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Results for “NEOPLASM DIAGNOSIS”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Role of video-assisted thoracoscopy in diagnosis of neoplasms in mediastinal organs].

Diagnostic potential of video-assisted thoracoscopy was evaluated in 66 patients (36 males and 30 females) with neoplasms (aged 24-68 yrs). When used in conjunction with biopsy, it confirmed the following diagnoses: lymph proliferative disease (23), mediastinal malignancies (11), sarcoidosis (21), benign mediastinal tumors (7), Castleman's benign lymphoma (2) and mediastinal cyst (2). Clinical diagnosis was substantially changed in 40 (61%) cases as a result of videothoracoscopy application. It has proved precise, fairly safe and conservative; it has a potential in diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Genetic analysis in the diagnosis of neoplasms of unknown primary tumor site.

The identification of nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in hematologic and solid tumor malignancies, which can serve as specific diagnostic markers, has permitted the application of cytogenetic techniques to the diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinomas of unknown primary tumor site. Cytogenetic markers specific for germ cell tumors, neuroepithelial tumors, and lymphoma have now been identified in these patients. In the case of germ cell tumor diagnosis, the finding of a cytogenetic marker specific for germ cell cancer was predictive of responsiveness to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and long-term disease-free survival. DNA hybridization techniques, including quantitative Southern blot analysis and FISH, were also used to establish the diagnosis of germ cell tumor, particularly in the setting in which conventional cytogenetic analysis was unsuccessful. In poorly differentiated tumors in which conventional light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic techniques fail to yield a specific diagnosis, the use of molecular and cytogenetic markers in human malignancy promises to increase diagnostic acuity. These techniques have the potential to give clearer insight into the biology of this heterogeneous group of tumors and assist in directing appropriate therapy to patients who indeed may have a highly treatable disease.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed2003

Brain neoplasms: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prospects for cost-effective imaging.

Currently, the literature lacks a solid body of research on decision and cost-effectiveness analysis of imaging strategies for adults and children suspected of having a brain neoplasm. This article describes the epidemiology and clinical presentation of brain neoplasms, reviews current diagnostic strategies, highlights gaps in the literature on decision and cost-effectiveness analysis, and suggests directions for future research.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the distal femoral metaphysis. Differential diagnosis between neoplasm and growth disorder with identical morphology].

The typical radiologic finding of a "non-ossifying fibroma" of the distal femoral metaphysis was seen in a 17-year-old female patient with pain in the distal femur. The rapid development of this lesion was confirmed on the basis of earlier radiographs performed to clarify other complaints. Since the lesion had developed in no more than 34 months, with pronounced scintigraphic and MRI signal intensity, particularly in the late phase, and pain had prompted the patient to seek examination, the cause was assumed to be a neoplasia rather than a growth disorder. Histopathological examination revealed a proliferative fibrohistiocytic lesion which was histologically different from a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The finding indicates that in the differential diagnosis between non-ossifying fibroma and benign fibrous histiocytoma in cases with identical localization, pain and the intensity of the scintigraphic signal may well be the key to further action: since benign fibrous histiocytomas may be regarded as genuine neoplasias, the question of malignancy should also be clarified beyond doubt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is a disseminated aggressive neoplasm: differential diagnosis from Hodgkin's lymphoma.

AIMS: An accurate diagnosis of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma needs to take into consideration those forms of Hodgkin's lymphoma also characterized by a predominance of small lymphocytes and histiocytes, i.e. nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have studied the clinical, phenotypic and genetic features of a series of 12 cases of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma along with 18 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma for comparative purposes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the Hodgkin's lymphoma cases, there were 11 lymphocyte predominance type and seven classic type. T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphomas presented usually in advanced stages (III or IV in 11/12 cases), frequently with 'B' symptoms (6/9 cases), and followed a more aggressive course than Hodgkin's lymphoma (4/8 patients died due to the tumour in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma versus 0/15 in Hodgkin's lymphoma). T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma cases showed diffuse effacement of the nodal architecture by a proliferation of scattered large atypical B-cells obscured by a background of small T-lymphocytes (more CD8+, TIA1+ than CD57+). Five cases showed also a prominent histiocytic component. The large B-cells expressed CD45 and often EMA (6/10 cases). On the other hand, CD 30, CD15 and latent infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were generally lacking. bc l6 and CD10 were, respectively, detected in 6/6 and 1/5 cases. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements in all T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphomas studied (5/5), but did not detect any case with t(14;18) involving the major breakpoint region (0/4). CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma from Hodgkin's lymphoma is facilitated by the integration of different immunophenotypic, molecular and clinical findings. T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is a monoclonal neoplasm of bc l6+ B-cells with a phenotypic profile similar to lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's lymphoma, suggesting a germinal centre origin and a possible relation to this disease. Therefore, in order to distinguish it from lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's lymphoma, characterization of the reactive background, IgH gene rearrangement studies by conventional PCR and clinical features are more useful. In contrast, T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma can be distinguished from classical Hodgkin's lymphoma thanks to the presence of monoclonal IgH rearrangement and the CD 30-CD15-CD45+EMA+ immunophenotypic profile of the neoplastic cells in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Growth receptor factor and steroid hormones: their diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of neoplasms in children].

The distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and receptors for steroid hormones--androgens (RA), estrogens (RE) and glucocorticoids (RG) was studied in malignant (MT) and benign (BT) tumors in children. The distribution and mean levels of some receptors in normal tissues were statistically different from those in MT and BT. The absence of RA and the high levels of RE > 20 fmol/mg protein and RG > 50 fmol/mg protein were typical of MT whereas BT might be characterized by the high levels of EGFR > 300 fmol/mg protein. In MT with and without metastases, the following parameters were significantly different (p < 0.001): RG = 81 and 18 fmol/mg, respectively, and EGFR = 160 and 58 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The most informative parameters for distinguishing BT and MT appeared to be RA (0.086 dit), RE (0.043 dit) and EGFR (0.037 dit). The most sensitive parameter for MT was RG, which, however, is least specific; RA is most specific (75%). The optimal amount of three parameters: RA + RE + EGFR (88.4%) is most exact for differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Differential diagnosis of neoplasms of the lacrimal gland using ultrasonic scanning].

The paper describes results of ultrasound scanning in 32 patients with new formations in the lacrimal gland area, using a device "Ophthalmoocuscan, Model 200 A" (USA), with ultrasound fluctuation frequency--10 mHz, exposition time of probing impulse--0.2 microseconds. It was found that in case of lacrimal gland pathology the highest information value is received when the probe is placed at the superior external margin of the orbit and its scanning surface is directed on the site of the lacrimal gland projection. Characteristics of scanograms of different histologic types of new formations in the lacrimal gland area described: those of pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, retention cysts. Typical scanograms were obtained in 78.1% of patients. The obtained characteristics of scanograms are recommended to be used in a complex with other methods for differential diagnostics of lacrimal gland new formations of different genesis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