identify and treat cases of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy before daily functioning becomes significantly impaired.

Attention↗
PubMed1995

Psychological study of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer participants' attitudes toward the destiny of their supernumerary embryos.

OBJECTIVE: To study the motivations underlying IVF-ET participants' choice to donate or destroy their supernumerary embryos. DESIGN: Couples' opinions are studied through a questionnaire and a psychological interview. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred couples about to undergo IVF-ET. SETTING: The fertility unit of an academic hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Couples' choice for supernumerary embryos' destiny; opinions on embryo status, on importance of genetic lineage in the filial bonding, on gamete donation, and on multiple pregnancy risk. RESULTS: Donation is the most frequent choice but destruction is tolerated by almost all the couples (92%). Couples considering the embryo as a child choose destruction as frequently as donation but refuse experimentation on the embryo. Donation is highest among couples who stress education more than genetic lineage in parental bonding. This is confirmed by the choice of the couples requiring donor gametes. Couples express differing attitudes toward risks of twins and risks of triplets: twins are much more desired than triplets, which are frequently refused. CONCLUSIONS: Couples' opinions on the respective importance of genetic lineage and education in defining parental bonding are more determinant in their decision to destroy or to donate their supernumerary embryos than their opinions on the in vitro embryo status, which only determines their attitude toward experimentation.

Attitude↗
PubMed2001

Somatizing frequent attenders in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association of somatization with frequent attendance in primary health care. METHODS: Frequent attenders in a health center (FAs) (N=112) and age- and sex-matched controls (COs) (N=105) constituted the study series. Data were collected from annual statistics, medical records, postal questionnaires and personal interviews. Psychological distress was assessed using Symptom Checklist-36 (SCL-36), alexithymia was measured with Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and hypochondriasis was screened with Whiteley Index (WI). RESULTS: About one-third of FAs were somatizers when a cut-off point of eight symptoms on the SCL-36 somatization subscale was used as a criterion. The significant association of somatization with frequent attendance disappeared in multivariate analyses when adjusted for age, sex and chronic somatic illnesses. Hypochondriacal beliefs and psychiatric comorbidity were connected with FAs' somatization. Hypochondriacal beliefs explained somatizers' frequent attendance. A significant interaction effect between somatization and hypochondriacal beliefs was found when explaining frequent attendance. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the need to use a comprehensive approach of somatization, including hypochondriacal beliefs, when treating somatizing FA patients in primary health care.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Early and late onset depression in old age: different aetiologies, same phenomenology.

BACKGROUND: Phenomenological differences between older patients with early onset (EO; onset of first major depressive episode before 60 years) and late onset (LO) depression have been inconsistent but, if real, may reflect differences in aetiology. We aimed to compare aetiological factors, phenomenology and cognitive function in older patients with depression by age of onset. METHODS: Subjects were all patients > or =60 years old (n=73) from 407 consecutive attenders to a Mood Disorders Unit, diagnosed with DSM-III-R Major Depressive Episode, at or close to the nadir of their episode. Putative risk factors were assessed by structured interview. Psychological morbidity and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, CORE rating of psychomotor disturbance, Newcastle Endogeneity Scale, Zung Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Cognition was assessed by tests of memory, attention, executive function and motor speed. RESULTS: Personality abnormalities, a family history of psychiatric illness and dysfunctional past maternal relationships were significantly more common in EO depression. The two age of onset groups were essentially similar in terms of depressive sub-type and severity, phenomenology, history of previous episode, and in neuropsychological performance. LIMITATIONS: Use of self-report data, moderate sample size, sample not age-matched, tertiary referral patients. CONCLUSIONS: EO and LO depression are similar phenotypically, but differ aetiologically. The pursuit of mechanisms which predispose depressive episodes may be heuristically more valuable than further investigation of individual depressive features in distinguishing early from late onset depression.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Research into communication and health. A Spanish and international perspective through bibliometric analysis].

