SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “MOUTHWASHES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor mouthwashes heal oral ulcers during head and neck radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF mouthwashes in the epithelization of radiation-induced oral mucosal ulceration, control of pain, and weight loss. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twelve patients received curative radiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma. All had oropharyngeal and/or oral mucosa irradiation, with a median dose of 72 Gy (range 50-74), with conventional fractionation. A total of 300 microg of GM-CSF in 250 cc of water for 1 h of mouthwashing was prescribed. The procedure started once oral ulceration in the irradiation field was detected. Patients, examined twice a week, were evaluated for oral ulceration, pain, and weight loss. Blood tests were taken weekly during GM-CSF administration. A comparison was carried out with 12 retrospective case-matched controls. RESULTS: In the GM-CSF group, mucosa ulcerations healed in 9 of 12 (75%) of the patients during the course of the radiotherapy. Fifty percent of the patients said they felt less pain during the GM-CSF treatment; 30% needed morphine. The mean and median weight loss as a percentage of baseline weight in addition to the actual weight were 4.2% and 3%, respectively (variation ranged between a gain of 1% and a loss of 13%). No GM-CSF-related side effects were found. In the case control group, in the 12 cases, oral ulcerations increased during radiotherapy and two patients needed intubation intake and hospital admission, as opposed to the GM-CSF group. The mean and median percentage of weight loss were 5.8% and 5%, respectively. Sixty percent of patients needed morphine, as opposed to 30% in the GM-CSF group. CONCLUSIONS: Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor was effective in curing mucosal ulcerations during the course of radiotherapy. This is the first time we have seen a drug with this capacity. Although the GM-CSF seems to be effective in the control of pain, oral intake, and weight loss, we need further studies with a greater number of patients to confirm our premise. Double-blind trials are necessary for future research into the control of pain and weight loss.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Side-effects and patient acceptance of 0.2% versus 0.1% chlorhexidine used as post-operative prophylactic mouthwash.

In a double-blind parallel group study including 30 patients, the side-effects and patient acceptance of chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2% and 0.1% were studied. Side-effects such as loss of taste, burning sensation of the oral mucosa, subjective dryness of the oral cavity and discoloration of teeth and tongue were encountered. There was no statistically significant difference between the chlorhexidine groups with respect to the frequency of the reported side-effects. However, the taste of chlorhexidine 0.1% was significantly better accepted than chlorhexidine 0.2%. 4 patients discontinued the use of chlorhexidine 0.2% before the end of the trial. The quality of the experienced side-effects was stated by the patients as the reason for the discontinuation of chlorhexidine 0.2%. The present work concludes with the recommendation of chlorhexidine 0.1% compared to chlorhexidine 0.2% as a prophylactic mouthwash after oral surgical interventions.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Cyclosporin A mouthwash in the treatment of oral lichen planus.

Seven patients with long-standing atrophic/erosive oral lichen planus were treated for 4 weeks with cyclosporin A as a mouthwash. At the end of the 3-month follow-up period, no improvement in disease status was noted in any of the patients, although two patients showed a slight improvement of their lesions at the end of 1 month of treatment. Cyclosporin A as a mouthwash does not seem to be an effective means of treating severe oral lichen planus.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Topical antiseptic mouthwash in oncological surgery of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

A multivariant analysis of the value of the use of a pre-operative topical antiseptic mouthwash to reduce the incidence of post-operative wound complications in 106 consecutive patients undergoing head and neck surgery involving the oral cavity or oropharynx was carried out at the University of Iowa, Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery. An oral presentation employing povidone-iodine solution was used for 43 patients. The remaining 63 patients studied received no oral presentation. Unfavourable wound outcome was not associated with age, sex, presence and condition of teeth, or serious pre-existing medical illnesses. A significant correlation was found between post-operative wound breakdown and type of closure, stage of disease, and previous operation or radiotherapy. The use of an oral preparation correlated significantly with favourable wound outcome independent of all other variables (p < 0.01). Our data support the use of a topical antiseptic mouthwash to reduce the incidence of post-operative wound complications in surgery of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis, herpes simplex virus-1 infection, and oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mouthwash.

Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis (OPC) was evaluated in 61 patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) reactivation was also investigated in 14 patients. According to the agreed protocol, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mouthwash was administered in 46 patients with radiation-induced ulcers. Candidiasis was diagnosed in 31 patients. Candida albicans was the most frequent isolate. Multiple Candida species were isolated from the lesions of four patients. Concurrent candidiasis and radiation-induced ulcers were observed in 17 patients. Viral culture and the polymerase chain reaction disclosed the presence of HSV-1 in five patients. Twenty of the 46 patients, with initial mucositis grade II and grade III, completed RT with mucositis grade I, indicating a beneficial effect of GMCSF mouthwash, although further controlled studies are necessary to verify that. In conclusion, OPC was an important infection in patients undergoing radiotherapy. The role of HSV-1 in oral mucositis during head and neck radiotherapy needs additional study.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Effectiveness in controlling haemorrhage after dental scaling in people with haemophilia by using tranexamic acid mouthwash.

