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PubMed2006

[A study on preventive effects of mite allergens by specially-fabricated futons with anti-mite treatments].

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of specially-fabricated futons (beds) with anti-mite treatments on reductions of mite allergens (Der p.1 and Der f.1) and serum IgE antibodies against Dp (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), Df (Dermatophagoides farinae) and house dust1. METHODS: The futons made by microfibers (Madoromi: M) and phenolic polymer grafted microfine fibers (Madoromi+ALLER BUSTER: M+A) were used. Three groups of student and nurse subjects were asked to use general woolen cotton futons, and the (M) and (M+A) futons for 11 months, respectively. RESULTS: After the 11 months, the ratios of Der p.1+f.1 allergens in the futons (M) and (M+A) to those in the control futon were 1/3.8 and 1/42.0, respectively, on average. The prevalence of serum IgE antibodies against Dp, Df and house dust1 was found to decrease from 46.7 to 6.7% for the group using the (M+A) futon. CONCLUSION: These results suggested the specially-fabricated futons with anti-mite treatments could effectively reduce mite allergens compared to those made from woolen cotton.

Allergens↗

PubMed1977

House dust mites in Switzerland. III. Allergenic properties of the mites.

The allergenic properties of the nine mite species prevalent in the house dust of northwestern Switzerland (Basel and surroundings) were studies. For the preparation of mite extracts, the average weight of each species was first determined and then the number per culture glass counted. Thus the extracts were prepared according to the weight of the mites. They were tested on 115 patients with ashma and/or rhinitis. Tests with patients own house dust and with a human dander/yeast mixture, which served as culture medium for the mites, were carried out simultaneously. Test results were either positive or negative for all substances in 93 patients (80 per cent). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei caused the most frequent and most severe reactions. The species Glycyphagus destructor, G. privatus, Chortoglyphus arcuatus, Gohieria fusca, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Acarus siro seem to play a less important role, if any, in house dust allergies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Antigenic relationship between the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae and the predacious mite Phytoseiulus persimilis.

We have examined the antigenic relationship between the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae and the predacious mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that there was a very weak antigenic cross-reactivity between these different suborder of mites but that this cross-reactivity was not attributed to D. farinaes major allergen's, Der fI and Der fII. These results suggest that P. persimilis might scarcely provoke allergic symptoms in patients sensitized to house dust mites.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Lack of de novo sensitization to tropomyosin in a group of mite-allergic patients treated by house dust mite-specific immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that specific immunotherapy may induce de novo sensitization to proteins contained in the allergen extract. This raises the possibility that the novel sensitization to cross-reacting allergens may cause food allergies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether injection of mite-specific immunotherapy (SIT) may induce sensitization to shrimp tropomyosin. METHODS: Seventy mite-allergic subjects who did not show any shrimp sensitization at baseline were followed up for at least 3 years. Thirty-one of them underwent a 3-year SIT course, 39 served as controls. At the follow-up visit, SPTs with both fresh shrimp and commercial extract were performed, and patients underwent an open oral challenge with shrimp. RESULTS: Neither patient nor control had become sensitized to shrimp allergens at the end of the study period. Both patients and controls reported the regular intake of crustaceans and/or molluscs. CONCLUSION: Injection SIT with house dust mite extracts does not seem to induce de novo tropomyosin sensitization in mite-allergic patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Quantitation of house dust mites and house dust mite allergens in the microenvironment of dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitate the density of Dermatophagoides farinae and D pteronyssinus and concentrations of house dust mite (HDM) allergens (Der f 1, Der p 1, and Group 2 allergens) in the indoor microenvironment of dogs. Sample Population-50 homes in Columbus, Ohio. PROCEDURES: n each home, samples of dust were collected from 3 locations in which dogs spent most time. Whenever possible, the species of mites collected was identified. Mite density (mites/g of dust) was assessed, and allergen concentrations were assayed by standardized ELISAs. Relative humidity and temperature in each home were monitored during a 5-day period. Characteristics of homes and sample sources were evaluated. RESULTS: Dust samples from all 50 homes contained > or = 1 HDM allergen; Der f 1 and Der p 1 were detected in 100 and 74% of homes, respectively. Fifteen homes had HDMs; compared with D pteronyssinus, D farinae was found more commonly (14/15 homes) and at a higher density. Basements, homes without central air-conditioning, and dog beds that were > or = 1 year old had high HDM allergen concentrations. Homes with > or = 2 microg of Der f 1 or Group 2 allergens/g of dust or > or = 100 mites/g of dust were significantly more likely to have a maximum relative humidity > or = 75%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate the presence of HDMs and HDM allergens in the specific microenvironment of dogs in homes. Factors associated with high levels of exposure were identified, which may be associated with increased risk for sensitization and development of atopic diseases.

