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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effect of removable orthodontic appliances on oral colonisation by mutans streptococci in children.

Little is known about the effect of removable orthodontic appliances on oral colonisation by mutans streptococci (MS). In the present study, the frequency of isolation and serotype distribution of MS were evaluated in two groups of children, one undergoing therapy with removable appliances and the other not subjected to any kind of orthodontic treatment, respectively. Streptococci isolated from dental plaque samples from both groups of children were identified as mutans streptococci on the basis of their morphological and biochemical properties and were then serotyped in an enzyme immuno-assay using monoclonal antibodies. The number of subjects harbouring MS in their dental plaque was statistically higher in the group of orthodontic children without caries experience (CF) in comparison with CF children of the control group (10/12, 83.3% vs. 15/44, 34%). No clear difference was observed in the distribution of the different MS serotypes between the experimental and control group: S. mutans c,f serotype was the most frequently isolated in both groups of children followed by S. mutans serotype e and S. sobrinus serotype g. Such results suggest that the use of removable appliances may lead to the creation of new retentive areas and surfaces, which favour the local adherence and growth of MS. The data obtained stress the importance of a careful monitoring of patients treated orthodontically for risk of caries development.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1982

Gingival response to removable orthodontic appliances.

The gingival state of twenty-four young patients (mean age 9.4 years) wearing simple removable orthodontic appliances was assessed and followed at monthly intervals for 4 months. In nine of the patients intentional relief of the appliance was made in the upper right area. The plaque index levels were similar in both "relief" and "no-relief" groups and reached a similar score at 4 months. The gingival index was significantly higher in the "relief" group, and all five cases that showed gingival hyperplasia of the experimental area belonged to this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

In vitro release of nickel and chromium from simulated orthodontic appliances.

The purpose of this experiment was to measure the amounts of nickel and chromium released from a simulated orthodontic appliance incubated in 0.05 percent sodium chloride solution. The average release of metals was 40 micrograms nickel and 36 micrograms chromium per day for a full-mouth appliance. This was well below the average dietary intake of nickel and chromium consumed by Americans. However, the clinician should be aware that release of nickel and chromium from orthodontic bands might sensitize patients to nickel and chromium and may cause hypersensitivity reactions in patients with a prior history of hypersensitivity of these metals.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Computer-assisted fabrication of orthodontic appliances: considering the possibilities.

The authors describe a computer-controlled system that can partially automate the fabrication of maxillary orthodontic appliances. The system can be programmed to deposit and cure the acrylic portion of these appliances. Using this new process, the operator places the orthodontic wires and expansion screws on the surface of the dental cast, secures the cast onto the machine and describes the desired shape of the appliance via graphical user interface. The machine then applies and cures the acrylic to form the finished appliance. Only minimal grinding and buffing is required.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2004

Psychophysical testing of taste and flavour reactivity in young patients undergoing treatment with removable orthodontic appliances.

Upper removable appliances (URA), as well as full dentures, are known to be the cause of various complaints related to oral handling of food and beverages, phonation and vocalization, in addition to general discomfort. To test the hypothesis that taste and flavour perception might also be affected by URA, 22 young orthodontic patients (10 males and 12 females aged 11.5 +/- 1.7 years; experimental group) wearing URA and 17 subjects (seven males and 10 females aged 11.6 +/- 2.0 years; control group) not wearing any orthodontic appliances were presented with a battery of eight intra-oral gustatory and three retro-nasal flavour stimuli. The subjects in the experimental group were tested on three different occasions and those in the control group on two occasions. All participants were required to label verbally the perceived taste and flavour sensations, as well as to estimate the palatability and intensity of the perceived sensation on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Means and standard deviations were calculated from the individual values and then compared between the two groups and among the different testing times. Statistical significance was assessed with a level of confidence set at 0.025. The results revealed no significant difference between the indicative values chosen to represent taste and flavour reactivity, neither between the groups nor among different dates of testing within each group. Orthodontists should therefore encourage patients to also use the URA during meals, without any detrimental effect on taste and/or flavour perception.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1975

[Indications and contraindications for removable and fixed orthodontic appliances].

