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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Psychiatric symptoms in cancer patients. Is the cause organic or psychologic?

Because cancer and its treatment have so many effects on the CNS, the diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms in cancer patients is problematic. Naturally there are psychologic and psychosocial issues that often sufficiently explain why a patient appears distressed. Dealing with psychologic adjustment is always an important part of the management of patients with severe medical, as opposed to psychiatric, illness, whether or not biologic components of the psychologic problem can be identified and addressed. The most frequent error physicians make in evaluating psychiatric symptoms is to assume that a psychologic explanation is sufficient. Expressions such as "Wouldn't you be depressed if you had cancer?" are often used to excuse failure to pursue further evaluation. Careful reviews of cases in which cancer patients were labeled as having psychologic problems have consistently shown a high incidence of misdiagnosis. Correct diagnosis and treatment of an underlying organic disorder can alleviate symptoms that impair the patient's innate coping resources, allowing him or her to grapple more effectively with adverse circumstances.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of neoplasms of the central nervous system.

The diagnosis and evaluation of neoplasms of the central nervous system frequently involves the use of immunohistochemical stains. This article reviews some of the more commonly used markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, and cytokeratin markers. The focus of the discussion is on the use of these markers including their utility in resolving differential diagnostic issues. We also review the use of p53 and a variety of cell proliferation markers including proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, MIB-1 and their potential role as adjuncts in the grading of tumors and their potential role in predicting tumor behavior.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1995

Hemangioblastoma of the radial nerve: case report.

A case of hemangioblastoma of the right radial nerve is presented. Hemangioblastomas are rare vascular neoplasms characteristically associated with the Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, in which they are found in the retina, the posterior fossa, and, less often, the spinal cord. Thought of as primary central nervous system neoplasms, hemangioblastomas are rarely found adjacent to the spinal cord involving proximal nerve roots, which represent border zones between the central and peripheral nervous systems. We could find no other report of a pure hemangioblastoma situated this far distally in the peripheral nervous system. The histological findings, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopic findings of this lesion are discussed. This case supports the hypothesis that hemangioblastoma is not derived from astrocytes, because of the location of this tumor in the peripheral nervous system and glial fibrillary acidic protein negativity.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Trends in survival after childhood cancer in Denmark, 1943-87: a population-based study.

Survival from cancer in childhood and adolescence was studied in a population-based series of 8312 cases in children aged 0-19 years notified to the Danish Cancer Registry during 1943-87. During the first period (1943-72), 5-year survival rates from all malignant neoplasms increased from 23% (1943-52) to 33% (1963-72). The greatest improvement was seen during the period 1973-87 when 5-year survival rates reached 64% (1983-87). Between 1973-77 and 1983-87, 5-year survival rates increased from 32% to 62% for leukaemia, from 40% to 70% for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 35% to 54% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, from 50% to 66% for central nervous system neoplasms and from 25% to 49% for bone tumours. An improvement in 5-year survival rates from Wilms' tumour was seen between 1960 (19%) and 1980 (81%). Up to 1972, the 5-year survival rate from germ-cell neoplasms was approximately 40%; among patients diagnosed in 1983-87, 76% survived for 5-years. Annual lethality decreased by 2.5% for all malignant neoplasms in 1943-72 and by 4.4% in 1972-87. Lethality was similar for boys and girls during the period 1943-72, but was significantly lower for girls subsequently. A marked effect of age at diagnosis was seen in the early registration period, where lethality rate for the age group 0-9 years was substantially higher compared with that in the age group 10-19 years. This inequality persisted only for children less than 2 years of age at the time of diagnosis in the later period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Ki-67 immunoperoxidase stain as marker for the histological grading of nervous system tumours.

The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 recognizes a nuclear antigen which is expressed during the G1, S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Immunostaining of frozen biopsy material thus presents a convenient and rapid method for the estimation of the growth fraction in human neoplasia. This report summarizes the results obtained in 178 neurosurgical biopsies. The highest incidence of Ki-67 positive nuclei was observed in 8 metastatic carcinomas (mean: 20%) and in 53 cases of glioblastoma multiforme (10%). Glioblastomas showed considerable variation, the fraction of stained nuclei ranging from 1 to 28%. For astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas we found a close correlation between the Ki-67 index and the histological grade in agreement with known biological behaviour. In anaplastic gliomas (WHO grade III) the upper limit was 11%, in grade II gliomas, 6%. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and pituitary adenomas showed mean staining indices of approximately 1%. In 13 meningiomas the mean Ki-67 index was 1% but rose to 5% in recurrent and anaplastic meningiomas. Assessment of the growth fraction in human brain tumours by immunostaining with Ki-67 could become an important tool in the prediction of the biological behaviour of nervous system neoplasms and the planning of adjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Advances in cancer pain.