Allergens↗

PubMed1998

[Evaluation of an intracutaneous test using a Sarcoptes mite extract solution (Acari: Sarcoptidae) as a method for detection of Sarcoptes mite-infested dogs].

Sarcoptes infestation in dogs, caused by Sarcoptes canis, is a relatively common disease in small animal practice. The parasites may induce severe allergic skin reactions. By means of clinical symptoms a presumptive diagnosis should be made. For ensurement detection of mites in skin scrapings is necessary, but it is not easy to find the parasites. Serodiagnostic methods are helpful to confirm the diagnosis. They indicate specific antibody (circulating IgE) titer. Intracutaneous test by using allergen extracts as possible third way of diagnostic methods was tested comparatively with the existing causaldiagnostic procedures in 45 dogs with suspected scabies. Preconditions of own examinations was mite antigen preparation. A mite extract solution of Sarcoptes suis was prepared and 0.1 ml were applicated intracutaneously. In 14 dogs (31.11%) allergic skin changes (Immediate reaction type 1) became apparent. The results were opposed to both other detection methods--skin scraping (4 positive findings/8.89%) and serodiagnosis (13 positive findings/30.77%).

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Quantitation and thermal stability of the mite allergen DPT 12 in whole mite extracts.

Twelve whole mite extracts (WME) from seven sources were examined for their content of the allergen Dpt 12, protein content, and the inhibitory capacity in RAST by use of paper discs coupled with either WME or Dpt 12. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the concentration of Dpt 12 determined either by single radial immunodiffusion or by RAST inhibition did not correlate with either the RAST-inhibition titer with use of discs coupled with WME or with protein content, suggesting that Dpt 12 content does not reflect the overall potency of WMEs. However, statistically significant correlations were obtained between Dpt 12 content and whole mite-RAST inhibition titers if extracts from the same manufacturer were examined or if data obtained from extracts containing large Dpt 12 to protein concentrations (greater than 25%) were excluded from the analysis. In contrast, statistically significant correlations between protein concentration and WME-RAST inhibition titers (p = 0.00037) and between Dpt 12 content and Dpt 12 RAST-inhibition titers (p = 0.00001) were found. Thermal stability studies demonstrated that Dpt 12 per se and WMEs were stable at 4 degrees C for up to 3 mo. Storage at 23 degrees C for 3 mo, however, resulted in partial loss of both Dpt 12 and whole-mite activity. Substantial losses occurred at 36 degrees C for both 1-month and 3-month incubation periods. Esterase, esterase lipase, and alkaline phosphatase were found in three WMEs studied. Dpt 12 was biochemically unrelated to these enzymes.

Allergens↗

PubMed1984

Cross antigenic and allergenic properties of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae and the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae.

The crossed antigenicity and allergenicity of the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP) and the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) were characterized by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. DF extracts exhibited 32 antigens and as many as eight were demonstrated to be allergens. DF feces exhibited 20 antigens and six of these were allergens. Twenty antigens and two allergens were demonstrated for TP. Two antigenic and allergenic determinants were shared by DF and TP, and two determinants were also shared by DF feces and TP feces. TP feces and DF shared two antigenic and allergenic determinants. Our results demonstrated that the two mites and their feces extracts contain multiple antigens and allergens.

Allergens↗

PubMed2005

The use of predatory soil mites in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts, with perspectives for oribatid mites.

Gamasina are the main predators among the soil mesofauna and, therefore, have a crucial position in the soil food web and contribute significantly to energy and matter turnover. Ecological concepts including predatory mites in soil assessment have not yet been established, while standardized sampling, extraction, and conservation methods are available. There are reliable keys for Europe that cover most families. Few species in low dominance ranks correlate well with soil properties like soil texture and pH. Meaningful endpoints for soil assessment are community parameters that are based on the life history of the species (e.g., Maturity Index). It has been shown that the predatory mites, as well as the oribatids as a second common and widespread group of mites, fit well into a soil assessment concept comparable to RIVPACS, which was established for aquatic systems. Perspectives for future research are the development of a computer-aided identification key and the creation of a database with information on the ecology and biogeography of important species.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Safety evaluation of a glutaraldehyde modified tyrosine adsorbed housedust mite extract containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) adjuvant: a new allergy vaccine for dust mite allergy.

