[Tumor of the lacrimal apparatus. Investigations and therapeutic management].
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The anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct of llamas was examined grossly and radiographically in 2 llamas. Dacryocystorhinography was performed on cadaver heads, using a radiographic aqueous contrast agent. Anatomic casts of the nasolacrimal apparatus were obtained by cannulation of the duct and use of polyurethane cast material. Dacryocystorhinography accurately revealed the nasolacrimal apparatus and compared favorably with gross dissections and polyurethane casts.
Endoscopic approaches to the orbit take advantage of key anatomic relationships that arise from the fact that the sinonasal tract and orbit are contiguous structures separated by thin bone. For the most part, the orbit is surrounded by air-containing sinuses for much of the length of three of its four borders. Thus, a thorough understanding of both sinonasal and orbital anatomy is essential for safe and efficacious surgery in this complex region. The structural features of the lateral nasal wall and medial orbit are highlighted, and relevant aspects of orbital, lacrimal, and paranasal sinus anatomy are reviewed.
The authors report one case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the medical canthus of the orbit. This carcinoma is typified by slow but aggressive growth with multiple local recurrences. Surgery is necessary but radical excision with total exenteration is a difficult decision. Radiotherapy associated to surgery might be usefull.
The term conjunctivitis covers all inflammatory processes affecting the conjunctiva. Bacterial and viral infections are the most frequent causes. Infectious conjunctivitis is rarely severe in industrialized countries, but trachomatous kerato-conjunctivitis is still the main cause of blindness all over the world. Most cases of bacterial conjunctivitis are treated with topical antibiotics. Viral conjunctivitis is frequent and, with the exception of herpetic conjunctivitis, has no specific treatment. Canaliculitis and dacryocystitis are rare but require specialized examination, treatment and follow-up.
With improved imaging methods, the possibility of demonstrating pathological changes in the visual pathways has increased substantially. However, optimal evaluation of visual disorders requires familiarity with the anatomy and pathology of the visual pathways, and with the many advances in neuroimaging. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with a practical approach for selecting the most appropriate imaging modalities. Choice of technique is discussed with reference to anatomical regions rather than a complete list of diseases. Ophthalmoscopy reveals many intraocular abnormalities. Imaging studies help in cases where opaque media preclude a view of the fundus. In addition, imaging studies assist in confirming the extraocular extent of the lesion. The advantages and disadvantages of x-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed and illustrated by examples.
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