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PubMed1984

Parathyroid venous sampling and ultrasonography in primary hyperparathyroidism due to multigland disease.

The results of pre-operative venous sampling and ultrasonography in 20 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, who were shown histologically to have multigland disease, were reviewed. Ultrasonography (15 patients) demonstrated abnormal parathyroid tissue in 46% (seven patients), but correctly predicted only 33% of the involvement or non-involvement of individual glands. The main deficiency was the high number of false negatives. Parathyroid venous sampling (19 patients) showed elevated levels of parathyroid hormone in 18 (94.7%), but overall the sites of normal and abnormal glands were predicted in 56 of 76 sites (73.6%). The investigation was misleading in one patient (5.2%), in that no abnormal glands were predicted. The sampling maps of the above 19 patients were randomly mixed with those of 100 consecutive patients, whose disease was due to a single adenoma. All but one of the multigland disease cases were identified correctly but six of the single adenoma patients were predicted as having two glands involved, and were therefore thought to be multigland. The usefulness of, and difficulties in, diagnosing multigland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism are discussed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Fronto-ethmoidal mucocoeles: a histopathological analysis.

From a series of 118 fronto-ethmoidal mucocoeles, 40 specimens have been submitted to detailed histological analysis. The frequency of each epithelial and sub-epithelial component is considered and reveals features which support a dynamic theory of bone resorption and formation rather than that of pressure erosion in the pathogenesis of mucocoeles.

Epithelium↗
PubMed2000

Selective neuronal vulnerability during experimental scrapie infection: insights from an ultrastructural investigation.

The goal was to test whether all neurons are equally susceptible to degeneration in response to PrP(Sc) scrapie infection. We tested this by immunogold GABA labeling. Our ultrastructural results indicates that GABAergic neurons are less vulnerable than other neuronal populations. This conclusion is supported by our findings: (1) reversal of the normal ratio of non-GABAergic to GABAergic neurons in the terminal stages, which implies that non-GABAergic neurons degenerated earlier, and (2) that the degeneration of GABAergic neurons occurs late in the disease after reactive astrogliosis, a response to nerve cell death.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cystoscopic examination of male and female dogs.

The use of cystoscopy is advocated as an aid to the early differential diagnosis of disease of the canine bladder. Techniques are described for carrying out urethroscopy and cystoscopy in both male and female dogs using modern medical diagnostic instruments. Males were examined with flexible paediatric bronchofibrescopes, which permitted urethroscopy and cystoscopy, but to obtain extensive biopsies or undertake cauterisation of the bladder surface with rigid endoscopes, a simple perineal urethrostomy was necessary. The bladder of females, on the other hand, was examined by cystoscopy and biopsied using standard rigid cystoscopes and resectoscopes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Longitudinal study of body cell mass depletion and the inflammatory response in cancer patients.

There is recent evidence that the inflammatory response may be important in the disproportionate loss of body cell mass in cancer patients. To examine this further, 18 male patients with lung or gastrointestinal cancer were studied over a 12-week period. In addition to weight, anthropometry, C-reactive protein (marker of the inflammatory response), albumin, and total body potassium were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. When those patients who lost total body potassium were compared with those who had not, there was a significant increase in the baseline and 12-week C-reactive protein concentrations (p < 0.05). The reduction in total body potassium was also associated with a reduction in triceps skinfold thickness (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between the mean C-reactive protein concentration and the relative (r = -0.846, p < 0.001) and absolute (r = -0.806, p < 0.001) change in total body potassium over the follow-up period. This study demonstrates the association of a chronic inflammatory response with the rate of loss of body cell mass observed in cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Micturition disturbance in Parkinson's disease.

Ten men with longstanding idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) were investigated by urodynamic and electromyographic methods. The urodynamic studies were repeated after stopping anti-Parkinsonian medication for several hours. All patients showed a difference between the two studies, but the changes were unpredictable. Three patients who had high residual urine volumes in both studies were thought to have prostatic obstruction. EMG analysis showed no evidence of a lower motor neurone lesion affecting the striated urethral sphincter. It was concluded that micturition difficulty in the patient with IPD is due to detrusor hyperreflexia, influenced by the basal ganglia, which is not associated with impaired striated urethral sphincter activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rare submandibular swelling (capillary haemangioma).

The diagnosis of submandibular lumps is usually straightforward, using a combination of history, examination and simple investigation. Most will turn out to be submandibular salivary gland enlargement or lymph node swellings. We present a case in which conventional investigation failed to help in the diagnosis, and was eventually found to be what we believe is the first capillary haemangioma described in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Actinomycosis presenting as carcinoma.

Actinomycosis is rare compared to carcinoma, but the two conditions can present with very similar clinical pictures. Two cases of actinomycosis are reported, one thoracic and one pelvic-abdominal which presented as carcinoma and proceeded to surgery without a histological diagnosis having been established.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1996

Quality of life: perception of lung cancer patients.