A new allergy vaccine is currently under clinical evaluation for the prevention or relief of symptoms caused by specific housedust mites. It consists of a 50:50 mixture of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae protein derived from aqueous extracts of the mites which is chemically modified by glutaraldehyde and adsorbed onto L-tyrosine with addition of the immunostimulatory adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) "Polymite". A specific preclinical safety testing strategy was developed to support clinical use and comprised single and repeat dose toxicity, reproduction toxicity and local tolerance studies. Dose levels of up to 0.5ml for the mouse and up to 1ml for both the rat and the rabbit were used. Overall, the product was shown to produce no toxicological findings of significance at levels greatly in excess to those proposed for clinical use. A not unexpected, but relatively minor, immunostimulatory effect was seen following repeated dosing (once weekly for 13 weeks) at 1ml per rat; the Polymite formulation also resulted in injection site reaction which can largely be attributed to the presence of tyrosine. No reproduction toxicity was found.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2001

Integrated pest management of two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae on greenhouse roses using petroleum spray oil and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis.

From 1995 to 1999, four experiments were conducted on greenhouse roses to assess the effectiveness of the nC24 petroleum spray oil (PSO), D-C-Tron Plus, against two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), and to determine how the oil could be most efficiently and effectively used in combination with the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in an integrated pest management program. The results showed that 0.5% PSO applied fortnightly to roses gave excellent protection from T urticae infestation when the mite population was not already established. However, PSO applied after roses were infested with T. urticae above the economic threshold only stabilised populations without reducing them below that threshold. Populations of P. persimilis in the upper and lower canopies were unchanged after two sprays of PSO at 7-day intervals, and application of PSO to the upper canopy was as effective in controlling T. urticae in the presence of P persimilis as spraying the entire plant. Combining PSO with P. persimilis gave better control of T. urticae than using P. persimilis alone. The most cost-effective use of PSO in the presence of P. persimilis is, therefore, to apply spray only to the upper canopy. This will not affect control of powdery mildew with PSO. Comparison of a control program for T urticae based on the monitored use of synthetic miticides with that based on calendar application of PSO revealed that both gave equally effective control. The benefits of combining PSO and P. persimilis in an integrated pest management program for T. urticae on roses over a program based on synthetic fungicides are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

The pest status and distribution of three cryptic blue oat mite species (Penthaleus spp.) and redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) in southeastern Australia.

Earth mites are pests of crops and pastures in southeastern Australia. Recent studies show differences between earth mite species in their mode of reproduction, preferred hosts and pesticide tolerance. This paper examines the distribution and pest status of each species. The southeastern Australian distribution for each species is mapped, incorporating new data from eastern New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania. A new population of an undescribed species previously identified from northwestern Victoria was found in northern New South Wales. CLIMEX was used to identify climatic factors limiting the distribution of P. major and P. falcatus, the most broadly distributed species. This analysis suggests tolerance to heat and desiccation limits the inland distribution of these two species. A three-year survey of agricultural outbreaks indicates that all Penthaleus species are major agricultural pests although their pest status on crop types appears to differ. All species contributed to chemical control failures. However P. falcatus, previously identified in laboratory tests as having increased tolerance to pesticides, was the most common species associated with control failures. A laboratory experiment indicated that mites are sometimes pests on crops on which they cannot persist for a generation. Results are discussed with respect to management of these agricultural pests.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Low domestic exposure to house dust mite allergens (Der p 1) is associated with a reduced non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness in mite-sensitized asthmatic subjects under optimal drug treatment.

BACKGROUND: Airway inflammation in asthma causes symptoms, airflow limitation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. The strategy of asthma management is to reduce airway inflammation by drug treatment and avoidance of triggers, including allergens. OBJECTIVE: We determined the effect of exposure to house dust mite (HDM) allergens on bronchial responsiveness in asthmatics sensitive to mites while under optimal drug treatment. METHODS: We studied 71 mild to moderate HDM-sensitive asthmatics. Drug treatment sufficient to keep asthma under control was administered to each patient for 1 year. Subjects were divided into two groups, according to the amount of Der p 1 in their bedrooms measured after standard HDM reduction measures: low Der p 1 exposure (0.64 +/- 0.5 microg/g dust) (Group 1, n = 34) and high Der p 1 exposure (12.5 +/- 11.4 microg/g) (Group 2, n = 37). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (PD20FEV1) was determined at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS: In Group 1, PD20FEV1 increased 2.15-fold at the end of the study from 57 to 123 microg (P < 0.05), whereas in Group 2 no significant changes were observed. The subjects in Group 2 tended to increase the use of inhaled steroids and bronchodilators in the autumn months compared with subjects in Group 1, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: This long-term study shows that exposure to lower levels of mite allergens in the bedroom is associated with a decrease of bronchial hyper-responsiveness in sensitized asthmatic subjects under optimal drug treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Identification of an antigen from the sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, homologous with house dust mite group I allergens.

