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Results for “PLASMA CELLS”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

The mucosal mast cell and IgA plasma cell responses to primary Trichinelia spiralis infection in BALB/c mice treated with ketotifen.

The effect of ketotifen on inflammation in the intestine during T. spiralis infection in BALB/c mice was examined. The lack of enteropathy in treated mice was accompanied to affected the size of worms and the number of worms, but did not prevent the retardation of nematodes in the intestine. Fecundity of females in vitro and the number of muscle larvae were not statistically changed after treatment. Ketotifen reduced the number of mast cells and IgA plasma cells in the intestine. As inflammatory influx, epithelial damage and IgA response are related to the action of T cells, ketotifen affected T dependent reactions in the gut of T. spiralis infected mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Different susceptibility of protein synthesis to inhibitors of elongation in cell-free systems from plasma cell tumours and reticulocytes.

Plasma cells and reticulocytes are mammalian cell systems which have specialized in the synthesis of a single protein during their differentiation from one common stem cell. To study whether there is a difference in cell susceptibility at the level of elongation, dose vs. inhibition curves of sparsomycin, cycloheximide and emetine in cell-free systems with S-30 fractions from plasma cell tumours (MOPC 63, MOPC 41, RPC 20, MOPC 104 E), reticulocytes and liver were compared. The experiments revealed: (1) all the selected systems are equally sensitive to sparsomycin; (2) the susceptibility of the reticulocyte systems to cycloheximide and emetine is higher than that of the plasma cell tumours. In the dose range of 1 - 10(-7) --5 - 10(-5) M cycloheximide and 1 - 10(-6)--1 - 10(-4) M emetine the reticulocyte system is preferentially inhibited; (3) the sensitivities of all plasma cell tumours are equal; (4) the liver system is more sensitive to emetine than to cycloheximide; (5) the site of the different susceptibility to these antibiotics could be located on the ribosomes; (6) however, when the extracts of the plasma cell tumours were prepared in the presence of hemin, their susceptibility rises and is like that of reticulocytes. These results show that hemin promotes in a cell-specific manner the sensitivity to some inhibitors of protein synthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Ultrastructural characteristics of the plasma cells of a patient with nonsecretory myeloma and plasma cell leukemia.

The clinical features and the ultrastructural findings of the bone marrow and peripheral blood plasma cells of a patient with nonsecretory myeloma and acute plasma cell leukemia are described. The internal ultrastructure of the cells was characterized by invaginated nuclei, cytoplasmic filaments and scanty endoplasmic reticulum. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed the presence of numerous membranal buddings giving the cells a grape-like appearance. The relationship of the morphological findings to the function of the plasma cells is discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Delineation of a novel pre-B cell component in plasma cell myeloma: immunochemical, immunophenotypic, genotypic, cytologic, cell culture, and kinetic features.

A novel pre-B cell component in direct and cultured myeloma bone marrow material has been delineated by using immunochemistry and flow cytometry techniques. Our phenotypic studies suggest a novel hybrid expression of pre-B and plasma cell antigens with coexpression of cytoplasmic mu, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and plasma cell antigens (PCA-1 and PC-1). This suggests that myeloma pre-B-like cells are aberrant malignant cells and not normal pre-B lymphocytic counterparts. With the advantage of a pure and stable source of these cells from M3 culture to allow molecular characterization, we performed one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. We found that the cytoplasmic mu in myeloma pre-B-like cells has a molecular weight of 74,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 6.3 and that it is strikingly homogeneous and discrete in size and charge compared with standard secretory mu, which suggests an aberrant, mutant, or monoclonal form of mu. Monoclonality was further evidenced by heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangements demonstrated with JH and C kappa probes. We also established that this novel myeloma pre-B component is a major proliferative element as determined by double-labeling experiments with phenotype coupled to labeling/proliferative indexes. Our stimulatory studies indicate some capacity of these cells to mature on exposure to phorbol esters. These myeloma pre-B cells may represent the stem cell or self-renewal component in myeloma. Our establishment of these cells in long-term culture offers a considerable asset in studying the immature cells, which may be critical to the immortalization of myeloma.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1995

Expression of Fas/Apo-1 (CD95) and apoptosis in tumor cells from patients with plasma cell disorders.