An investigation was carried out to examine what quality of life means to lung cancer patients. 200 patients with either lung cancer (108) or chronic respiratory disease (92) were interviewed using a short open-ended questionnaire. They were asked to define quality of life in general, identify what they considered to be a good quality of life for themselves and to rank the relative importance attached to each nominated item. A content analysis was carried out and patients' responses were categorised into eight items. These were: ability to do what one wants to do/work, enjoyment of life, family life, financial security, happiness, health, living longer and social life/leisure activities. Of these, health (42%), enjoyment of life (25%) and family life (24%) were the three most nominated items as definition of quality of life in general. Patients perceived a good quality of life for themselves differently. Family life (58%), health (51%) and social life (43%) were found to be the most nominated components of a good quality of life for the patients. Overall, patients ranked family life and health as the first or second most important factors. There were no significant differences between cases and controls. The study results are challenging and serve to remind us that the term quality of life is misused in many studies. Most existing measures do not encompass the wider aspects of quality of life identified here, but rather concentrate on the "health-related" aspects of quality of life. To achieve this, the research into the best ways of measuring and assessing quality of life must continue to seek individual values and preferences and how these can be applied in a simple way in clinical studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A urodynamic view of bladder outflow obstruction in the female: factors influencing the results of treatment.

169 female patients with outlet obstruction have been studied urodynamically. The results of treatment of the outlet obstruction in 102 patients have been analysed and the reason for the failures discussed. Patients with stable detrusors and those with symptoms of recurrent urinary tract infection responded well to treatment, provided this relieved the obstruction adequately; symptomatic relief was less common in patients with unstable detrusors, despite adequate outflow readjustment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of flavoxate in the treatment of idiopathic detrusor instability.

Detrusor instability occurs in approximately 10% of the adult population, producing troublesome symptoms. The pharmacotherapy currently available is usually only partially effective and cannot be adequately evaluated except under "blind" conditions because of the significant component attributable to placebo effects. The results of the present study revealed no advantage resulting from treatment with flavoxate, as assessed both subjectively and objectively. We suggest that this therapy does not appear to be beneficial in the medical management of detrusor instability.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1988

Special antigens on sperm from autoimmune infertile men.

Sera from three fertile men and four infertile men without sperm antibodies, 17 infertile men with sperm antibodies in serum and seminal plasma (S.P.), and 25 infertile men with sperm antibodies in S.P. were tested by Western Blot analysis against sperm membrane extracts and S.P. from fertile nonautoimmune men and infertile autoimmune men. Sera from fertile men reacted against common antigens with molecular weights (MW) of 28, 38, 48, 60, and 68 kD present on sperm from autoimmune and nonautoimmune men and special antigen of MW 76 kD on the sperm of fertile men. Sera from 15 of 17 (88%) autoimmune infertile men with sperm antibodies in serum and S.P. detected special antigens with MW of 58 kD (sera reactivity in 47% of these men), 43kD (in 29%), 30 kD (in 24%), 35 kD (in 18%), 52 kD (in 12%), 41 kD (in 6%), and 71 kD (in 6%) on the sperm of autoimmune men in addition to the common antigens. Sera from 15 of 25 (60%) men with sperm antibodies in their S.P. showed reactivity to special antigens with MW 52 kD (in 20%), 35 kD (in 16%), 41 kD (in 16%), 58 kD (in 8%), 70/71 kD (in 8%), 30 kD (in 8%), and 56 kD (in 4%). Sera from 18 of 42 (43%) infertile men with sperm antibodies also detected special antigens of MW 26, 46, and 76 kD present only in fertile men's sperm. Sera from only 15 of 42 (36%) autoimmune infertile men reacted against special antigens with MW 17, 20, 23, 30, 43, and 58 kD in the seminal plasma of autoimmune infertile men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens↗
PubMed1989

Aspergillosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses.

Fulminant aspergillosis was diagnosed on nasal biopsy in a 49 year old man who had features of an aspergilloma. Further postmortem examination of this area was performed and the results were contrasted with the histological features of other Aspergillus infections. The nasal biopsy specimen and postmortem examination showed infiltrating Aspergillus hyphae with tissue necrosis and little inflammatory response. The hyphae were easily seen with routine stains. This contrasts with the findings in invasive aspergillosis where there is fibrosis and a granulomatous response to the Aspergillus hyphae. The hyphae are seen in giant cells using fungal stains. In the saprophytic infections aspergilloma and allergic Aspergillus sinusitis there is no tissue invasion or destruction. Aspergillus infections of the nose and paranasal sinuses often require biopsy for accurate diagnosis. As treatment varies pathologists need to be able to distinguish the different patterns of infection.

Aspergillosis↗