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Results for “Life Expectancy--changes”

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PubMed2005

Changes of defense mechanisms and personality profile during group analytic treatment.

Researching efficiency of group-analytic treatment and following Foulkes' principle of the "group-as-a-whole", the methodology was applied. That enabled the evaluation of expected changes of group members individually, as well as the group-as-a-whole. In this study three small groups (20 patients) were followed up and changes were evaluated after second and after fourths years of group analysis. Two measuring instruments--The Life Style Index and Defence Mechanisms Scale (LS-DM) and Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI-201) were applied. Each member of the group was assessed by self-evaluation as well as the group-as-a-whole. The results of the research indicated that changes of the personality occurred. Changes consisted in lowering of defensive activities that was tending towards more mature defences. Changes also consisted in lowering ratings on the pathological parts of the MMPI-scales reflecting shifting of the conflict level. The results could be predictive for positive outcome of group analysis. More studies are needed.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Separation of time scales, fixation probabilities and convergence to evolutionary stable states under isolation by distance.

To a first order of approximation, selection is frequency independent in a wide range of family structured models and in populations following an island model of dispersal, provided the number of families or demes is large and the population is haploid or diploid but allelic effects on phenotype are semidominant. This result underlies the way the evolutionary stability of traits is computed in games with continuous strategy sets. In this paper similar results are derived under isolation by distance. The first-order effect on expected change in allele frequency is given in terms of a measure of local genetic diversity, and of measures of genetic structure which are almost independent of allele frequency in the total population when the number of demes is large. Hence, when the number of demes increases the response to selection becomes of constant sign. This result holds because the relevant neutral measures of population structure converge to equilibrium at a rate faster than the rate of allele frequency changes in the total population. In the same conditions and in the absence of demographic fluctuations, the results also provide a simple way to compute the fixation probability of mutants affecting various ecological traits, such as sex ratio, dispersal, life-history, or cooperation, under isolation by distance. This result is illustrated and tested against simulations for mutants affecting the dispersal probability under a stepping-stone model.

Ecology↗