Fas/Apo-1 antigen (CD95) is a cell surface molecule that directly mediates apoptosis. Fas expression was studied in five plasma cell lines, 11 multiple myeloma cases, and three plasma cell leukemia (PCL) cases. Induction of apoptosis by anti-Fas antibody was studied in five plasma cell lines and fresh plasma cells from eight patients. Apoptosis was confirmed by morphologic analysis alone or in combination with DNA electrophoresis analysis. Four of the five cell lines showed Fas expression, three of which showed induction of apoptosis by anti-Fas antibody. One cell line, RPMI 8226, showed the highest sensitivity for Fas-mediated apoptosis. High bcl-2 expression was found in KMS12PE, which showed resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis despite its Fas expression. Plasma cells from seven fresh cases, including all five cases with high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), showed expression of Fas antigen. Fas-induced apoptosis was found in five cases at various levels, although significant induction of apoptosis was found in only one case. Interestingly, Fas-independent apoptosis was induced during culture without anti-Fas antibody in cases with high serum LDH. These results indicate that plasma cells from aggressive myeloma with high LDH express Fas antigen and undergo apoptosis through either Fas-mediated or Fas-independent pathways. An understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis in malignant plasma cells should contribute to investigations of the pathophysiology of and therapy for myeloma/PCL.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Immunoglobulin heavy chain toxicity in plasma cells is neutralized by fusion to pre-B cells.

A plasma cell hybridoma frequently loses its immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain spontaneously but rarely is production of its light (L) chain lost. Upon fusion to a pre-B-cell hybridoma that produces no Ig chain, the L chain is frequently lost. In cells without the L chain the H chain, which is derived from the plasma cell, is not chemically modified. Our results indicate that, in pre-B cells, but not in plasma cells, there must be a mechanism that neutralizes the toxic effect of free H chain.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Complexity within the plasma cell compartment of mice deficient in both E- and P-selectin: implications for plasma cell differentiation.

Antibody-secreting plasma cells represent the critical end-stage effector cells of the humoral immune response. Here, we show that several distinct plasma cell subsets are concurrently present in the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow of mice deficient in both E- and P-selectin. One of these subsets was a B220-negative immunoglobulin g (IgG) plasma cell population expressing low to negative surface levels of syndecan-1. Examination of the chemotactic responsiveness of IgG plasma cell subsets revealed that migration toward stromal cell-derived factor 1/CXC ligand 12 (SDF-1/CXCL12) was primarily limited to the B220-lo subset regardless of tissue source. Although B220-negative plasma cells did not migrate efficiently in response to CXCL12 or to other chemokines for which receptor mRNA was expressed, these cells expressed substantial surface CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4), and CXCL12 stimulation rapidly induced extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/ERK2 phosphorylation, demonstrating that CXCR4 retained signaling capacity. Therefore, B220-negative plasma cells exhibit a selective uncoupling of chemokine receptor expression and signaling from migration. Taken together, our findings document the presence of significant heterogeneity within the plasma cell compartment, which suggests a complex step-wise scheme of plasma cell differentiation in which the degree of differentiation and tissue location can influence the chemotactic responsiveness of IgG plasma cells.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6.

IL-21 is a type I cytokine whose receptor is expressed on T, B, and NK cells. Within the B cell lineage, IL-21 regulates IgG1 production and cooperates with IL-4 for the production of multiple Ab classes in vivo. Using IL-21-transgenic mice and hydrodynamics-based gene delivery of IL-21 plasmid DNA into wild-type mice as well as in vitro studies, we demonstrate that although IL-21 induces death of resting B cells, it promotes differentiation of B cells into postswitch and plasma cells. Thus, IL-21 differentially influences B cell fate depending on the signaling context, explaining how IL-21 can be proapoptotic for B cells in vitro yet critical for Ag-specific Ig production in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that IL-21 unexpectedly induces expression of both Blimp-1 and Bcl-6, indicating mechanisms as to how IL-21 can serve as a complex regulator of B cell maturation and terminal differentiation. Finally, BXSB-Yaa mice, which develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease, have greatly elevated IL-21, suggesting a role for IL-21 in the development of autoimmune disease.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Mantle cell lymphoma with plasma cell differentiation.

The differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells (PCs) is an antigen-mediated process that largely depends on the interaction between B cells and regulatory factors in their microenvironment. Long-lived PCs are derived from activated B cells in the germinal center (GC), whereas PC differentiation from naive B cells occurs in the extrafollicular areas and the PCs are short-lived. Consequently, lymphomas arising from post-GC B cells often exhibit plasmacytic differentiation, whereas lymphomas arising from naive B cells less commonly show plasmacytic differentiation. Herein, we report 2 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) with clonal PC differentiation. Both cases presented with the typical cytologic features of MCL and were characterized by a nodular and mantle-zone growth pattern. Clusters of clonal PCs with monotypic kappa light chain expression were identified in the centers of the tumor nodules and within reactive GCs. FICTION (Fluorescence immunophenotyping and Interphase Cytogenetics as a Tool for the Investigation Of Neoplasms) analysis demonstrated the characteristic t(11;14)(q13;q32) in both the MCL cells and clonal PCs, indicating that both cell types were derived from the same B-cell clone. These findings indicate that the clonal PC differentiation may occur within GCs in some cases of MCL.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2003

Blimp-1 is required for the formation of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells and pre-plasma memory B cells.