AIMS: To compare the effectiveness of tranexamic acid mouthwash (TAMW) in controlling gingival haemorrhage after dental scaling with that of using factor replacement therapy (FRT) prior to dental scaling in people with haemophilia. DESIGN: Double-blind cross-over randomised control trial. SETTING: Dedicated hospital dental practice for patients with inherited bleeding disorders. METHOD: Sixteen patients with haemophilia who required dental scaling participated in this pilot study. The experimental treatment regime (ETR) involved transfusing each patient with saline before scaling both quadrants on one side of the mouth followed by oral rinsing with TAMW four times daily for up to eight days. The control regime (CR) involved giving each patient FRT before scaling the opposite side of the mouth followed by use of a placebo TAMW. Each patient underwent both treatments in a random-ised sequence. Both the operator and the patients were unaware of which were the ETR and CR episodes. On both occasions the patient kept a log book of the rinsing regime and any post-operative bleeding. Additionally, a structured post-treatment telephone interview was conducted to assess the effectiveness and the patient acceptability of the ETR. RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed the study. No statistically significant difference was found in gingival bleeding and mouthwashing frequencies between the ETR and the CR (p > 0.05). Five patients reported no gingival bleeding with either the ETR or the CR. No patient, using either regime, required extra FRT due to gingival haemorrhage. All subjects found the ETR acceptable and easy and reported feeling safe in using TAMW alone to control gingival bleeding after dental scaling. CONCLUSION: TAMW use after dental scaling was as effective as using FRT beforehand in controlling gingival haemorrhage for people with haemophilia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Toxicity of a new antismoking mouthwash 881010 in rats and rabbits.

Male and female rats and rabbits were used in this study to investigate the acute and subchronic toxicity of a new antismoking (A.S.) mouth wash (0.5% silver nitrate as the active ingredient). The LD50 values for i.p. administration in male and female rats were 35.7 and 37.2 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The corresponding values in male and female rabbits were 113 and 128 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The oral LD50 values of the mouthwash in male and female rats were 428 and 433 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The corresponding values in male and female rabbits were 1261 and 1320 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Postmortem and histopathological examination revealed congestion, edema, hemorrhage, and mucosal necrosis with brown pigment deposition in the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts for the orally treated animals and ascitis, peritoneal fat necrosis, and pigment deposition in i.p. administered animals. Subchronic toxicity involved administration of low (1.5 mg/kg), intermediate (15 mg/kg), and high (150 mg/kg) doses of A.S. mouthwash by swabbing the oral cavity daily for 30 consecutive days. Body weight, hematologic observations, and histopathological examination showed no significant differences between control and treated animals, except for dark coloration in teeth and increased platelet counts in treated rats.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2001

Potential use of tea extract as a complementary mouthwash: comparative evaluation of two commercial samples.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of using tea extracts as complementary mouthwash and to test the comparative efficacy of two commercial samples. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with 30 healthy human volunteers was carried out. The subjects were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 6 subjects per group. The ability of Ndu tea (from Cameroon) and Lipton tea (from Nigeria) to reduce colony forming units (CFU) in the liquid expectorated after 60 seconds of gargling from the mouth of the volunteers at 5 and 60 minutes were evaluated. These were compared to the values obtained from bank water and Minty Brett (thymol 0.047%), a standard antiseptic. SETTING: University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Thirty healthy human volunteers (18 males and 12 females, between 22-30 years of age) who met the eligibility requirement of being nonsmokers and not taking any other antimicrobial agent were selected for the study. RESULT: Relative to the bank water, the results indicated that the hot water extract of both teas significantly (p < 0.05) reduced CFU per milliliter in the liquid expectorated after gargling at both 5 and 60 minutes. Minty Brett showed higher activity than both tea extracts; however, unlike Minty Brett both extracts still reduced the CFU per milliliter at time 60 minutes (an indication of longer duration of activity). The combination of the tea extracts with sodium lauryl sulfate (1.2% w/v), a surfactant and emulsifier, significantly increased the antimicrobial activity relative to each tea alone. Comparatively, the activity of Ndu tea was found to be slightly higher than that of Lipton tea but this was not significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lipton and Ndu tea extracts potently reduced the CFU per milliliter. This activity was potentiated by sodium lauryl sulfate. Although Minty Brett had more potent antimicrobial activity, both tea extracts have longer duration of activity. The results indicate the potential usefulness of tea extracts as a complementary mouthwash.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

The effect of epidermal growth factor mouthwash on cytotoxic-induced oral ulceration. A phase I clinical trial.

