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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Accumulation of chloroplast-targeted lipoxygenase in passion fruit leaves in response to methyl jasmonate.

Wounding caused local and systemic induction of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) leaves, while exposing intact plants to methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapor provoked a much stronger response. Western blot analysis of these leaf protein extracts using polyclonal antibodies against cucumber LOX, revealed an accumulation of a 90 kDa protein, consistent with LOX enzymatic assays. The inducible LOX was purified to apparent homogeneity, and in vitro analysis of LOXactivity using linoleic acid as substrate showed that it possesses C-13 specificity. Immunocytochemical localization studies using leaf tissue from MJ-treated plants demonstrated that the inducible LOX was compartmented in large quantities in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, associated with the stroma. The results suggest that the wound response in passion fruit plants may be mediated by a chloroplast 13-LOX, a key enzyme of the octadecanoid defense-signaling pathway.

Acetates↗

PubMed2000

Behavioral characterisation of the flavonoids apigenin and chrysin.

The behavioral effects of acute administration of two flavonoids, apigenin and chrysin, contained in Matricaria chamomilla and in Passiflora incarnata, respectively, were studied in rats. The data demonstrate that in our experimental conditions, the two flavonoids were equally able to reduce locomotor activity when injected in rats at a minimal effective dose of 25 mg/kg. However, while chrysin exhibited a clear anxiolytic effect when injected at the dose of 1 mg/kg, apigenin failed to exert this activity. The sedative effect of these flavonoids cannot be ascribed to an interaction with GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, since it was not counteracted by the benzodiazepine antagonist Flumazenil. To the contrary, the anxiolytic effect of chrysin, which was blocked by the injection of Flumazenil, could be linked to an activation of the GABA(A) receptor unit.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Yellow passion fruit rind--a potential source of low-methoxyl pectin.

Yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) rind pectic substances were fractionated with water, ammonium oxalate, and dilute acid solutions. The extracted pectins were rich in anhydrogalacturonic acid and had a low degree of methyl esterification. Moreover, their acetyl groups and neutral sugar contents were relatively low. Furthermore, a low amount of proteinaceous material was also found within them. Their gelling ability and viscoelastic properties as evaluated by the SAG and small amplitude oscillatory shear tests, respectively, were comparable to those of a commercial citrus low-methoxyl pectin. Hence, yellow passion fruit rind occurs as a potentially good source of naturally low-methoxyl pectin.

Calcium↗

PubMed2003

Passion fruit green spot virus vectored by Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on passion fruit in Brazil.

Passion fruit green spot disease was first identified in 1997 after a severe outbreak at Vera Cruz County, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Mature yellow fruits of Passiflora edulis Simms f. flavicarpa Degener showed characteristic green spots, 2-5 mm in diameter and patches of green tissues were present on senescent leaves. The devastating effect to passion flower is caused by necrotic lesions that encircle the stems and kill the plant. In severe cases, entire orchards of a few hectares in size have been completely destroyed. The disease was always preceded by heavy infestations of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Transmission electron microscopy of affected tissues (fruits, leaves, and stems) consistently revealed the presence of short, bacilliform particles (50-70 nm x 100-120 nm) in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as the presence of a dense viroplasm in the cytoplasm. This cytopathic effect has been found in several other Brevipalpus-transmitted or associated viruses and is classified as a cytoplasmic type of disease. Experimental reproduction of the leaf and stem symptoms was achieved by transferring B. phoenicis collected from affected field passion flower plants onto healthy plants. The evidence supports a viral etiology for the disease and the agent was named passion fruit green spot virus. Its relationship with other B. phoenicis related viruses continues to be studied. The disease was also found in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Sergipe, Rondonia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and in the Federal District. Use of one or more of the following acaricides (hexythiazox, fenbutatin-oxide, propargite, quinomethionate, or dicofol) has significantly reduced the incidence of the disease.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Effect of supplemental tryptophan, vitamin E, and a herbal product on responses by pigs to vibration.