OBJECTIVES: 1. To find the scientific output on communication and health both in Spain and internationally. 2. To compare the two outputs according to the type of articles published and the design of the research. DESIGN: Descriptive and bibliometric study. MATERIAL: The data bases MEDLINE (1995-2000) and IME (1990-2000) and the books summarising papers from semFYC Congresses (1995-2000) were used. MEASUREMENTS: The number of articles on MEDLINE published and indexed with the description < >, plus a series of subject describers that could be included under the heading < >, were counted. On the IME and in the semFYC congress summaries the describers < > were used. The articles indexed on MEDLINE-IME were compared for their classification as original articles, clinical practice guidelines, review, editorial or letter to the editor. Original articles were classified in randomised and non-randomised trials, meta-analysis and observation studies. MAIN RESULTS: 6766 articles were found on MEDLINE, 42 on the IME (0.046% of the total indexed) and 34 summaries from semFYC congresses (1.47% of the total). Among the most commonly studied questions were found patients' information and education, professional stress and psychological interviews; among the least studied were difficult and aggressive patients, negotiation and people accompanying patients. The original articles on MEDLINE and IME were 70% and 37%; and review articles, 11% and 44%. 1.4% of MEDLINE articles were randomised trials; and 0.08%, meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Communication and health research is a young field that still requires descriptive studies. There is little scientific output in this area in Spain, with few original papers and too many reviews.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2002

Reliability and validity of the youth asset survey (YAS).

PURPOSE: To describe the construction of a survey that was developed to measure youth assets. The paper details the ten youth developmental assets measures within the survey, including the psychometric properties of those measures derived from factor analysis and reliability testing. METHODS: Three studies were conducted, including a study of 1,350 randomly selected youth (mean age = 15.4 years; 52% female; 47% white, 22% black, 19% Hispanic, 10% Native American), using in-person interviews, to develop an asset instrument tool. Factor analysis was performed on a correlation matrix, using principal axis factoring, and varimax rotation. The criteria were set to extract eight factors. RESULTS: The eight factors extracted represented six developmental assets as originally defined, including Family Communication, Peer Role Models, Future Aspirations, Responsible Choices, Community Involvement, and Non-Parental Role Models. One asset (Constructive Use of Time) was split into two specific assets: groups/sports and religious time. Two assets did not form factors (Good Health Practices [exercise/nutrition] and Cultural Respect) and were defined as one-item assets. All factor loading scores were.40 or higher and all Cronbach alphas were.60 or higher. CONCLUSIONS: Factor analyses suggest that the constructs are reliable measures of youth developmental assets. The psychometrically sound asset measures presented here will provide scientists with valid and reliable instruments to assess and compare the prevalence of youth assets across populations and to investigate potential relationships between youth assets and other outcomes, such as youth risk behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Comparative phenomenology of ataques de nervios, panic attacks, and panic disorder.

This article examines a clinical sample of 66 Dominican and Puerto Rican subjects who reported ataques de nervios and also psychiatric disorder, and disentangles the phenomenological experiences of ataque de nervios, panic attacks, and panic disorder. In-depth cultural interviews assessed the symptomatic phenomenology of ataque episodes from the local perspective as well as in terms of key panic features, such as recurrence, rapid peaking of symptoms, and lack of provocation. Independent diagnostic assessments of panic attacks and disorder were also used to establish the phenomenological overlap between ataque and panic. Our findings indicate that 36 percent of ataques de nervios fulfill criteria for panic attacks and between 17 percent and 33 percent for panic disorder, depending on the overlap method used. The main features distinguishing ataques that fulfill panic criteria from ataques that do not include whether the episodes were provoked by an upsetting event in the person's life and the rapidity of crescendo of the actual attack. A key finding is that ataques often share individual phenomenological features with panic episodes, but that these features usually do not "run together" during the ataque experience. This confirms previous findings that ataque is a more inclusive construct than panic disorder. The importance of these findings for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of persons with ataques is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sexual and reproductive health in men with generalized epilepsy: a multidisciplinary evaluation.

This study was specifically aimed to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health in a group of men with generalized epilepsy. In total, 44 men with generalized epilepsy were included in this study, their ages between 18 and 48 years (29.2+/-9.9) and duration of illness between 2 and 35 years (11.2+/-7.4); 34 patients were treated with conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Sexological and psychological interviews together with serum total testosterone, E(2), FSH, LH and prolactin were determined. Hyposexuality was diagnosed in 61.4%. Erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation represented 70.4 and 66.7%, respectively. Variables such as hyposexuality, seizure duration and its poor control on AEDs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Compared to the normal control group, all patients reported elevated E(2) levels (P<0.001), 10 had FSH (n=4) and LH (n=6) levels exceeding that of the normal range for controls and two had hyperprolactinemia. Although the patients' mean value of total testosterone remained within the normal range, but it was significantly lower in hyposexual men compared to nonhyposexual (P<0.002), only two epileptic patients had markedly reduced level of total testosterone beyond normal control levels. This study strongly supports that: (1) The risk of hyposexuality and reproductive disturbances is high in epileptic patients with GTC convulsions despite the AEDs utilized. The risk for SD is further increased by poor seizure control and the frequently accompanied depressive manifestations. (2) It is possible that elevated E2 could increase the risk of SD by reducing active testosterone through negative feedback and the reduction of active testosterone could increase seizure intractability to antiepileptic medications.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Impact of postnatal depression on breastfeeding duration.