A double-blind clinical trial was performed to study the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) mouthwash on the healing and recurrence of oral ulceration in 12 patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. The oral distribution or cytotoxic-induced ulcers corresponded to the salivary gutters. There was no difference in the rate of healing of established ulcers between the experimental and placebo groups. However, there was a small delay in the onset and severity of recurrent ulceration. It was concluded that EGF mouthwash does not accelerate ulcer healing, but it may have the potential to protect the oral epithelium from cytotoxic damage.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1984

The antimicrobial properties of two commonly used antiseptic mouthwashes--Corsodyl and Oraldene.

The antimicrobial activities of the mouthwashes Corsodyl and Oraldene against common buccal organisms were essentially similar. The concentration of the active substance in the two mouthwashes was well in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentrations determined. Also a rapid lethal effect on the bacteria was found which, when combined with the previous property, may well account for the usefulness of these products in infectious conditions.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1976

The use of chlorhexidine mouthwash compared with a periodontal dressing following the gingivectomy procedure.

The clinical results achieved were compared when a group of 21 patients requiring gingivectomies in comparable bilateral segments received a dressing or a chlorhexidine mouthwash during the first post-operative week. Initial pre-operative conditions were comparable. In each of the two treatments highly significant reductions in pocket depths were achieved; the sizes of the reductions were of clinical significance (greater than 1.5 mm). The observed difference (0.16 mm) between the two treatments in favour of the mouthwash, although significant at the conventional 5% level, was clinically unimportant. More patients preferred the dressing as a post-operative treatment, and the clinical implications of the patients' preferences are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Triclosan and sodium lauryl sulphate mouthwashes (I). Effects on salivary bacterial counts.

A number of commonly used toothpaste ingredients, such as detergents, possess not inconsiderable antimicrobial activity. Additionally, specific ingredients including triclosan are now added to toothpastes to enhance such activity and to improve plaque inhibition. To date, there have been few studies of the antimicrobial properties in vivo of individual toothpaste ingredients. Most investigations have evaluated the whole toothpaste product. Persistence of antimicrobial action in vivo has been shown to relate to potential plaque inhibitory action. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude and duration of salivary bacterial count reductions produced by a single rinse of 0.2% triclosan, 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes. 16 volunteers took part in a single-blind latin-square randomised crossover designed study with balanced residual effects. Before and for time periods up to 420 min following rinsing with the allocated mouthwashes, saliva samples were obtained and processed for total anaerobic counts. With the exception of the saline control rinse, the 3 test solutions produced considerable reductions in bacterial counts which remained significant to 3 h for triclosan and 7 h for SLS and chlorhexidine. However, at most time periods after baseline, the effects of chlorhexidine were significantly greater than triclosan and SLS. Overall, SLS had significantly greater effects than triclosan. Incremental values from 30 min post rinsing were always positive for SLS and triclosan, indicating bacterial recovery, whereas these values were negative for chlorhexidine. The results indicate that triclosan and SLS provide some persistence of antimicrobial activity in the oral cavity when used at relatively high dose compared to a toothpaste vehicle.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The effect of using a pre-brushing mouthwash (Plax) on removal of tooth stain in vivo and in vitro.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of a pre-brushing mouthwash Plax reduced extrinsic tooth-staining in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study, 20 subjects with tooth staining used Plax or a placebo for 14-day periods separated by a 1-month wash-out period. The area of stain was assessed before and after each mouthwash had been used from clinical photographs. Secondly, extracted 3rd molar teeth were stained with tea and chlorhexidine. After exposure to either Plax or placebo, the teeth were brushed in a standardized manner. The area and intensity of stain were assessed before and after rinsing and brushing. Results of the study in vivo showed that the mean % stained area for any of the surfaces studied changed very little throughout the study. No statistically significant changes were detected (Student t-test, p > 0.05). Results of the study in vitro showed that the mean area of stain fell by 19% after exposure to Plax and by 17% after exposure to placebo. No statistically significant changes were detected (Student t-test, p > 0.05). There were also no significant changes in intensity (Wilcoxon signed rank sum test p > 0.1).

Adult↗

PubMed1995

The efficacy of Decapinol mouthwash 2 mg/mL in preventing gingivitis.