Blimp-1 is a transcriptional repressor able to drive the terminal differentiation of B cells into Ig-secreting plasma cells. We have created mice with a B cell-specific deletion of prdm1, the gene encoding Blimp-1. B cell development and the number of B cells responding to antigen appear to be normal in these mice. However, in response to either TD or TI antigen, serum Ig, short-lived plasma cells, post-GC plasma cells, and plasma cells in a memory response are virtually absent, demonstrating that Blimp-1 is required for plasmacytic differentiation and Ig secretion. In the absence of Blimp-1, CD79b(+)B220(-) pre-plasma memory B cell development is also defective, providing evidence that this subset is an intermediate in plasma cell development. B cells lacking Blimp-1 cannot secrete Ig or induce muS mRNA when stimulated ex vivo. Furthermore, although prdm1-/- B cells fail to induce XBP-1, XBP-1 cannot rescue plasmacytic differentiation without Blimp-1.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Plasma cell cheilitis.

Plasma cell cheilitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the lip with a characteristic band-like infiltrate of plasma cells in the upper dermis. Differential diagnosis should consider allergic/irritant contact cheilitis, candidiasis, syphilis, Queyrat's erythroplasia, granulomatous cheilitis, plasmoacanthoma, plasmacytoma, squamous cell carcinoma and exfoliative or factitious cheilitis. We observed plasma cell cheilitis in a 60-year-old Caucasian female who had a partial response to topical steroids and oral griseofulvin.

Antifungal Agents↗

PubMed2004

Hepatitis C-related posttransplant plasma cell proliferative disorder with hepatitis C virus in neoplastic plasma cells: a new posttransplant disease entity?

Plasma cell proliferative disorder (PCPD) developed in two patients with actively replicating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in neoplastic plasma cells after orthotopic liver transplantation for HCV-related end-stage liver disease. PCPD was confined to the transplanted liver and was associated with monoclonal proteins in blood. Bone marrow biopsy did not show any evidence of PCPD. Epstein-Barr virus was not detected by in situ hybridization in either case. In situ hybridization for HCV RNA with sense and antisense probes in liver biopsy specimens showed signals in neoplastic plasma cells as well as in hepatocytes. We suggest that our patients had posttransplant PCPD resulting from HCV. It may represent a new posttransplant disease entity different from previously described posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The findings raise intriguing questions about the role of HCV in PCPDs in patients with chronic HCV infection.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed2000

Immunophenotypic aberrations, DNA content, and cell cycle analysis of plasma cells in patients with myeloma and monoclonal gammopathies.

We describe the immunophenotypic and gross DNA defects in 55 patients with myeloma and 50 patients with monoclonal gammopathy and review the literature on this subject (MedLine, 1994-2000). Our data confirmed previous reports indicating that in myeloma nearly all marrow plasma cells are abnormal (98.7 +/- 8.1%). In monoclonal gammopathy the fraction of abnormal plasma cells was 35.0 +/- 32.8%. In both myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy, the most frequent aberrant phenotypic features consisted of absence of expression of CD19, strong expression of CD56, and decreased intensity of expression of CD38; aberrant expression of CD10, CD20, CD22, or CD28 was observed in less than one-third of myeloma cases. The vast majority of cases had two or more phenotypic aberrations. In the DNA studies, 7% of myeloma cases were biclonal and 93% of cases were monoclonal. In those studies with only one plasma cell mitotic cycle, 37% had normal DNA content and 63% were aneuploid (hyperploid, 61%; hypoploid, 2%). The mean percentages of plasma cells in S- and G2M phases were 4.9 +/- 8.5 and 4.4 +/- 6.9%, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of cases had more than 3% of plasma cells in S phase. In monoclonal gammopathy, the DNA index of abnormal plasma cells ranged from 0.89 to 1.30 and the percentage of diploid (31%) and aneuploid (69%) cases was not different from the results found in myeloma. The differences in percentage of abnormal plasma cells in S- (7.4 +/- 8.6%) and G2M-phases (2.4 +/- 1.7%) in patients with monoclonal gammopathy were not statistically significant.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Spirochaetosis of the human rectum associated with an intraepithelial mast cell and IgE plasma cell response.