Advances in cancer pain research and management are an example of the advances that have occurred within the field of neuro-oncology, the medical discipline that includes the diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system neoplasms, metastatic and nonmetastatic neurological complications of cancer originating outside the nervous system, and pain associated with cancer. Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, coupled with advances in our understanding of the anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and psychology of pain perception, has led to improved care of the patient with pain of malignant origin. Currently, specialized methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment provide the most direct approach to treating cancer pain by treating the cause of the pain. Yet, before the introduction of successful antitumor therapy, when treatment of the cause of the pain has failed or when injury to bone, soft tissue, or nerve has occurred as a result of therapy, appropriate pain management is essential.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1997

Neoplasms.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Nervous System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Brain and other nervous system tumours.

Interpretation of time trends in incidence rates for cancers of brain and other and unspecified parts of nervous system is complicated by variation in registration efficiency over time and place, statistical instability of rates, changes in the ICD classification of the tumours, variation in registration practice for the benign and unspecified tumours over time and changes in methods of diagnosis. The reader will undoubtedly have the impression that in this chapter there are too many differences in the content of the data over time and place to have confidence in any of the conclusions drawn. To derive a well documented and sustainable assessment on secular trends will require an international collaborative study collecting incidence data for the malignant, benign, uncertain and unspecified tumours of the brain and other parts of the nervous system by histology and by method of diagnosis. By providing a separate rubric for the meninges, the 10th Revision of the ICD (WHO, 1993) should--combined with the morphology rubrics of the second edition of the International Classification of Diseases-Oncology (Percy et al 1990)--make such an endeavour somewhat easier. The data presented above nevertheless suggest that, as for several other cancer sites, on the whole there has been a slow overall increase in the incidence of brain and other and unspecified nervous system neoplasms on the order of 1-2% per year over the past 30 years. Increases appear to have been greater in older people. The extent to which these increases are due to the unquestioned improvements in methods and precision of diagnosis is not clear. Birth cohort data suggest that in recent years, this influence may have been greatest for those birth cohorts born prior to 1900, and this effect is unlikely to disappear until cohorts born about 1910-1920 have passed on. There is currently little evidence to support the contention that the recent increase in older people cannot be largely explained by improvements in diagnostic methods, wider access to medical care and more intensive investigation. Further work is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Radioimmunological monitoring of the treatment of malignant neoplasms in childhood].

In 56 cases of children with tumours, the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was established with radio-immunological method. There were 15 children with neuroblastoma, 13 with ovarian tumours, 14 with sacro-coccygeal tumours, 7 with tumours of liver and 7 with tumours of testis. The level of AFP was elevated in all children with hepatoblastoma, carcinoma embryonale, and malignant teratoma. Monitoring was performed in 15 children with tumours mentioned above. Usefulness of evaluation of AFP level in blood serum in these tumours has been confirmed by diagnosis. In effective treatment of these tumours, AFP level has fallen down to normal. Its rising up again prognosed tumour's relapse several months before.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical differentiation of neuroblastomas from other small round cell neoplasms of childhood using a panel of mono- and polyclonal antibodies.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies to neuroblastoma cells, leucocyte common antigen, vimentin and MHC class II antigens (HLA-DR) and a polyclonal antibody to epidermal keratin were used for immunohistochemistry on sections of ethanol fixed and paraffin embedded specimens from 40 undifferentiated small cell tumours and 10 neural crest neoplasms. With the exception of central nervous system neoplasms and two embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, immunohistochemical examination discriminated between the neural crest neoplasms and the other small cell tumours. Moreover, the staining pattern of neoplastic cells and structures in the neural crest neoplasms obtained with antibodies to neuroblastoma cells seemed, in part, to reflect the degree of tumour differentiation.

Antibodies↗