In vitro studies and early clinical trials have shown promising results for Delmopinol HCl solution as an effective mouth rinse for reducing experimentally induced gingivitis in the absence of mechanical plaque control. The efficacy of Decapinol mouthwash 2 mg/mL (Delmopinol HCl) in preventing gingivitis in a double-blind, randomized clinical study with parallel group design was studied. Forty-seven healthy young adults were randomly assigned to the Delmopinol or placebo groups. After an initial period of four weeks of intensive oral hygiene including bi-weekly professional cleaning of the teeth and oral hygiene instruction, all subjects achieved a low degree of gingivitis or a plaque score close to zero. At baseline, Bleeding on Probing, Modified Gingival Index and Plaque Index were recorded and the teeth were professionally cleaned. All forms of plaque control were then suspended and subjects were supervised in a one-minute rinsing of Decapinol mouthwash 2 mg/mL or placebo twice daily. Measurements of efficacy variables were then repeated after two and three weeks treatment and adverse events were recorded. After the study period of three weeks all previous plaque control measures were resumed. At week four, all subjects were reassessed for the resolution of gingival inflammation and where residual gingival inflammation persisted, appropriate treatment was given. Only mild and short-lasting adverse events were noted for the use of Delmopinol in the study period. However, for all teeth sites measured, significant differences between Delmopinol and placebo groups were found in Bleeding on Probing (p < 0.05) and Plaque Index (p < 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Treatment of 5-fluorouracil-induced stomatitis by allopurinol mouthwashes.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most commonly used drug in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. However, stomatitis is one of the limiting side effects. In the present study, 18 patients with gastrointestinal cancer who experienced 5-FU-induced stomatitis in previous cycles used allopurinol mouthwashes in subsequent courses of 5-FU (500 mg of 5-FU/m2/day, i.v., over 2 h for 5 days). The degree of stomatitis diminished in 15 patients (83.3%). Allopurinol mouthwash could be used as a simple and effective method for the reduction of 5-FU-induced oral toxicity. However, further controlled trials are required.

Allopurinol↗

PubMed1983

Mechanism of action of an antiseptic, anti-odor mouthwash.

Inter-related determinants of oral malodor were measured over a three-hour period in 30 human subjects after mouthwash treatments. Re-odoration was important to mouthwash activity for 30 min. At post-treatment times of 60-180 min, the anti-odor activity of the product is due solely to its anti-microbial action.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMed2001

Alpha-1-antitrypsin genotyping with mouthwash specimens.

Alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) deficiency is diagnosed as a two-stage procedure (concentration and phenotype). However the latter does not provide clues to the presence of null genes without family studies and obtaining blood from patients at a distance often proves difficult. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of genotyping alpha1-AT using buccal cells. Mouthwash specimens were sent by 84 patients (with a variety of phenotypes of alpha1-antitrypsin) through the post. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from buccal cells in each sample and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a genotyping kit to detect the S and Z alleles. Eighty-three of 84 samples received were suitable for amplification. The specific primers successfully identified the S and Z alleles in each case. However, five of the 35 samples obtained from patients thought to be Z allele homozygotes were found to be heterozygotes for another severe deficiency allele. These data confirm the feasibility of "at distance" testing for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency alleles using buccal cells from mouthwash samples. The results raise the possibility that other deficiency alleles are more common than has previously been suspected.

Feasibility Studies↗

PubMed2002

Effect of pilocarpine mouthwash on salivary flow.

Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist that increases salivary flow and has been used to treat xerostomia. Oral intake is the most frequent route of administration. Adverse effects are dose-dependent and include sudoresis, facial blushing and increased urinary frequency. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of topical pilocarpine solutions as mouthwashes on salivary flow and their adverse effects on healthy subjects. Forty volunteers received 10 ml 0.5, 1 and 2% pilocarpine solutions or 0.9% saline in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled manner. Salivation was measured before and 45, 60 and 75 min after mouth rinsing for 1 min with 10 ml of saline or pilocarpine solutions. Vital signs were measured and ocular, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms, anxiety and flushing were estimated using visual analog scales. There was a dose-dependent increase in salivation. Salivation measured after 1 and 2% pilocarpine (1.4 +/- 0.36 and 2.22 +/- 0.42 g, respectively) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than before (0.70 +/- 0.15 and 0.64 +/- 0.1 g), with a plateau between 45 and 75 min. Cardiovascular, visual, gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms and signs were not changed by topical pilocarpine. Mouth rinsing with pilocarpine solutions at concentrations of 1 to 2% induced a significant objective and subjective dose-dependent increase in salivary flow, similar to the results reported by others studying the effect of oral 5 mg pilocarpine. The present study revealed the efficacy of pilocarpine mouthwash solutions in increasing salivary flow in healthy volunteers, with no adverse effects. Additional studies on patients with xerostomia are needed.

Adolescent↗