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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparison of survey radiography with ultrasonography and x-ray computed tomography for clinical staging of subcutaneous neoplasms in dogs.

A study of 26 dogs (examined consecutively) with infiltrative subcutaneous neoplasms (mastocytoma, n = 11; soft tissue sarcoma, n = 13; and adenocarcinoma, n = 2) was conducted. Dogs were evaluated by physical examination, survey radiography, ultrasonography (US), and x-ray computed tomography (CT) prior to surgical excision of the tumor. The purpose of the evaluation was to accurately define gross neoplastic margins before surgical excision and to determine whether a difference could be observed between routine clinical staging (physical examination and survey radiography) and more detailed clinical staging (US and CT imaging). The clinical stage of 5 of 26 neoplasms assessed by US and of 17 of 26 neoplasms assessed by CT was determined to be more advanced because of previously undetected neoplasia, greater neoplastic size, or greater tissue invasiveness. Preoperative imaging of infiltrative subcutaneous neoplasms, using US and CT, is highly recommended to accurately determine gross neoplastic margins.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

HMGI(Y) gene expression in colorectal cancer: comparison with some histological typing, grading, and clinical staging.

We investigated HMGI(Y) gene expression in 81 pairs of frozen samples obtained from colorectal carcinomas and adjacent normal colorectal mucosas and in four samples from colorectal mucosa from patients without neoplastic diseases. In this group, HMGI(Y)-positive/-negative expression was compared with some histological features, grading, and clinical staging of neoplasms investigated to assess its potential role as a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer. Expression of HMGI(Y) gene was found in 51 of 81 cases of colorectal cancers, while, in normal mucosa, expression of this gene was not observed. HMGI(Y) gene expression was associated with more advanced tumors (T3, T4) and metastases to lymph nodes (N1, N2). The most interesting finding was that expression of this gene correlated with distant metastases. HMGI(Y) gene expression was detected in all cases classified as M1 (n = 19, p = 0.0008). We did not find any association between age, gender, tumor localization, histological type and this gene expression.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Staging of musculoskeletal neoplasms. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society.

This review reports the natural evolution of benign and malignant lesions of connective tissue derivation that led to the staging system, the system for both benign and malignant lesions, its articulation with surgical treatment and early experience with its use.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

[The value of computer tomography in the staging of primary lymph node neoplasms (author's transl)].

Staging was undertaken in 118 patients with primary lymph node neoplasms; the sensitivity of computer tomography in the paraaortic region was 80%, that of lymphography 89%. Specificity of computer tomography was 93%, of lymphography 95%. In the iliac region, sensitivity was 81% (CT) and 90% (lymphography), and specificity was 90% (CT) and 97% (Lymphography). The value of computer tomography should, however, be stressed, since it can demonstrate lymph nodes not shown by lymphography, including those in the mediastinum, as well as lesions in the spleen, liver and lungs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Diagnostic and prognostic value of angiogenesis-modulating genes in malignant thyroid neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is an essential biologic event in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. We postulated that expression analysis of genes that modulate angiogenesis would identify differentially expressed genes that would help to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms and serve as markers of aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer. METHODS: A complementary DNA (cDNA) array with 96 genes that modulate angiogenesis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (2-fold higher or lower) in malignant versus benign thyroid neoplasms. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm cDNA array expression data in 123 patients (4 normal thyroid, 26 hyperplastic nodules, 27 follicular adenomas, 23 follicular cancers, 18 follicular variant of papillary cancers, 25 papillary cancers). RESULTS: Twenty-two genes were upregulated in malignant thyroid neoplasms by cDNA array analysis, but only 13 genes had higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in malignant than in benign thyroid neoplasms by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (P < or = .04). Of the 13 differentially expressed genes, the combined use of angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) mRNA expression levels was best for distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid neoplasms, with a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 85%, positive predictive value of 75%, and negative predictive value of 94%. Epidermal growth factor receptor and ephrin B2 mRNA expression was elevated in higher TNM stage neoplasms and in patients with high-risk AMES (Age, distant Metastasis, Extrathyroidal invasion, and tumor Size) differentiated thyroid cancers (P < or = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Angiopoietin 2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 are diagnostic markers of malignant thyroid nodules and could improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNA biopsy. Epidermal growth factor receptor and ephrin B2 are markers of aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1995

DNA and PCNA content of renal cell carcinoma and prognosis.