Economic losses related to increased stress during the transport of pigs are well documented. The effects of supplementing of tryptophan (Trp), vitamin E, or a herbal product via feed or drinking water were investigated in terms of effects on stress response in pigs during transport simulation. The study consisted of three analogous experiments. For the testing in each experiment, the pigs (23.5+/-3.2 kg) were allocated to one of two treatments, with and without supplementation of a product. The applied doses were Trp (5 g/L drinking water for 3 d), vitamin E (additional amount of 300 mg/kg feed for 21 d, as-fed basis), and Sedafit (2.5 g/L drinking water for 2 d). Sedafit is a commercial herbal product containing Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. as active components. In each experiment of the study, at least 47 pigs were involved, which were treated in groups of 3. The day before transport simulation, a Holter device was attached to the pigs to produce an electrocardiogram during the night (rest values), as well as during vibration in the transport simulator (1.2 Hz, 1 m/s2), where the behavior of the pigs (standing-sitting-lying) was also observed. Samples of saliva (taken before, during, and after [3x] vibration) and blood (taken before and after vibration) were analyzed for cortisol and intermediate metabolites (glucose, lactate, creatine kinase, and nonesterified fatty acids), respectively. Pigs supplemented with Trp tended to spend more time lying down during the second hour of vibration (P < 0.05). Vitamin E decreased the peak heart rate (P < 0.05), ventricular ectopic beats (P < 0.01), and ST elevation (P < 0.10). The supplementation of Sedafit resulted in smaller increases of the investigated heart variables (minimum heart rate, P < 0.05; ventricular ectopic beats, P < 0.05; ST elevation, P < 0.01) during and after stress evocation compared with the control group. None of the tested products influenced the intermediate metabolites; one possible explanation for this finding may be that peak values were reached before the time of bleeding. In conclusion, Trp had a positive behavioral effect in this experiment, and vitamin E and Sedafit mediated an increase in some heart variables, suggesting sedative and antianxiety effects.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Fatal fulminant hepatic failure induced by a natural therapy containing kava.

We describe a case of acute liver failure and death associated with the use of a preparation containing the "natural" anxiolytic kava (Piper methysticum) and passionflower (Passiflora incarnata). The patient died after a report by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) warning of the potential for hepatotoxicity associated with the use of kava-containing products. The general public and alternative medicine practitioners need to be aware of the potential for non-prescription drugs to cause serious hepatic reactions.

Complementary Therapies↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of the dissolution behaviour of some commercial herbal drugs and their preparations.

Dissolution rates are routinely performed with synthetic drugs, however, in the field of herbal drugs (HD), their preparations (HDP) and herbal medicinal products (HMP) this crucial property is generally not investigated. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, we have evaluated the dissolution behaviour of capsules containing various herbal drugs (Passira, Senna, Ginkgo) and some of their commercial dried extracts, manufactured with different methods, by analysis of their active components or marker constituents. Adequate dissolution behaviours of the flavonoids of Ginkgo were obtained for all preparations, while for both Passiflora and Senna only the extracts showed complete dissolution of the marker flavones and sennosides, respectively, in the investigated media.

Biological Availability↗

PubMed2005

Management of insomnia: a place for traditional herbal remedies.

(1) Insomnia should be treated first with non drug measures; this has traditionally involved the use of herbal remedies. (2) About 20 plants are approved in France in the production of medications 'traditionally used' for minor sleep disturbances. Virtually nothing is known of their efficacy or potential dangers. (3) Most of these plants are suspected of toxicity and should therefore be avoided, especially in view of their unproven efficacy. (4) Littleleaf linden, vervain, melissa and orange flower have no demonstrated efficacy but are safe and can therefore be used. Similarly, there are no scientific grounds for rejecting preparations based on hawthorn or passiflora. (5) Available data suggest that valerian extracts have a modest impact on subjective sleep quality; they are nevertheless more effective than a placebo. Valerian products that do not contain valepotriates have no apparent adverse effects. It is best to avoid high-titre alcoholic extracts and powdered valerian root, and to select aqueous extracts and low-titre hydro-alcoholic preparations.

