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B-chromosome systems in the greater glider (Petauroides volans volans) (Marsupialia:Petauridae). I. B-chromosome distribution.

Variations in diploid chromosome number, due to the presence of B chromosomes, are found within the distribution of P. v. volans. B chromosomes vary in number between one and eight per animal, are mitotically stable in various body tissues and, unlike the Y chromosome in male P. v. volans, are not eliminated from bone marrow cells. Animals possessing B chromosomes have a distinct distribution, and it appears that a stable equilibrium between the forces of B chromosome accumulation or elimination is operating in those populations possessing these chromosomes.

Anaphase↗

Observations on the primordial oocyte of the bandicoot Isoodon macrourus (Peramelidae, Marsupialia).

An ultrastructural study of bandicoot primordial follicles and oocytes was undertaken, as information on this subject is lacking in marsupials. Conspiculous features of the ooplasm are a paranuclear complex (PNC), a vesicle-microtubule complex (VMC) and an aggregate of tubular cisternae (ATC). The PNCappears as one or, more rarely, several homogeneous eosinophil bodies at the light microscope level. Ultrastructurally it is particulate, consisting of five distinct types of bodies, most of which are composed of concentric fibrillar whorls, but others appear homogeneous, granular or crystalline. Embedded among the particles is a group of Golgi-like vesicles. The bandicoot PNC-unlike similar structures found in the ooplasm of a variety of vertebrates, and known variously as "Balbiani body", "yolk nucleus", etc.-totally lacks nitochondria. The VMC consists of vesicle-like organelles which may be drawn out into tubular extensions, while the bounding membrane may be decorated with granules. Bundles of microtubules ramify between the vesicles, from which they appear to originate. The vesicles contain a matrix similar to the ooplasm. The ATC contains a homogeneous substance more electron-dense than the surrounding ooplasm. 'Dense bodies' occur in the cytoplasm of both the follicle cells and the oocytes. These are elongate membrane-bound organelles, circular in cross section. An electron-dense core is separated from the membrane by a narrow, less dense zone. The genesis and morphogenetic significance of these various organelles is unknown.

Animals↗

Progamotaenia ruficola sp. n. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus (Marsupialia).

Progamotaenia ruficola sp. n. is described from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) from New South Wales, Australia. It is distinguished from other similar species having paired, nondiverticulate uteri in each prolottis: Progamotaenia festiva (Rudolphi 1819), P. diaphana (Zschokke 1907), and P. macropodis Beveridge 1976, by the extremely broad, straight-edged velum, the lack of an external seminal vesicle, the cirrus armature, the number of testes, the lack of vaginal atrophy following insemination, and the morphology of the egg.

Animals↗

Corollostrongylus hypsiprymnodontis gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus (Marsupialia).

Corollostrongylus hypsiprymnodontis (Nematoda: Strongylidae) is described from the intestine of the Musk rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Ramsay 1876, from Atherton, Queensland, Australia. The new genus is distinguished from other genera of the Strongylidae by the dorsal deviation of the head, the oval mouth opening, and the dorsal ray which given off 2 small lateral branches before dividing into 2 long parallel rays.

Animals↗

Observations on the primordial germ cells of bandicoots (Peramelidae, Marsupialia).

Characteristically, bandicoot primordial germ cells are large, lightly staining cells with vesicular nuclei in which the chromatin is clumped beneath the nuclear envelope. Rounded, lightly staining cells in the yolk sac wall of 9 1/2 days old embryos are tentatively identified as primordial germ cells; as they lack other primordial germ cell attributes it is suggested that they may be prospective primordial germ cells in the process of differentiation. The primordial germ cells reach the prominent gonadal rudiments by migration through the hindgut and dorsal mesentery, as in eutherian mammals. In 9 1/2 days old embryos the primordial germ cells are found in the hindgut endoderm and mesoderm. By day 11 they are migrating in the dorsal mesentery. During migration the primordial germ cells undergo both division and attrition. Primordial germ cells reach the gonadal ridges around the perinatal period. No sexual differences are evident at this stage. As the gonadal ridges develop before the primordial germ cells reach their vicinity their development is clearly independent of the primordial germ cells.

Animals↗

Development of the ovary in the brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia).

The urogenital region of 25 fetuses and 75 pouch young, ranging in age from newborn to 103 days (d) in development, was examined in serial histological sections. The rete ridges formed the anterior extensions of the gonadal ridges and gave rise to the rete system and gonads respectively. Sexual differentiation of the ovary commenced 2.5 d after birth, when 2 cell types appeared: the larger of these then clumped together to form the medullary cords, while the smaller cells gave rise to the stroma. Primordial germ cells were still migrating, dividing and populating the peripheral gonadal regions on d 8. Cortex and medulla were distinguishable by d 12, when a thick fibrous zone separated them. The cortex was augmented by cells from the mesothelium. The rete ovarii developed from cell condensations within the rete ridges, made secondary contact with the mesonephroi and penetrated the ovaries but did not contribute to the granulosa cells. It is concluded that, contrary to the situation in most eutherians, in Trichosurus, as in other marsupials examined, the mesonephros does not contribute to rete formation, or to the granulosa cells, which appear to arise from the medullary cords.

Animals↗