Robson stage I or II renal carcinomas have a heterogenous clinical outcome. A variety of morphologic features and other parameters have been proposed as prognostically useful. The authors measured the DNA content and PCNA expression of 47 stage I or II renal carcinomas, and assessed the association of these measures with pathologic stage, nuclear grade, and clinical course. Approximately 56% of stage I neoplasms and 40% of stage II neoplasms were diploid. Five of 9 neoplasms in which multiple samples were analyzed manifested both aneuploid and diploid regions. PCNA expression was noted in 20 of 32 stage I neoplasms and 9 of 15 stage II neoplasms, and varied greatly among the neoplasms. Neither ploidy nor PCNA expression is associated with clinical behavior in these data. These results are different from some of those previously reported by others. These discrepancies are likely to be due to differences in methodology and the fact that there were only eight cases of metastatic disease. No single parameter will serve as a completely accurate prognostic indicator. Most individuals with these neoplasms will do well because all of the tumor has been excised.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed2003

DNA methylation, a biomarker for colorectal cancer: implications for screening and pathological utility.

Currently up to one-third of colorectal cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease that precludes a surgical cure. Performance limitations and low uptake of current screening tools have fueled research to develop minimally invasive approaches that can detect early-stage neoplasms. The observation that altered DNA can be amplified from the stool or circulation has stimulated research on its use as a biomarker of occult neoplasia. De novo methylation of CpG islands 5' to certain tumor suppressor genes has been associated with epigenetic silencing. At certain loci this phenomenon is specific for neoplastic populations, and it is frequently detected at early stages in colorectal tumorigenesis. Accordingly, hypermethylation events have been proposed by researchers as ideal targets for the basis of a screening panel to detect peripheral tumor DNA. This critique reviews research findings on the use of epigenetic biomarkers in screening for occult neoplasia. In addition, the authors consider the pathological utility of epigenetic testing in refining tumor staging and predicting disease recurrence.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1980

[Chemo-(hormonal)-therapy of advanced ovarian neoplasms in FIGO stages III and IV. Prospective SAKK-study 20/71].

From 1971 to 1974 89 patients with advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO-stage III-IV), admitted to seven centers of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), were randomly allocated to three different treatment schedules: cyclophosphamide (CYT) alone or CYT in combination with either medroxyprogesterone acetate (GEST) or 5-fluorouracil (FU). Results in 71 evaluable patients (according to standardized group criterial) were as follows: 1. The overall remission rate was 48% (34 out of 71 patients) with no clear-cut statistical difference between the three treatment schedules but a firm trend towards higher remission rate with CYT + FU (58% as compared to 42% with CYT alone). 2. The scheduled "second-look" operations were performed in only 5 of 34 patients clinically judged to respond to therapy (PR), and does not allow objective surgical monitoring of therapeutic effects intraabdominally. 3. The median remission duration varied from 3 months (CYT alone) to 6 months (CYT + FU or CYT + GEST), again with only marginal statistical differences. 4. With regard to survival from initiation of chemotherapy, no treatment regimen was superior to another. The median survival ranged from 6.6 months (CYT) to 10.3 months (CYT + GEST). Patients responding to chemo-(hormone) therapy (CR + PR + NC) showed a significant prolongation of survival as compared to those with initial disease progression: median survival in "responders" was 11 months and in "non-responders" 2.9 months. A small group of 8-10% of all treated patients has survived in documented tumor remission for 4 years and more. 5. Toxicity was moderate and consisted mainly of mild temporary hematologic depression, tolerable nausea and transient alopecia, with equal distribution in the three treatment regimens. Hemorrhagic cystitis due to CYT was observed only in 3 cases. 6. Progress in remission induction and duration, as well as survival in advanced ovarian cancer, seems to depend on the inclusion of new effective agents (such as adriamycin, hexamethylmelamine and cisplatinum) and, most probably, on significantly more intensive treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Multiple primary tumours in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