BACKGROUND: Postnatal depression can cause adverse effects on both mother and infant, but its impact on breastfeeding duration is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal postnatal depression and breastfeeding duration. METHODS: A cohort of 1745 women was recruited on the postnatal wards of two large Australian obstetric hospitals. Self-report questionnaires were completed at recruitment, and at 2, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Breastfeeding status was determined at each follow-up, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen for symptoms of depression. Diagnostic psychological interviews were conducted on a subsample of women at each interval. RESULTS: Breastfeeding was initiated by 96 percent of the participants; at 2 months 79 percent were still breastfeeding, 57 percent at 6 months, and 22 percent at 12 months. Of the 18 percent of participants diagnosed with postnatal depression, the onset occurred before 2 months in 63 percent of cases. Median duration of breastfeeding was 26 weeks for women with early-onset depression, 28 weeks for women with late-onset depression, and 39 weeks for women without depression. After adjustment for confounding factors, early cessation of breastfeeding was found to be significantly associated with postnatal depression (adjusted hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.52). Onset of postnatal depression occurred before cessation of breastfeeding in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: Postnatal depression has a significant negative impact on breastfeeding duration. Assistance with breastfeeding issues should be included in the management of postnatal depression.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A new and successful chance in surgical treatment of gastrooesophageal reflux in severely neurologically impaired children: Bianchi's procedure.

AIM: Neurologically impaired (NI) children present with neuromuscular incoordination and severe gastroesophageal reflux (GER). In these cases, Bianchi has proposed total oesophagogastric dissociation (OGD) as a primary procedure and not only after failed fundoplication. METHODS: Anthropometric and laboratory data, incidence of respiratory symptoms, days of hospitalisation, time of feeding, stool frequency and quality of life were tested preoperatively and after OGD over a 12-month period in 13 severe NI patients. RESULTS: Results are shown in Table 1. We also recorded improvement in quality of life, based on communication by the person responsible for the care of the subject, and determined by psychological interviews. CONCLUSIONS: OGD is a successful and feasible procedure and can be included as a primary definitive surgical treatment in individualised nutritional rehabilitation planning for each severe NI child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and others: allergological, environmental and psychological investigations in individuals with indoor air related complaints.

Clinical observations point to an expanding group of individuals attributing hypersensitivity phenomena to indoor air pollution. It was the aim of this study to characterize such subjects by an interdisciplinary approach. Sixty-five individuals, recruited by a public campaign, were studied by a thorough allergological examination and a structured psychological interview. Measurements of common indoor pollutants in the air and in the dust were performed in rooms of several selected patients. Forty-two patients (65%) revealed a sensitization to common allergens, out of these 32 (49%) to house dust mites. Thirty-eight (58%) patients showed a psychosomatic or psychotic disorder. Increased concentrations of at least one of the measured indoor air pollutants were found in 11 out of 13 investigated houses. According to these results, four groups of patients could be identified: Seventeen patients (26%) had "classic" allergic diseases treated inadequately. In 19 patients (29%) allergic diseases were superimposed by strong psychosomatic interactions. An exclusive psychosomatic or psychotic cause of the complaints was found in 19 (29%). Ten subjects (16%) had "classic" allergic diseases (e.g. allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria), however, there were additional indications of hypersensitivity reactions to components other than classical allergens. Patients presenting with hypersensitivity phenomena attributed by themselves to indoor air pollution are a heterogeneous group and need a diligent work-up including intense allergological examination. The role of increased concentrations of indoor air pollutants has to be elucidated further.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Incidence and risk factors for depression and anxiety disorders: results from a 34-year longitudinal Swedish cohort study.

This study is based on a total cohort (N = 192) of people born in 1902 and 1903 and living in southern Sweden. Subjects were assessed at baseline when 67 years of age and on eight further occasions over 34 years or until death. The participation rate in the nine examinations ranged from 78-100%. Interviews, psychological tests, and medical examinations were used as well as information on medical diagnoses from primary health care records and hospital records. The cumulative probability for the development of clinical depression during the follow-up was 8% and for anxiety 6%. The incidence rate for depression and for anxiety was highest during the period 67-81 years. Persons with poor financial status were more likely to be diagnosed with depression but no significant risk factor for anxiety was found. Only 14% developed depression and anxiety during the follow-up period, females more often than men. The strongest risk factors for the development of depression were perceived economic problems.

Aged↗