THE EFFECT OF SODIUM FLUORIDE ON THE ACTIONS OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE, PARATHION AND DEMETON IN RATS.
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The effects of minor variations in the malathion molecule upon the resistance of Culex tarsalis have been examined. By replacing the carboethoxy group by carbomethoxy, the 60-fold resistance to malathion is abolished. The results confirm the importance of carboxyesterase action in determining susceptibility to malathion.
Evidence is provided that organophosphate resistance in a strain of spider mites is due to decreased sensitivity of its cholinesterase to organophosphates. The cholinesterase activity of the susceptible strain in vitro was three times that of the resistant strain of mites.
Equations based on the assumption of a reversible first step in the reaction between organophosphate inhibitors and esterases are proposed for the bimolecular rate constant which now includes an affinity constant and a phosphorylation constant. The treatment applies when the inhibition reaction follows first-order kinetics.
Adult females of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), showed a daily rhythm of sensitivity to DDVP (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate). When the mites were maintained in alternating light-dark conditions, maximum susceptibility to the chemical occurred 2 hours after dawn and the mites were least sensitive 2 hours after nightfall.
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