PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Ocular Motility Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of the work time used in outpatient ophthalmology techniques].

PURPOSE: To determine the work time used for out-patients seen in the ophthalmology out-patient clinic according to treatment for each diagnosis and examination guidelines. Another objective was to discover the diagnostic related outpatient demand as well as the time spent on each technique. METHOD: We have designed a computer database system that includes examinations, treatments and medical services. Their duration was measured in a random sample of 127 ophthalmology outpatients in the General Hospital of Castellon. Sixty five of the patients had come to their first visit and 62 to the follow-up visits. RESULTS: A new patient spends a mean of 42 minutes and a follow-up patient spends a mean of 27 minutes. The most frequent diagnoses are retinal diseases (30%), cataract (18.6%), glaucoma (11.8%) and ocular motility disorders (11.8%). We present the mean times used by the physician in the ophthalmic techniques used in outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: We have modified the standard times of 30 minutes for the first visit and 15 minutes for the follow-up visit. Data on the work time used for all the ophthalmics techniques in our outpatient clinic are presented. This ophthalmology survey can be used for health care managers to establish the < > and health care plan administration to adapt the resources to the demand.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2002

[Pulsating exophtalmos and contralateral carotid-cavernous fistula].

A rare case of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula with contralateral clinical signs (ocular discomfort, pulsating exophthalmos, chemosis, ptosis) is reported. It was associated with partial thrombosis of the ipsilateral cavernous sinus. It was cured with conservative treatment after six months. Anatomical knowledge of the cavernous sinus remains essential for better understanding of this original clinical presentation.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[MRI used in the exploration of occulomotor muscles].

PURPOSE: To improve existing MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) methods of assessing ocular motility in horizontal gaze by using a multistatic fast imaging T2W MRI sequence, preventing patient head movement and convergence of the eyes during the study for diagnosis and management of complex paralytic strabismus. METHODS: A turbo-RARE image of the orbits was acquired in a set plane each time the patient fixed on a virtual image of 1 of 15 LEDs (light emitting diodes). The head was positioned and immobilized with a security cushion at an 8 degrees tilt of the 25-cm quadrature head coil. After completion of the study (5 mn), the MRI images were transferred to a work station and then onto a magnetic video tape to be replayed in cine mode on a PC using standard software. The qualitative analysis was completed by the study of quantitative parameters: visual axis, minor axis of the lens, the lines and angles of the horizontal rectus muscles with the optic nerve and the visual axis. We used digital image analysis to measure the cross-sectional areas of these muscles and also to determine muscle volume. Twenty normal volunteers and 3 cases of oculomotor palsies were studied. RESULTS: The experimental setup allowed us to obtain images which:1) CONCLUSION: This method will provide useful functional quantitative information in the evaluation of ocular motility disorders. The procedure is readily clinically applicable.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2003

[Thyroid orbitopathy].

Thyroid Orbitopathy (T.O) is the most common orbital disease caused by a systemic illness. The clinical manifestations of T.O are a result of inflammation, edema and scarring of orbital tissue, and include exophthalmos, soft tissue edema, lid retraction, chemosis, exposure keratitis that can lead to corneal ulceration and perforation, ocular motility disorders and strabismus, and compressive optic neuropathy. T.O is an autoimmune disease but the exact etiology is yet to be revealed. Most cases resolve spontaneously without the need for medical or surgical intervention, but more severe cases may result in devastating visual and cosmetic results. In recent years, there has been a significant progress in the understanding of the disease and the medical and surgical treatment of T.O. This work reviews new aspects of T.O and it's surgical treatment, and include clinical photographs of patients operated on in our department.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1959

Nonsurgical treatment of convergent strabismus.

