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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 5. Demonstration of pathologic associations in dairy cow stock: individual data].

The calculation of pathological association ratio (or relative risk) from two ways contingency tables, allowed to show numerous interrelationships between diseases of 1,205 dairy cows. The analysis concerns the animal during productive life, the lactation (all lactation mixed), a particular one (1st, 2nd, 3rd and more) and the beginning of productive life of cow (three first lactations). The relationships are discussed according to the level of calculation (animal, lactation, or beginning of life). There is some triangular relations: calving trilogy (dystocia-stillbirth-retained placenta), infectious trilogy (foul of the foot-metritis-mastitis), metabolic trilogy (appetite disorders-ketosis-digestive disorders), foot disorders trilogy (lameness-non infectious diseases of foot-foul of the foot). These pathological groups seem to depend from common risk factors (climate-feeding-cowshed hygiene-control of heat-age-culling policy-genetic factors-anatomical or physiological predisposition, animal size...), but, numerous interactions between groups are also shown, leading to consider pathology in farm like a complex entity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 9. Influence of the level of production on the pathology of the dairy cow].

Observations are made, during the Eco-Pathological Survey (EEPC), about six main clinical diseases of the dairy cow in the aim of studying the relationships between the milk yield level, the milk fat content, and the susceptibility to the major pathological problems (mastitis, metritis, retained placenta, lameness, digital infections, milk fever). Lactations from Black-Pied cows (1,036) and from Red-Pied ones (Montbéliardes, Tachetées de l'Est) (203) are analysed, and breed and lactation number effects are assessed. As a general trend, disease incidence increases with milk yield. For cows in the 2nd lactation or more, maximum daily milk yield increases with increasing number of diseases occurrences during the lactation: cows free of the six studied diseases produce 28 kg vs 29.2 kg for females with one disease, 30.2 kg when two diseases occurred, 31.9 kg for three diseases or more (P less than or equal to 0.001). Mastitis, lameness and digital infections appear as diseases linked with "high yield" (risk threshold between 30 and 35 kg of maximum daily milk yield). The average milk fat content of the cows free of pathology is 1 to 3% higher compared with affected animals. Relationships between milk yield level and susceptibility to disease seem to be included in the definition of the dairy herd of the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Pathology of travelers in the Antilles. Role of imported metropolitan pathology].

A preliminary and retrospective review--with a southern perspective--of some traveller's pathologies, mostly imported, and leading to hospital admission in Guadeloupe (FWI). End stage patients (cancer, AIDS...) frequently travel for a last, "compassional" trip. Ischemic heart disease is the leading pathology imported from the mother country (France). As well as in diabetes or psychiatric illness, destabilization frequently occurs as a consequence of travel (jet lag). Compulsive tennis plus dehydration cause the very common stone passage of nephrolithiasis. Concern is growing for heroin withdrawal syndrome or cocaine (crack)-abuse, and for supply for rare and expensive anticancer, antigraft rejection or antinfective (AIDS) agents. Much more familiar to us are photodermatitis, larva migrans, dengue, or ciguaterra, locally acquired. On the other hand some pathologies are quite "exotic" to us: Kaposi sarcoma, Lyme, or Behçet disease, familial mediterranean fever, brucellosis.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1997

[Clinico-pathological significance of the immunostaining of myosin heavy chain isoforms in pathological human skeletal muscle].

Expression of the four myosin heavy chain isoforms (fast-twitch, slow-twitch, neonatal and embryonal isoforms) was immunohistochemically observed in 500 biopsied limb muscles of neuromuscular disorders. Fast-twitch isoform was expressed in type 2A, 2B and pathologic 2C fibers. Slow-twitch isoform was expressed in type 1 and 2C fibers. Embryonic isoform was expressed in regenerating type 2C fibers of active myopathies such as Duchenne dystrophy and polymyositis. Expression of neonatal isoform, which was longer positive than that of embryonic isoform, was noted in regenerating fibers, denervated fibers and highly atrophic fibers in chronic myopathies of limb-girdle dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy. In conclusion, the immunostaining of MHC isoforms are useful to make a clinico-pathological diagnosis to determine the stages in evolution of regeneration or degeneration of pathologic muscle fiber per se.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[Histopathological diagnosis of Barrett's mucosa and associated neoplasias. Results of a consensus conference of the Working Group for "Gastroenterological Pathology of the German Society for Pathology" on 22 September 2001].

There are a number of difficulties regarding the diagnosis of Barrett's mucosa and the varying grades of neoplasia that may be associated with it. It was therefore the aim of a consensus conference of the "Working Group for Gastroenterological Pathology within the German Society of Pathology" to achieve standardization regarding the following issues: definition and diagnostic criteria for Barrett's mucosa and its discrimination from intestinal metaplasia of the cardia, diagnostic criteria for intraepithelial neoplasia, number of biopsies necessary to establish the diagnosis, significance of additional immunohistochemical and/or molecular biological methods as well as importance of a second opinion in the diagnosis of intraepithelial neoplasia.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMed2005

Harmonization of immunotoxicity guidelines in the ICH process--pathology considerations from the guideline Committee of the European Society of Toxicological Pathology (ESTP) .