Infestation of sheep with the ectoparasitic mite Psoroptes ovis, results in a severe allergic dermatitis. Currently, little is known about the allergens/antigens that stimulate the allergic response. We have isolated an 836-bp cDNA from a P. ovis cDNA library which displays strong homology to cysteine proteases and, in particular, to the group I house dust mite allergens Der p 1, Der f 1 and Eur m 1. The cDNA was expressed in Escherchia coli, fused to a hexahistidine tag and the recombinant protein (Pso o 1) purified using a nickel-affinity column. The recombinant Pso o 1 was tested for recognition by immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgE in serum from P. ovis naïve and P. ovis infested sheep. Using Western blots, both classes of antibody to Pso o 1 were detected in postinfestation serum. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, a pronounced IgG-antibody response to Pso o 1 was detected in five of five sheep 3 weeks postinfestation. The IgE-antibody response to whole mite extract was poor in four of five animals. However, a marked IgE response occurred in the fifth animal, and IgE anti Pso o 1 was detected in the serum.

Allergens↗

PubMed1990

House dust mite allergen levels and an anti-mite mattress spray (natamycin) in the treatment of childhood asthma.

Natamycin, a fungicide marketed as Tymasil, is claimed to reduce house dust mite numbers and would therefore be expected to improve asthma in children with mite sensitivity. We have tested this assertion by a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. There was no significant effect on levels of Der p I in mattress dust between active and placebo groups at the end of the spraying period. Histamine inhalation challenge PC20, clinic visit symptom scores and lung function tests reflecting either large or small airways obstruction were also unchanged. Therefore this product is not a therapeutic option for mite-allergic patients using the manufacturer's recommended dose and method of administration. Other factors influencing the Der p I levels were also investigated. Of these, only month of measurement and bedroom wall humidity showed any association.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Monoclonal antibodies to Lepidoglyphus destructor: delineation of crossreactivity between storage mites and house dust mites.

We have developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor (Ld). Employing these anti-Ld MoAbs Ld-MoAbs) in ELISA and ELISA inhibition techniques we have analysed the reaction pattern of Ld-MoAbs to both non-pyroglyphid and pyroglyphid mites. The storage mite Glycyphagus domesticus (Gd) exhibited most efficient inhibition, followed by Acarus siro (As), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) and Euroglyphus maynei (Em). Of the two pyroglyphid species, Dpt showed at least 1000 times less inhibition than Gd. Two of the MoAbs immunoprecipitated a band of 39 kD whereas the third reacted weakly, with a high-molecular band of approximately 110 kD. The Ld extract was also subjected to various reagents and conditions and the antigen was heat stable, it was not affected by low pH, or sensitive to dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) or paraformaldehyde. After exposure of the extract to various reagents, such as protease trypsin and periodate, we conclude that the epitopes recognized by Ld-MoAbs were of carbohydrate rather than of protein nature. It would thus seem that MoAbs recognize the carbohydrate part of a glycoprotein.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

A reference allergen preparation of the house dust mite D. pteronyssinus, produced from whole mite culture--a part of the DAS 76 study. Comparison with allergen preparations from other raw materials.

A D. pteronyssinus whole culture allergen preparation contained 49 antigens as revealed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), using polyspecific rabbit antibodies. Crossed radio-immunoelectrophoresis ( CRIE ) with sera from 30 patients revealed nine allergens, antigens 42, X, Y and 23 (in rank order) showing the most frequent and intense IgE-uptake. Nine antigens originated from the culture medium (human dander + yeast), but none of these gave rise to specific IgE-uptake. Extremely few and weak reactions were observed in radioallergosorbent (RAST) with 129 sera, using media extracts on the discs. Purified mite body extract (PMB) contained less ag 42 and more ag Y and ag 23 than whole mite culture extract ( WMC ), whereas an acetone-extracted mite excreta preparation (AML) contained 5 times more ag 42, but was devoid of ag Y and ag 23. Ag X was present in all preparations. The RAST-inhibitory potency of PMB was best correlated with the content of ag X. Preparations with properties similar to WMC and PMB were judged as suitable for clinical application.

Allergens↗

PubMed1994

Mite-antigen-stimulated cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic dermatitis patients with positive mite patch tests.

To investigate possible involvement of Th1-type immunoreaction in the development of skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (AD), we measured mite-antigen-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 23 patients with AD who developed positive patch test reactions to house dust mite antigens extracted from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp). Incubation of these PBMC with the Dp antigen for 72 h produced marked secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, indicating that Dp-specific T cells were found in these patients' circulating peripheral blood and were capable of producing IL-2 and IFN-gamma, known as major mediators of the delayed-type allergic reaction. Our study suggests that Th1-type cells may be involved in the development of skin lesions of AD patients with positive patch test reactions to house dust mite antigen.

Adolescent↗