It is generally agreed that surgical treatment of convergent strabismus should be withheld until all other less traumatic approaches have proved ineffectual. There are four categories of nonsurgical treatment. One is psychiatric. Too often psychiatric problems in the causation of convergent strabismus are either overlooked or unrecognized. Another is the proper employment of optical devices. For example, spectacle lenses to eliminate the need for excessive accommodation with its associated convergence excess, and the employment of prisms in the lenses to permit the two eyes to see as a unit even though they may not be properly anatomically oriented. Another kind of treatment is orthoptics, the use of exercises and rather complex optical equipment in a laboratory to train the patient in coordination between the two eyes. Treatment with drugs is based on the fact that certain drugs reduce the effort necessary for accommodation (much as eye-glasses do) and therefore lessen the stimulus toward convergence which may possibly tend toward the development of convergent strabismus.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2003

[Applications of Orbit 1.8 Computer Biomechanics Simulation for diagnosis and treatment of congenital superior oblique paresis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of Orbit 1.8 Computer Biomechanics Simulation in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital superior oblique paresis. METHODS: Fifteen patients with congenital superior oblique paresis were enrolled in the present study. Hess test and other strabismus tests were performed before and after the surgery. Parameters such as contractile force, elasticity, innervation of extraocular muscles and the secondary changes in other muscles were treated by the Orbit 1.8 to simulate the preoperative situation. A biomechanical strabismus model was created. Surgical manipulations were tested on the model to predict postoperative outcomes. After surgery, simulated and actual outcomes were compared. RESULTS: The predicted results matched with the actual results quite well. Before the surgery, the mean difference between these two data was 1.66 degrees +/- 0.44 degrees in horizontal and 1.97 degrees +/- 0.51 degrees in vertical gaze. After surgery, mean difference in horizontal and vertical gaze of these two data was 1.21 degrees +/- 0.34 degrees and 1.59 degrees +/- 0.41 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Orbit 1.8 Computer Biomechanics Simulation offers a biomechanical approach to understand all of the forces that combine to control eye movement and how these forces interact in normal eyes and in eyes with motility problems. It can be used to reflect the causes of strabismus, to design the surgical procedure, to verify the diagnosis and to predict the outcome of surgery. It is a helpful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular motility disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Threshold retinopathy of prematurity: ocular changes and sequelae following cryotherapy.

PURPOSE: To determine ocular changes and sequelae following cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 49 eyes of 26 premature babies with threshold ROP treated with cryotherapy between 1995 and 1998. All eyes included in the study had favourable structural outcome after cryotherapy. Follow-up examination of all babies was done 12 - 62 months (average 28 months) after cryotherapy. Visual axis, fixation pattern, anterior segment examination, cycloplegic refraction and dilated fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy were undertaken in all eyes during follow-up. RESULTS: Posterior pole retinal residuae observed following cryotherapy were tortousity of blood vessels in 32 (65.3%), narrow temporal arcade in 22 (44.89%), temporal crescent in 17 (34.69%), disc drag in 13 (26.53%) and macular heterotopia in 7 (14.28%) eyes. Myopia was observed in 20 (40.82%) eyes and strabismus in 5 (19.23%) babies. The significant risk factor for ocular changes was ROP with more clock hours of involvement (p < 0.05). Higher period of gestation was associated with posterior pole changes (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All premature babies with threshold ROP treated with cryotherapy require frequent and long-term follow up to look for retinal residuae, refractive status, and ocular motility disorders.

Cryotherapy↗
PubMed1991

[Unilateral paralysis of the levator muscles].

Double elevator palsy is rare clinical disorder of ocular motility characterised by a unilateral palsy of the superior rectus and inferior oblique with a resultant inability or reduced ability to elevate the affected eye on abduction as well as on adduction. The term double elevator palsy has been used to describe clinical cases that certainly do not have the features of the true paralysis. It is useful to distinguish between: true double elevator palsy characterised by hypotropia of the paretic eye in primary gaze, by a limitation of elevation in abduction and in adduction, by a negative forced duction test and by presence of Bell phenomenon; the clinical form in which prolonged hypotropia has produced a contracture of the ipsilateral antagonist; isolated inferior restriction combined with limitation of elevation and normal elevator muscle function. The clinical case reported is that of a patient suffering from a right double elevator paralysis, probably congenital, corresponding to Type 1 of White's classification.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between ocular functions and reading achievement.