As part of the ICH process of harmonization of testing guidelines for immunotoxicity, the European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP) has contributed to the scientific discussion on methods and evaluation of immunotoxicity studies with technical and scientific recommendations on toxicologic pathology. The weighing and sampling of immune organs is discussed taking into consideration specifically the value of lymph node weighing and the selection of appropriate lymph nodes for the detection of local and systemic effects. The different techniques of bone marrow preparation are considered for routine and extended investigations. Criteria are given for the gross and histopathological detection of effects in Peyer's patches. For the histopathological evaluation it is strongly recommended that each compartment within the different lymphoid organs is investigated separately and semiquantitatively since this approach has shown to increase the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistopathology.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Self-instructional "virtual pathology" laboratories using web-based technology enhance medical school teaching of pathology.

Second-year medical students have traditionally been taught pulmonary pathophysiology at the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine using lectures, discussion groups, and laboratory sessions. Since 1998, the laboratory sessions have been replaced by 4 interactive, self-instructional sessions using web-based technology and case-based instruction. This article addresses nature of transformation that occurred from within the course in response to the infusion of new technologies. The vast majority of the course content has been digitized and incorporated into the website of the Pathophysiology of Disease course. The teaching histological slides have been photographed digitally and organized into "cases" with clinical information, digital images and text, and audio descriptions. The students study the materials from these cases at their own pace in 2 "virtual pathology" laboratory, with a few instructors supervising the on-site sessions. The students discuss additional cases available on the website in 2 other laboratory sessions supervised by a pulmonologist and a pathologist. Marked improvement in student participation and satisfaction was seen with the use of web-based instruction. Attendance at laboratory sessions, where the students had previously been required to bring their own microscopes to study histological slides at their own pace, increased from approximately 30% to 40% of the class in previous years to almost 100%. Satisfaction surveys showed progressive improvement over the past 4 years, as various suggestions were implemented. The value of web-based instruction of pathology at the UCLA School of Medicine is discussed.

California↗
PubMed2000

Impact of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Radiologic Pathology Course on radiology resident performance on the ACR In-Training and ABR written Examinations. American College of Radiology. American Board of Radiology.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess resident scores on the American College of Radiology (ACR) In-Training Examination and on the written American Board of Radiology (ABR) Examination relative to attendance at and timing of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Radiologic Pathology Course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of 200 radiology residency program directors requested the type of residency program, whether the program sent residents to the AFIP course, dates of AFIP attendance for individual residents, percentile scores of residents on the ACR examination from 1995 through 1998, and ABR examination scores for 1997. Scores were analyzed before and after AFIP attendance and also temporally for examinations during or after AFIP attendance. Improvement in percentile scores for residents undergoing the ACR examination while attending the AFIP were compared with scores of matched residents from their programs who had not attended. RESULTS: Thirty-six (18%) program directors responded, providing data on 619 residents who underwent the ACR examination, ABR examination, or both. No significant improvement was found between pre- and post-AFIP ACR Examination scores for residents at university or military programs. There were statistically significantly improved scores for residents at community programs (mean percentile improvement, 8.1 points; P = .0064). Residents who underwent the ACR examination during the AFIP course improved their scores by 10.7 percentile points compared with matched residents who had not attended the AFIP course (P = .041). CONCLUSION: Residents undergoing the ACR examination while attending the AFIP improve their percentile scores more than residents who have not attended the AFIP.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1982

A program of training in chemical pathology for residents in pathology.

We have developed a new program of instruction in chemical pathology for residents in pathology. The major features that differentiate this program from its predecessor are: first, an emphasis on principles rather than technical details of biochemical analysis; second, didactic instruction and practical experience in laboratory management and administration; and, third, instruction in interpretation and selection of laboratory tests. The organization, content, instructional approaches and learning objectives are described.

California↗
PubMed1987

Megatrends in pathology practice: implications for residency training. Ninth Conference for pathology residency program directors--a summary.

The participants at the Ninth Conference for Pathology Residency Program Directors clearly identified the important trends, the problems, and the opportunities now confronted by the specialty of pathology. Equally important, the speakers identified changes that should be incorporated into residency programs if we are to provide the training and education for practice in a changing medical environment. Evaluations of the program by the participants indicated it had been a valuable conference and it should be maintained as a part of each annual American Society of Clinical Pathologists/College of American Pathologists Fall Meeting.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2003

Endocrine surgical pathology: lesson from pituitary cases that are discordant between clinical and pathologic diagnoses.