Anemone↗

PubMed2005

In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori (HP), identified in 1982, is now recognized as the primary etiological factor associated with the development of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. In addition, HP infections are also associated with chronic gastritis, gastric carcinoma and primary gastric B-cell lymphoma. For centuries, herbals have been used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments, including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as dyspepsia, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). However, the mechanism of action by which these botanicals exert their therapeutic effects has not been completely elucidated. As part of an ongoing screening program, the study assessed the in vitro susceptibility of 15 HP strains to botanical extracts, which have a history of traditional use in the treatment of GI disorders. Methanol extracts of Myristica fragrans (seed) had a MIC of 12.5 microg/mL; Zingiber officinale (ginger rhizome/root) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary leaf) had an MIC of 25 microg/mL. Methanol extracts of botanicals with a MIC of 50 microg/mL included Achillea millefolium, Foeniculum vulgare (seed), Passiflora incarnata (herb), Origanum majorana (herb) and a (1:1) combination of Curcuma longa (root) and ginger rhizome. Botanical extracts with a MIC of 100 microg/mL included Carum carvi (seed), Elettaria cardamomum (seed), Gentiana lutea (roots), Juniper communis (berry), Lavandula angustifolia (flowers), Melissa officinalis (leaves), Mentha piperita (leaves) and Pimpinella anisum (seed). Methanol extracts of Matricaria recutita (flowers) and Ginkgo biloba (leaves) had a MIC > 100 microg/mL.

Curcuma↗

PubMed1996

Sequence of the 3'-terminal region of a Zimbabwe isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV).

The 3'-terminal 1221 nucleotides of a Zimbabwe isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV) genome have been sequenced. The sequence comprises an open reading frame (ORF) of 990 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding-region of 231 nucleotides followed by a poly-A. The ORF has high similarity to NIb and coat proteins (CP) of potyviruses. A potential CP Q/S cleavage site was identified, yielding a CP of 30.5 kDa containing 275 amino acids. The CABMV sequence is closely related to that of South African passiflora virus (SAPV) which should therefore be regarded as a strain of CABMV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1996

Improved diagnosis of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in Africa: significance for cowpea seed-indexing, breeding programs and potyvirus taxonomy.

Large-scale surveys in Africa for blackeye cowpea mosaic (B1CMV) and cowpea aphid-borne mosaic (CABMV) showed that several CABMV isolates from Southern Africa were either not or poorly recognized by monoclonal antibodies prepared to isolates collected in West Africa. Selection of three new monoclonal antibodies prepared against the Maputo (Mozambique) isolate of CABMV, and their incorporation into a revised panel of monoclonal antibodies, resulted in the assignment of four of these new CABMV isolates to existing serotypes (II, IV, and V) and three others to a new serotype (VI). The South African isolate of passiflora mosaic virus was shown to be related to CABMV isolates in serotype IV. It is proposed that CABMV isolates be assembled into a distinct species in the legume-infecting, aphid-transmissible potyviruses.

Africa↗

PubMed1997

Molecular characterization and interviral homologies of a potyvirus infecting sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Georgia.

Phylogenetic analyses of the 3' terminal region of a potyvirus naturally infecting sesame (Sesamum indicum) in Georgia indicated that the virus belongs to the passionfruit woodiness potyvirus subgroup, and is most closely related to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV) and South African passiflora potyvirus. Based on the sequence identity, this virus is a strain of CABMV. Use of degenerate primers, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequence analysis allowed us to rapidly determine the taxonomic status of this potyvirus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2004

Purification and characterization of a lectin from Crotalaria paulina seeds.

A lectin was purified from Crotalaria paulina seeds by ion-exchange and FPLC molecular exclusion chromatography. CrpL had an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions. CrpL effectively agglutinated human and cow erythrocytes, and this activity was not affected by 20 mM EDTA, showing no dependence of divalent cations. Hemagglutination was inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-galactose and was also inhibited by glycoproteins, fetuin and asialofetuin. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of CrpL was identical to those of other lectins from the genus Crotalaria, and amino acid composition showed high amounts of Asx and Glx, and was rich in Gly, Ala and Ser, as also reported for lectins from other Crotalaria species. CrpL inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, suggesting a role of this lectin in the defense of seeds against bacterial infections.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

Chrysin (5,7-di-OH-flavone), a naturally-occurring ligand for benzodiazepine receptors, with anticonvulsant properties.