Students in grades 1 through 6 were assessed on 11 ocular functions. A multivariate correlation was made between these ocular functions and the students' reading ability, as measured on the Stanford Achievement Test. There were no significant multivariate correlations between the ocular functions and the students' reading ability. It was concluded that for students with small heterophorias and no significant refractive errors, a relationship did not exist between ocular functions and reading ability.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic injuries of the paranasal sinuses.

High-resolution imaging, based on CT, has become the expected standard of imaging in severe sinofacial trauma. Imaging must include both bone and soft-tissue detail. Intracranial complications such as hematoma, contusion, and dural tear must be noted and followed appropriately. Early orbital assessment must be included to allow surgical decompression of hematoma or fracture reduction before irreversible changes to the visual pathway occur. Clinical assessment and initial, limited plain films offer an invaluable overview to set up priorities in resuscitation and subsequent direction for more detailed assessment by higher-resolution imaging. Complex facial fractures in noncontiguous structures are increasingly noted with high-velocity trauma. Open communication between clinician and radiologist should prevent only partial assessment of the true extent of involvement. Increasing use of CT (and possibly MRI in the near future) to follow persisting post-reduction complications (Fig. 14)--whether altered position of bone grafts or implants, ocular motility disorders and enophthalmos, or sinus obliteration or ablation--has resulted in the further need for the clinician and radiologist to understand each other's capabilities, in order to offer the patient maximum benefit from his or her imaging referral.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed1995

[Cyclic strabismus. Presentation of two new cases and critical review of the literature].

Description of cyclic strabismus has been restricted for a long time to circadian esotropia. In this mysterious phenomenon, the eyes are crossed every other day with no binocular vision, but remain perfectly normal during the straight days. The usual characteristics are those of a non-accommodative and non-paretic strabismus, with onset in early childhood. There is no response to conservative treatment, and the cycles become irregular with time until the deviation becomes constant, with an excellent functional result after surgery in every case. Recently, other papers comprising data irrelevant to the classic picture suggest that cyclic strabismus includes, in fact, several different entities. The only common point is the existence of ocular motility disorders that recur more or less regularly, and whose pathologic substrate is primarily heterogeneous, whether it is thought as a mere hypothesis or a likely mechanism. Two new cases of circadian esotropia are presented together with a review of the literature relating to the criteria of the syndrome.

Biological Clocks↗
PubMed1993

Visual diagnosis of hematologic and oncologic diseases.

Cancer-related problems are seen frequently by the emergency physician. More difficult presentations are seen with premonitory symptoms, paraneoplastic syndromes, and nonspecific lesions. Dermatologic paraneoplastic syndromes are numerous, nonspecific, and consist of hamartomatous growths, texture changes, new hair growth, or changes in skin color. Alteration of skin color may be of practically any color, localized or diffuse, and of sudden or indolent onset. Hormone production by tumors may lead to acne, hirsutism, gynecomastia, or a cushingoid appearance. Pruritus may herald the onset of leukemia or lymphoma and be intolerable, as with erythroderma. All suspicious presentations require thorough investigation for underlying disease. Metastasis to skin is not common and implies a poor prognosis if seen. Most metastases are seen on the head and neck, anterior chest wall, and abdomen. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas commonly occur in sun-exposed areas. Basal cell is locally destructive, whereas squamous cell occasionally metastasizes to local lymph nodes. Malignant melanoma is the leading fatal illness originating in skin, with a dramatic rise in incidence. It is classically described as asymmetric with irregular borders, is elevated, and shows color variegation; however, melanoma may present atypically, particularly in non-whites. Kaposi's sarcoma lesions are well-demarcated, symmetric, smooth nodules that appear purplish-brown, particularly if below the knee (owing to venous stasis). The closely interrelated structures of the eye and orbit are easily disturbed, leading to the presenting symptoms of visual disturbances, exophthalmos, pain, and ocular motility disorders. Primary tumors are not unusual and may include retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and melanoma. Equally common are metastatic lesions, most commonly lung and breast carcinoma. An estimation of the malignancy of bony lesions can be made by assessing the zone of transition, periosteal reaction, and bone destruction. A malignant lesion will more likely have a broad zone of transition, irregular periosteal reaction, and moth-eaten or permeative destruction of trabeculae. Metastatic bone lesions primarily occur in sites of persistent red marrow: skull, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, and proximal humerus and femur. Bony lesions can be blastic or lytic in nature. Solitary pulmonary nodules that have not grown for 2 years can be assumed to be benign. Calcification seen on plain films are a strong (but not absolute) indication of benignancy. Lesions that are greater than 3 to 4 cm in diameter, have irregular contours, are cavitated with thick walls, have multiple peripheral nodules, and have lack of calcification are more likely malignant.