There are a variety of clinicopathologic situations of pituitary lesions that could cause a discordance of diagnosis between clinicians and pathologists. This may be caused by confusion of terminology such as "nonfunctioning adenoma" and "null cell adenoma." "Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas" comprise several pathologically different types of tumors that belong to one of three major cell lineages of adenohypophysial cell types. "Null cell adenoma" was originally defined by ultrastructural features but recently refers to immunonegative adenomas. Unique and unusual types of adenomas such as adenomas with "honeycomb Golgi" appearance and silent subtype 3 adenomas may cause a discordance of diagnosis. Because of mild elevation of prolactin levels, these adenomas are sometimes erroneously diagnosed as prolactinoma. Careful pathologic study with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic examination, as well as communication between clinicians and pathologists, is vital. Confusion of terminology should be discussed. Awareness of rare disease entities is also required. Thorough analysis of individual cases with diagnostic inconsistency may provide a useful lesson for better understanding of endocrine diseases and for appropriate treatments.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[From Virchow's cellular pathology to modern molecular pathology].

Evolution of Virchow's cellular pathology into molecular biology and molecular pathology due to achievements of cytology, biochemistry (histochemistry), immunology (immunomorphology) and genetics as well as new opportunities opened by integration of these disciplines (electron histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunogenetics, etc.).

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1988

Teaching pathology in the 21st century. An experimental automated curriculum delivery system for basic pathology.

In late 1984, the "General Professional Education of the Physician" (GPEP) report recommended, among other things, that medical curricula be revised to rely less on lectures and more on independent study and problem solving. We seem to have anticipated, in 1980, the findings of the GPEP panel by formulating and starting to test the hypothesis that certain "core" information in medical curricula can be as effectively delivered by technology-based self-study means as by lecture or formal laboratory. We began, at that time, to prepare a series of self-study materials using, at first, videotape and then computer-controlled optical videodiscs. The content area selected for study was basic microscopic pathology. The series was planned to cover the following areas of study: cellular alterations and adaptations, cell injury, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation and wound healing, cellular accumulations, circulatory disturbances, necrosis, and neoplasia. All are intended to provide learning experiences in basic pathology. The first two programs were released for testing in 1983 as a two-sided videodisc accompanied by computer-driven pretests, study modules, and posttests that used Apple computers and Pioneer (DiscoVision) videodisc players. An MS DOS (eg, IBM) version of the computer programs was released in 1984. The first two programs are now used in 57 US, Canadian, European, and Philippine health professions schools, and over 1300 student and faculty evaluations have been received. Student and faculty evaluations of these first two programs were very positive, and, as a result, the others are in production and will be completed in 1988. Only when a critical mass of curriculum is available can we really test our stated hypothesis. In the meantime, it is worthwhile to report the evaluation of the first two programs.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1987

Statistical techniques reported in pathology journals during 1983-1985. Implications for pathology educators.

The increasingly scientific basis of medicine challenges pathology educators to incorporate quantitative skills into a very compressed curriculum. One strategy is to focus training on the statistical techniques pathologists will most commonly encounter in their literature. We identified the reporting of statistical techniques in nearly 5200 original articles published during 1983-1985 in 16 journals important to pathology. Our results suggest that a reader familiar with 12 fundamental statistical concepts can evaluate knowledgeably over 95% of the quantitative findings reported in these journals. With the exception of survival analysis and pharmacologic modeling, these techniques are typically encountered in many introductory statistical texts. In numerous articles, failure to identify the statistical methodology used made it impossible to identify the analytic procedures used and, hence, judge the scientific validity of results.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1979

Forensic pathology--the hidden specialty: A survey of forensic pathology training available to medical students and residents.

It is no wonder that some people refer to forensic pathology as the "hidden specialty." This paper shows evidence that the only exposure given to most medical students is a brief, all-too-explicit demonstration ("horror show") of interesting cases that can only attract the bizarre of mind into the field. It is further pointed out that even residents in pathology receive scanty, if any, formal training in most medical school residency programs, in spite of the fact that two thirds of the medical schools responding have one or more forensic pathologists on their faculty. The obvious answer is a change in the curriculum if this increasingly important subspecialty is to be saved.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1983

[Role of neuropathology in general pathology and special pathologic anatomy].

The development of neuropathology into a special working field began in the second half of the 19th century in accordance with the clinical requirements arising from an increasingly scientific approach to mental and nervous diseases. The progress made also in this discipline is based on improved methods and the nervous system can only be understood from its interactions with other organs and the environment. The subject of the study and special relations to clinical and theoretical branches as well as morphological working and thinking are the basis of a subspecialisation of Neuropathology with an integration into General Pathology and Special Pathological Anatomy, in order to avoid an isolation.

Europe↗