Chrysin (5,7-di-OH-flavone) was identified in Passiflora coerulea L., a plant used as a sedative in folkloric medicine. Chrysin was found to be a ligand for the benzodiazepine receptors, both central (Ki = 3 microM, competitive mechanism) and peripheral (Ki = 13 microM, mixed-type mechanism). Administered to mice by the intracerebroventricular route, chrysin was able to prevent the expression of tonic-clonic seizures induced by pentylenetertrazol. Ro 15-1788, a central benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, abolished this effect. In addition, all of the treated mice lose the normal righting reflex which suggests a myorelaxant action of the flavonoid. The presence in P. coerulea of benzodiazepine-like compounds was also confirmed.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

6-O-alpha-L-Arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides as aroma precursors from passion fruit.

The 6-O-alpha-L-Arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides of linalool, benzyl alcohol and 3-methyl-but-2-en-1-ol were isolated from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) by adsorption chromatography on XAD-2 resin, then further extracted on the same resin after partial enzymic hydrolysis and semi-preparative chromatography on RP-18 phase by HPLC. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectral analysis and by methylation analysis of the carbohydrate moieties.

Acyclic Monoterpenes↗

PubMed1996

Screening of medicinal plants for induction of somatic segregation activity in Aspergillus nidulans.

Knowledge about mutagenic properties of plants commonly used in traditional medicine is limited. A screening for genotoxic activity was carried out in aqueous or alcoholic extracts prepared from 13 medicinal plants widely used as folk medicine in Cuba: Lepidium virginicum L. (Brassicaceae): Plantago major L. and Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae); Ortosiphon aristatus Blume, Mentha x piperita L., Melissa officinalis L. and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (Lamiaceae); Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae); Passiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae); Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); Piper auritum HBK. (Piperaceae); Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardeaceae) and Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). A plate incorporation assay with Aspergillus nidulans was employed, allowing detection of somatic segregation as a result of mitotic crossing-over, chromosome malsegregation or clastogenic effects. Aspergillus nidulans D-30, a well-marked strain carrying four recessive mutations for conidial color in heterozygosity, which permitted the direct visual detection of segregants, was used throughout this study. As a result, only in the aqueous extract of one of the plants screened (Momordica charantia) a statistical significant increase in the frequency of segregant sectors per colony was observed, and consequently, a genotoxic effect is postulated.

Aspergillus nidulans↗

PubMed2006

Contribution to the knowledge of the folk plant medicine in Calabria region (Southern Italy).

A series of research on plants used in Calabria (Southern Italy) in the folk plant medicine was carried out in the last twenty years. The use of 104 taxa distributed into 42 families are described. Among the major findings: Ceterach officinarum as hypotensive; Heliotropium europaeum in the case of urinary inflammations; Silybum marianum for haemorrhoids; Arundo donax for pertussis and cystitis; Allium cepa for sties and flu; Laurus nobilis as galactagogue; Passiflora incarnata for burns, haemorrhoids and skin inflammations; Scrophularia canina for rhagas and wounds; Urtica membranacea for tussis and tonsillitis.

Ethnobotany↗

PubMed2005

Screening of plants acting against Heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom activity on fibroblast cell lysis.

The aqueous extracts of 64 plant species, listed as animal- or insect-bite antidotes in old Thai drug recipes were screened for their activity against fibroblast cell lysis after Heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom treatment. The venom was preincubated with plant extract for 30 min and furthered treated to confluent fibroblast cells for 30 min. More than 40% efficiency (test/control) was obtained from cell treatment with venom preincubated with extracts of Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae), Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. (Lecythidaceae), Calamus sp. (Palmae), Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (Acanthaceae), Euphorbia neriifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), Ipomoea aquatica Forssk (Convolvulaceae), Mesua ferrea L. (Guttiferae), Passiflora laurifolia L. (Passifloraceae), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (Labiatae), Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae) and Sapindus rarak DC. (Sapindaceae), indicating that they had a tendency to be scorpion venom antidotes. However, only Andrographis paniculata and Barringtonia acutangula extracts provided around 50% viable cells from extract treatments without venom preincubation. These two plant extracts are expected to be scorpion venom antidotes with low cytotoxicity.

Animals↗