Emergencies↗
PubMed1996

Implications of comorbidity for genetic studies of bipolar disorder: P300 and eye tracking as biological markers for illness.

In large families with affective illness, identification of a biological variable is needed that reflects brain dysfunction at an earlier point than symptom development. Eye movement disorder, a possible vulnerability marker in schizophrenia, is less clearly associated with affective illness, although a subgroup of affective disorders shows smooth-pursuit eye movement disorder. The auditory P300 event-related potential may be a useful marker for risk to schizophrenia, but a role in bipolar illness is less certain. The distribution of these two biological variables and their association with symptoms in two multiply affected bipolar families is described. In a single, five-generation family identified for linkage studies through two bipolar I (BPI) probands, 128 members (including 20 spouses) were interviewed. The 108 related individuals had diagnoses of BPI (7), bipolar II (2), cyclothymia (3), or major depressive disorder (19). Eight others had generalised anxiety (1), minor depression (5), intermittent depression (1), or alcoholism (1). Sixty-nine subjects had no psychiatric diagnosis. P300 latency (81) and eye tracking (71) were recorded from a subgroup of relatives within the pedigree. Eye tracking was abnormal in 11 of 71 relatives (15.5%) and was bimodally distributed. In these 11 relatives, clinical diagnoses included minor depression (1), alcoholism (1) and generalised anxiety disorder (1). P300 latency was normally distributed and did not differ from controls. In a second family in which five of seven siblings have BPI illness, P300 latency and eye movement disorder were found in affected relatives and in some unaffected offspring. In these large families, clinical diagnoses of general anxiety, alcoholism and minor depression, when associated with eye tracking abnormality, may be considered alternative clinical manifestations of the same trait that in other relatives is expressed as bipolar illness.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Superior oblique myokymia associated with a dural arteriovenous fistula.

Superior oblique myokymia (SOM) is an uncommon ocular motility disorder characterized by intermittent uniocular vertical or torsional oscillations with periodic remissions and exacerbations. Although generally idiopathic in origin, isolated case reports have documented its association with intracranial pathology. We present a case of superior oblique myokymia associated with a dural arteriovenous fistula.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Unusual eye movements in a patient with complex partial seizure disorder.

BACKGROUND: A complex partial seizure can cause a variety of visual system signs and symptoms, including visual hallucinations, dilated pupils, and changes in vision. Little information is known about the influence of this disorder on the visual system during nonseizure moments. This case report examines the unusual eye movements-during these nonseizure times-of a patient diagnosed with complex partial seizure disorder. CASE REPORT: An 8-year-old boy was referred to the clinic by his pediatric neurologist for a comprehensive examination to rule out a visual cause for the abnormal eye movements observed by the patient's mother. Ocular examination revealed periodic, spontaneous, versional eye movements to the left and right, accompanied by a small widening of the fissures and turning of the head. No vergence or accommodative problems were detected, but Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and Visagraph testing showed mild dysfunction. Ocular health was unremarkable, while radiology studies and neurological evaluation yielded no observable pathology. CONCLUSION: Complex partial seizure disorder can affect the visual system in a wide variety of ways. The precise role, if any, that complex partial seizure disorder plays in ocular motility control during nonseizure moments is unknown. The most-plausible etiology of the observed ocular movements in this patient is the presence of a tic disorder. Patients with unknown eye movement disorders deserve a thorough evaluation, including a search for systemic causes.

Child↗