The treatment of the changing dentition by self-regulating measures and with removable appliances is confronted with the multiband technique. Advantages and disadvantages are described. If one considers the factors of risk and the relationship between work volume and effect, removable appliances deserve preference. However, there is still a limited range of indication for the fixed appliances.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2000

[Orthodontic appliance made from silicone elastomer, evaluated clinically and from patient opinions after treatment for malocclusion].

Elastodontics is a new branch of orthodontics dealing with orthodontic appliances made with silicone elastomer. The appliances are simple in construction and function, easy to use, and safe. One of the simplest is the elasto-aligner used in some forms of malocclusion. The purpose of this work was: 1) to evaluate the results of treatment of malocclusion with this type of appliance in relation to age of patient and duration of treatment; 2) to gather the opinions of patients; 3) to assess the costs and duration of treatment. 70 patients were examined clinically and asked to fill in a questionnaire (Tab. 1, 3). The elasto-aligner was especially useful when applied in malocclusion after treatment with a fixed appliance. The silicone appliance is recommended for the youngest of patients and should be worn for at least 12 hours per day (Tab. 2). Adaptation to the silicone appliance was long and the most uncomfortable symptoms were toothache, excessive salivation, and dry lips in elderly patients (Fig. 1). The time needed to make the elasto-aligner was up to 20 hours and the cost of materials varied between an acrylic activator and a fixed appliance.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1985

Candidal carriage and plaque distribution before, during and after removable orthodontic appliance therapy.

Candidal counts at 6 mucosal sites in 33 subjects were estimated by imprint culture before, during and after removable orthodontic appliance therapy. Additionally, dental plaque scores and salivary pH were measured at each stage. Whole mouth and site prevalence of candida rose significantly during therapy before falling to levels approximating initial values. A similar pattern was seen for candidal counts for the whole mouth and at individual mucosal sites, although post-treatment densities were usually lower than originally seen. The number of sites colonised by candida and salivary pH also increased significantly during treatment and fell significantly afterwards. Only the upper palatal plaque scores rose during therapy and most other dental sites showed a gradual decrease in value during the course of the study. This could be attributed to regular monitoring of the patient's oral hygiene procedures. This investigation demonstrated a direct relationship between the presence of an acrylic appliance, candida and low salivary pH levels. Furthermore, removable appliance therapy had a positive, though transient influence upon the prevalence and density of oral candidal carriage, suggesting that the appliance may initiate the carrier state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The prediction of distortion in formed orthodontic appliances.

The theoretical prediction of the onset of distortion within a retraction U-loop as derived from a knowledge of the maximum bending moment, the wire characteristics and the loop dimensions was found to be in good agreement with the experimental measurements carried out on large scale models of the U-loops. The ability to predict distortion in appliances should be of use in any comparison of the properties of the different designs of U-loop or in the evaluation of different designs of orthodontic appliance.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

[Neon-colored plastics for orthodontic appliances. Biocompatibility studies].

Public concern and issues of liability have made product safety a major concern throughout the medical field including orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to test the biocompatibility of the new neon colored plastic materials to be used for removable orthodontic appliances before they reach the market and are used in patient treatment. In addition, eight modifications of this synthetic material, which has been used in appliances for many years, were examined without neon color. The procedures established tested for: 1. mutagenicity, 2. toxicity, and 3. irritation of the mucous membrane. As alternatives to using animals the Ames Test, the Agar Overlay Assay, and the HET-CAM Test were employed to test for these properties. The tests revealed that, when the manufacturer's instructions are followed, neither the polymerized materials as used in patient appliances nor the shavings resulting from the orthodontist or the technician grinding the appliance exhibit mutagenic, toxic, or irritating properties.

Animals↗