In two patients presenting with mild intestinal symptoms, rectal spirochaetosis was the only morphological abnormality diagnosed by light microscopy. A re-evaluation of the morphological changes using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry showed certain unusual features: the microorganisms were observed within epithelial cells and in subepithelial macrophages; there were numerous partially degranulated intraepithelial mast cells; and there was a marked increase in the proportion of IgE plasma cells within the lamina propria. Mucosal penetration by the organisms may be responsible for the unusual immune response. In one patient, treatment with antibiotics eliminated the spirochaetes and resulted in a clinical improvement. Spirochaetes should not always be considered as harmless commensals in the colon.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Unusual biclonal plasma cell dyscrasia with crystallike inclusions producing colonic tumors (plasma cell polyposis) and terminating in T-cell lymphoma.

A 62-year-old man underwent a partial colectomy for persistent rectal bleeding. Multiple submucosal lesions up to 7 cm in diameter were identified and were composed of plasmacytoid and histiocytoid cells with crystallike inclusions. Ultrastructurally, inclusions were bounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a monoclonal population of IgA kappa-positive plasma cells. Immunofixation using a saline extract of the tumor revealed two distinct bands: one for IgG kappa and another for IgA kappa. Southern blotting revealed a germline configuration for the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene and the T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain gene. A bone marrow aspirate contained 12% plasma cells, some of which had cytoplasmic inclusions. Eight months after surgery, the patient developed a large mediastinal mass. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies indicated that this mass was an undifferentiated neoplasm. However, gene rearrangement studies indicated a T-cell lymphoma. This patient illustrates a rare association between a plasma cell neoplasm and a T-cell lymphoma.

Blotting, Southern↗

PubMed1998

B-lymphocyte suppression in multiple myeloma is a reversible phenomenon specific to normal B-cell progenitors and plasma cell precursors.

The reduced levels of normal immunoglobulin in patients with myeloma may be due to suppression of normal B-cell differentiation. However, reports on the numbers of B cells vary, with some finding decreases consistent with immunoparesis, and others reporting expansions of phenotypically aberrant cells. We have therefore assessed the phenotype and levels of B lymphocytes in patients at presentation (n = 23), in plateau or complete remission (PB n = 42, BM n = 18), and in relapse (PB n = 17, BM n = 14), in comparison to normal individuals (n = 10). Phenotypic analysis was performed using five-parameter flow cytometry, with CD14 used to exclude monocytes where necessary. We found no evidence of a phenotypically distinctive blood or marrow B-cell population in patients with myeloma, nor of an increase in the levels of any B-cell subset. Numbers of blood CD19+ 38+ normal plasma cell precursors were significantly reduced in presentation/relapse patients, but not in patients in plateau/remission. Total CD19+ cells were significantly reduced only in patients with circulating myeloma cells, detected by IgH-PCR. In the marrow, CD19+ B cells expressing CD5, CD10, CD34, CD38, CD45(low) and Syndecan-1 were significantly decreased at presentation/relapse, but not in patients in plateau/remission. The majority of these antigens are expressed by normal B-cell progenitors, indicating that myeloma also affects the early stages of B-cell development. The suppression of progenitor cells was not restricted to B-lymphoid differentiation, as total CD34+ cells were also significantly reduced in the marrow of myeloma patients at presentation. These results indicate that, if neoplastic B cells are present in myeloma, they are low in number and have a phenotype similar to their normal counterparts. Furthermore, there is a reversible suppression of CD19+ B lymphocytes that correlates inversely with disease stage, and specifically affects the early and late stages of normal B-cell differentiation.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Regulation of B-cell commitment to plasma cells or to memory B cells.

During humoral immune responses, B-lymphocyte activation is followed by differentiation along either the plasma cell pathway or the memory B-cell pathway. Recent studies suggest that CD40-CD40 ligand, OX-OX40 ligand, a group of cytokines and intracellular transcriptional factors may all contribute to B-lymphocyte differentiation control.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

A hard thyroid mass due to plasma cell granuloma.

Plasma cell granuloma involving the thyroid is very rare. A 29-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus presented with a one-week history of fever, sore throat, neck tenderness and dysphagia. Antibiotics were given but over the next two weeks a hard 8 cm mass in the left lobe of the thyroid developed. Fine needle aspiration was not diagnostic and surgical exploration revealed an inflammatory process arising from the left lobe of the thyroid involving the left sternothyroid muscle and parapharyngeal spaces. Histology of multiple biopsies showed plasma cell granuloma. Immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated the presence of IgG, IgM and IgA with predominance of IgG. The residual mass resolved and was impalpable after four weeks. Plasma cell granuloma should be suspected when there is a rapidly developing hard thyroid mass. Open biopsy/removal and histological confirmation are mandatory and residual disease may resolve within weeks.

Adult↗