A series of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) observed at the "Regina Elena" Cancer Institute was retrospectively reviewed in order to analyse the risk factors for multiple and second primary tumours (SPTs), their impact on survival and effective measures to control this phenomenon. In a survey of 200 individuals with a median follow-up of 3.2 years (25th percentile: 1.2, 75th percentile: 5.5), the incidence rate of SPTs was 14%: 39% arose in the oral cavity, 18% in the oropharynx, 10% in the lung and 7% both in the lip and larynx. There were no cases of secondary oesophageal tumours. Ninety-six per cent of the diagnosed histological types of SPTs were SCCs. Forty per cent of the new cancers were synchronous and 60% were metachronous, developing at a steady rate of 1.5% per year with no evidence of plateau. The overall incidence, adjusted by the length of follow-up, was 40 SPTs per 1000 person-years of follow-up. Although all the patients were at a greater risk for SPTs, the rates widely varied, according to specific factors: heavy tobacco consumption accounted for a statistically significant risk excess which was particularly high among younger smokers with an index tumour of the lower oral cavity. No difference was noticed in relation to the index neoplasm stage. In patients both with localised and advanced index tumours, 5-year survival rates were lower in those with SPTs and the difference was statistically significant for the 2-year survivors who were most likely to overcome the first disease. The present study confirms, the exceptionally high incidence of multifocal SCC in oral cancer patients and emphasizes the importance of preventive measures, since careful screening procedures, carried out to detect multifocal tumours at an early stage, should improve survival in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Echolaparoscopy in the staging of abdominal neoplasms. Prospective study].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and influence on surgical strategy of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound on staging of abdominal malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective evaluation of laparoscopic ultrasound staging, according to the TNM classification, of 80 consecutive cases of abdominal malignancies in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and influence on surgical strategy. Pathologic examination of final surgical specimens or laparoscopic biopsies was used as control. RESULTS: Laparoscopic ultrasound evaluation was carried out successfully in 95% of cases with no mortality and morbidity. Twenty one out of 76 patients (28%) had their stage changed based on laparoscopic ultrasound findings. Unnecessary laparotomy was avoided in 11 cases (14%) due to evidence of advanced disease at laparoscopic ultrasound. For pancreatic cancer laparoscopic ultrasound was more sensitive for TNM, specificity was higher just for nodal evaluation. For liver tumor laparoscopic staging revealed more sensitive for N and M evaluation. Laparoscopic ultrasound staging had low specificity and sensitivity for T evaluation, while it was more sensitive and specific than clinical staging for nodal and distant metastasis assessment respectively for gastric and colon cancer. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic ultrasound staging is a safe, feasible and effective staging tool for several abdominal malignancies. The introduction of laparoscopic ultrasound probes overcomes the lack of tactile sensation proper of laparoscopy, allowing precise evaluation of both solid and deeply located abdominal structures. The use of laparoscopic ultrasound staging may help to reduce the number of unnecessary laparotomies.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local staging of prostate cancer with endorectal surface coil MR imaging in a mid-field magnetic system.

To investigate the accuracy of endorectal surface coil magnetic resonance imaging (ecMRI) in a 1.0-T magnetic field for the local staging of prostate cancer, 25 patients were studied. In 14 Stages T1 and T2 tumors, 11 were correctly identified and 3 were overstaged. In 11 Stage T3 neoplasms, ecMRI was accurate in 7 cases, and the other 4 were understaged. The overall accuracy of ecMRI in 1.0 T was 72% and that was comparable to the reported accuracy of this technique in high-field systems.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Differential diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma.

