PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pediculus”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Malathion for treatment of Pediculus humanus var capitis infestation.

One hundred fifteen subjects took part in a double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of 0.5% malathion lotion (Prioderm lotion) and the alcoholic vehicle of the lotion as pediculicides in the treatment of head lice. The subjects, with a mean age of 9 years, had long-standing lice infestations and at least 20 viable ova. The subjects were treated with the test preparation, which was allowed to remain on the hair for 12 hours. Ovicidal and pediculicidal efficacy for the malathion lotion was significant; overall clinical evaluation by the investigators showed a significant number of moderate to marked therapeutic responses to malathion lotion. Only one adverse reaction (in the malathion lotion group) was reported, the stinging of pyodermal lesions in reaction to the alcoholic vehicle. Other concomitant scalp diseases were unchanged or improved at the end of the study.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

[Head lice problems. I. Taxonomic position of Pediculus capitis].

The recognition of the head louse and the body louse being two different species is not quite new. This view is also supported by the author as can be seen in several publications. It is based on the biological species concept of the so-called new systematics. But even quite a few contributors doing research in the field of lice still ignore this concept. Therefore, the author emphasizes all "biological" species criteria referring to modern epidemiological research done in the last decades. Considering all these facts and contemporary evolutionary theory the author concludes that the two forms should be recognized as good species. The different subspecies of the head louse described as such are listed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Adaptive sex-ratio manipulation in Pediculus humanus capitis: possible interpretations of Buxton's data.

The sex-ratio pattern of an exceptional population of human head lice (collected in the Colombo Prison, Ceylon, in 1934 to 1936) was found to be consistent with a current hypothesis on adaptive sex-ratio manipulation. Data suggest that the louse burdens were isolated and, therefore, small burdens were inbred. Thus, local mate competition favored females that produced offspring with a female bias. This is the first report to suggest that anopluran lice are capable of adaptive sex-ratio manipulation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

The incidence of the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) among pupils of two schools in Accra.

Of 319 pupils examined by visual inspection for head lice in two large schools of contrasting socioeconomic environments in Accra, Ghana, 158 were found to be infected, with infection rates being higher in the school of lower socio-economic status. Younger pupils (7 years) had significantly lower infection rates than older one (11 years). Hair plaiting, communal use of toilet facilities and crowding have been found to be involved in the epidemiology of the head louse. A curious discrepancy was found between the number of pupils who admitted they had lice and those who actually had them. Relative intensities of infestation remain very low in 75% of the cases examined. Mothers have been found to exhibit a high sense of responsibility in treating their children. A call has been extended to the Health Authorities to initiate a national delousing programme for the control of this ectoparasite.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of efficacy of four pediculicides against head louse (Pediculus capitis) infestation.

To evaluate the efficacy and to determine the minimum effective dosage of four pediculicides against head louse infestation, as well as to select a safe, effective, practical, and cheap agent, 1,657 infested school children in 25 primary schools in Szu-Hu, Kou-Hu, and Ku-Keng Districts of Yunlin County were treated and 1,611 of them were examined. The overall cure rate was 73% and the rate for boys (84%) was higher than that for girls (71%). The cure rate of Nix (permethrin 1%) cream rinse was 81%. The cure rate for single dosages of 1, 2, 3 and 4 cases/tube (56 gm/tube) was 87%, 83%, 81% and 71%, respectively. The cure rate of Para aerosol (bioallethrine 0.66%) was 78%. The cure rate for single dosages of 30 and 40 cases/tube (90 gm/tube) was 87% and 70%, respectively. The cure rate of Prioderm (malathion 1%) cream shampoo was 64%. The cure rate for single dosages of 10, 15 and 20 cases/tube (40 gm/tube) was 74%, 71% and 52%, respectively. The cure rate of Delice (1% gamma benzene hexachloride) was 71%. The cure rate for single dosages of 5 and 10 ml/case was 64% and 76%, respectively. Of the 226 infested girls, 181 (80%) were found to be infested with 1-10 head lice, 33 (15%) with 11-50 lice, 7(3%) with 51-100 lice and 5 (2%) with over 100 lice. Of the 2,160 head lice collected, 1,788 (83%) were nymphs, 284 (13%) females, and 88 (4%) males. The mean number of head lice in each infested girl was 10 (range 1-137). The low cure rates obtained in the present study may be due to the fact that many school girl & have long hair. In comparison, Nix had the highest cure rate (81%) but the highest price (NT$ 120/case). The cure rate and price of Para aerosol (78%, NT$ 7.2/case) and Delice (71%, NT$ 16.7/case) came next. Prioderm (64%, NT$ 10.0/case) had the lowest rate and a slight offensive smell. Preliminary trials show that based on the cost-effectiveness, Para aerosol is best in head louse infestation control.

Allethrins↗
PubMed1991

Chemotherapy of head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation gamma benzene hexachloride (gamma-BHC) among school children in Szu-Hu District, Yunlin County, Central West Taiwan.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of 1% gamma-BHC emulsion against head louse infestation, 1,527 school children were examined using observation by ocular and combing methods were used and infested children were treated with three regimes of 1% gamma-BHC emulsion. An overall infestation rate of 40% was found. The infestation rate was highest in Tung-Kuang Primary School (59%) and lowest in Chien-Hua Primary Schools (7%). The rate was highest among school children grade 2 (45%) and lowest in grade 3 (35%). The rate of girls (65%) was much higher than that of boys (9%). A total of 443 lice were collected from 78 infested school girls: 56 males, 59 females, and 328 nymph. The average number of head lice in each infested girl was 5.7. Follow-up examination was conducted one week after treatment. The cure rates for dosages of 10.0 ml, 5.0 ml, and 2.5 ml 1% gamma-BHC emulsion were 96%, 88%, 68% for girls and 100%, 92%, and 33% for boys, respectively. Only mild and transient itching and burn sensation of scalp were reported by a few children. The overall infestation rate 5 months (April-September 1981) after treatment was 23% (286/1,245). The rate of girls decreased from 65% to 40% and that of boys from 9% to 3%. Results of the present study indicates that 1% gamma-BHC emulsion is an effective pediculicide at a dosage of 5 ml or 10 ml. However, the overall infestation rate remained high (23%) 5 months after treatment. These findings suggest that treatment of head louse infestation must be conducted continuously.

Adolescent↗