The biopsies of all lesions clinically thought to be suspicious for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were reviewed over a 15-month period. A diagnosis of KS was made in 40 of 106 biopsies (38%). The cases in which a diagnosis other than KS was made included dermatofibroma, hemangioma, and scar. This second group comprised 59 of 106 cases (56%). A third group included some lesions that had an atypical vascular proliferation, but in which the changes were insufficient for a definite diagnosis of KS. The presence of abnormally shaped vessels, especially those classified as irregular, was the best single criterion to diagnose KS in its early stages. In later stages, the neoplasm assumes a nodular configuration with typical, slitlike vascular channels. At the periphery of such nodules dilated, irregularly shaped vessels similar to those of the early lesions are often seen. The histologic features which help in the diagnosis of KS from other histologic entities are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Tissue type plasminogen activator antigen in urine of patients with bladder cancer].

In urine of 25 patients with bladder carcinoma the antigen of tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was assessed. The level of t-PA was much higher in patients with bladder carcinoma in comparison with a control group. We also analyzed the level of t-PA between patients with superficial and invasive bladder carcinoma the level of t-PA was higher. In conclusion, there is t-PA in urine of patients with bladder carcinoma and its level is correlated with staging of neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Detection of neoplasms of female reproductive organs in Pałuk region in the years 1979-1997 before and after expanded prophylactic investigation].

The lack of periodical medical investigation is the cause of late detection of neoplasms processes as well as an increase in mortality rate. The aim of this study was to analyse detectability of female reproductive organ neoplasms in Pałuki district-before and after periodical, prophylactic investigation was established. We analysed two periods: 1979-1984 and 1985-1997. Within these periods 59,221 cytological smears were investigated. After prophylactic examination was started it comprised: anamnesis, cytological smear, gynecological examination, and manual breast examination/the detectability rate of early stages neoplasms has increased to 50% in comparison to the period before 1979. We think that active, periodical and population screening increases detectability of precancerous conditions as well as early cancers particularly uterine cervix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[MR staging in renal neoplasms. Comparison with surgical data].

Forty-six patients bearing renal lesions were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A superconductive magnet (1.5 T) was used to stage the lesions according to Robson's criteria. A positive correlation between MR and pathologic results was observed in 40 cases. MR imaging overstaged 4 lesions: 2 of them for suspected infiltration of perirenal fat (MR stage II, versus pathologic stage I), one was a false-positive finding for lymph node metastasis (MR stage IIIb, versus pathologic stage II) and another one for suspected bowel loop infiltration (MR stage IVa, versus pathologic stage II). Two lesions were understaged: in one case bowel loop infiltration was missed by MR imaging (MR stage II, versus pathologic stage IVa) and another one for a false-negative lymph node metastasis (MR stage II, versus pathologic stage IIIb). In all the cases with involvement of renal vein and vena cava, MR imaging correctly demonstrated the presence of neoplastic thrombi.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Considerations of psychosocial illness phase in cancer survival.

Rarely are biomedical, clinical and psychosocial data considered simultaneously as influences on cancer patient outcomes. This study utilized medical record and interview data from 152 adult cancer patients with various tumor types in a model of survival estimation. Predictors included disease stage of the neoplasm (TNM stage), clinical functioning of the patient (Karnofsky performance status), and psychosocial demands of the disease course (psychosocial illness phase). Psychosocial illness phase captures developmental time phases of illness (i.e. 'crisis', 'early chronic', 'late chronic' and 'terminal'), essentially locating patients along the disease course relative to treatment and treatment response. The analysis utilized the Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) method to estimate stratum specific survival functions. Model comparisons employed the differences in the likelihood ratio chi-squares between nested models, and Cox proportional hazard models assisted in explaining the effects of the predictors on survival times. Results indicate that psychosocial illness phase makes an independent contribution to survival time estimation (p<0.05) when all three dimensions are considered simultaneously.

Adaptation, Psychological↗