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PubMed1976

Biochemical and physiological parameters on the healthy skin surface of persons with candidal intertrigo and of persons with tinea cruris.

Biochemical and physiological tests were carried out on the skin surface of 20 patients with candidal intertrigo and 27 patients with tinea cruris. In all patients the test areas were free of efflorescences. The same tests were performed in 39 and 27 resectively healthy test persons of the same age and sex. The following striking findings came to light: 1. There was a significant decrease in the percentage amount of squalene in the skin surface lipids of the moniliasis group as compared with the control group. 2. There was a significant decrease in the reducing substances in the so called water solubles obtained with the phenol sulfuric acid method in the moniliasis group. The same results were obtained when only those moniliasis patients who were definitely not suffering from diabetes mellitus were taken into account. This is presumably a question of a reduction in the bound carbohydrates. 3. There were significantly more amino acids extractable from the skin surface of the tinea cruris patients than of the control persons. These results point to important predisposing factors for the susceptibility to candidal intertrigo and tinea cruris respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Prediction of outcomes in trauma: anatomic or physiologic parameters?

BACKGROUND: Prediction of outcomes after injury has traditionally incorporated measures of injury severity, but recent studies suggest that including physiologic and shock measures can improve accuracy of anatomic-based models. A recent single-institution study described a mortality predictive equation [f(x) = 3.48 - .22 (GCS) - .08 (BE) + .08 (Tx) + .05 (ISS) + .04 (Age)], where GSC is Glasgow Coma Score, BE is base excess, Tx is transfusion requirement, and ISS is Injury Severity Score, which had 63% sensitivity, 94% specificity, (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] 0.96), but did not provide comparative data for other models. We have previously documented that the Physiologic Trauma Score, including only physiologic variables (systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Glasgow Coma Score, age) also accurately predicts mortality in trauma. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive abilities of these statistical models in trauma outcomes. METHODS: Area under the ROC curve of sensitivity versus 1-specificity was used to assess predictive ability and measured discrimination of the models. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 15,534 trauma patients (80% blunt mechanism) admitted to a Level I trauma center over a 3-year period (mean age 37 +/- 18 years; mean Injury Severity Score 10 +/- 10; mortality 4%). Sensitivity of the new predictive model was 45%, specificity was 96%, ROC was 0.91, validating this new trauma outcomes model in our institution. This was comparable with area under the ROC for Revised Trauma Score (ROC 0.88), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (ROC 0.97), and Physiologic Trauma Score (ROC 0.95), but superior compared with admission Glasgow Coma Score (ROC 0.79), Injury Severity Score (ROC 0.79), and age (ROC 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: The predictive ability of this new model is superior to anatomic-based models such as Injury Severity Score, but comparable with other physiologic-based models such as Revised Trauma Score, Physiologic Trauma Score and Trauma, and Injury Severity Score.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Biochemical and physiological parameters on the skin surface of healthy test persons: a contribution towards the interpretation of the results obtained by a screening program.

Biochemical and physiological examinations were carried out on the skin surface of a total of 115 healthy persons ranging from the age of 7-79 years. In these investigations the following striking findings were made: 1. There is a significant correlation between the results obtained by the ferricyanide, the phenol sulfuric acid and the ninhydrin methods in the so called water solubles. 2. The relationship between the fraction of wax and cholesterol esters and the squalene fraction in the skin surface lipids influences the release of free fatty acids by bacterial lipases. 3. With regards to most parameters tested there are great differences between the 8-12 year age group and the older age groups. 4. There are significant differences in the 8-12 year age group between the male and female test persons. 5. With regards to the parameters tested there are also significant differences between the various test areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The energy requirement of heifers. 4. Comparison of the digestibility and rumen physiologic parameters in heifers and full-grown sheep].

In 159 comparative studies with fully grown sheep and heifers of the digestibility and of rumen physiologic values at a variation of the feed ration in the crude fibre content between 112 and 318 g, in the crude protein content between 94 and 194 g and in the content of nitrogen free extractive between 484 and 641 g/kg DM is provided that the digestibility of energy in heifers was, on average, 4 digestibility units lower than in sheep. The corresponding values for the digestibility of crude protein and crude fibre are 12 and 3.5 digestibility units. Due to the lower methane energy excretion of the heifers the difference at the level of metabolizable energy is reduced to 1.5% of the gross energy. The level of the differences in digestibility is influenced by the development of the young cattle and the composition of the rations. In young cattle of the live weight range between 100 and 150 kg the digestibility of the energy is 6-8 units lower than in sheep. A higher crude fibre content in the ration diminishes the difference in the digestibility of energy and the nutrients between the two animal species.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

Apparent water permeability as a physiological parameter in crustaceans

This article reviews the use of apparent water permeability (AWP) calculated from measurements of isotope-labelled water flux as a physiological estimate of whole-body water permeability in aquatic invertebrates. The rationale and practices of AWP calculations are described in an Appendix. AWP calculations have provided a wealth of information. However, the validity of the method and therefore also of the information obtained have been questioned. Consequently, the use of AWP data in discussions of osmotic and fluid homeostatic questions in aquatic invertebrates is limited. This article reviews three decades of published experiments in which measurements of isotope-labelled water fluxes were used to estimate water permeability in aquatic invertebrates. Data on 24 species of arthropod, most of them decapod crustaceans, are presented. The combined data indicate that the results obtained by different investigators on the same species show good agreement, even though different tracers and experimental methods have been applied. When available, results from other kinds of studies were used to evaluate the results obtained using the AWP measurements. The various results demonstrate that AWP is influenced not only by natural environmental factors, such as salinity and temperature, and by anthropogenic factors, such as potentially toxic trace metals, but that it is also regulated by intrinsic factors, such as ecdysis and life cycle stage. The results obtained can often be explained as effects of components of the habitat of the animal. Accordingly, studies on variations in AWP contribute to our understanding of the different physiological strategies used by species living in a changing environment. We conclude that calculations of AWP offer reliable, relevant physiological data in a range of crustacean species, as long as methodological limitations and uncertainties are kept in mind. In addition, we propose some possible new ways of applying AWP calculations to marine invertebrates other than crustaceans. A major part of this review describes results already obtained for the shore crab Carcinus maenas as this species is probably the animal on which most work has been carried out. We suggest topics for future work on this species and review the possibility of using AWP in C. maenas as a biomarker of metal exposure.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Physiological parameters associated with the performance of a distracting task and genital self-stimulation in women with complete spinal cord injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the physiological sexual responses of women with complete spinal cord injuries (SCI) with those of able-bodied women. DESIGN: Controlled laboratory-based analysis of responses to a distracting task coupled with manual genital stimulation versus masturbation. SETTING: The sexual physiology laboratory at our free-standing rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 10 women with complete SCI along with 10 able-bodied women, matched for age and educational status. INTERVENTIONS: A 78-minute protocol using 6-minute baselines alternating with 12-minute testing conditions. DEPENDENT-VARIABLES: Vaginal pulse amplitude, subjective arousal, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Subjective sexual arousal increased in able-bodied women with manual genital stimulation in conjunction with performance of a distracting task and was further augmented by removal of the distracting task and continuing with masturbation. In contrast, complete SCI subjects did not demonstrate increased subjective arousal with performance of the distracting task in conjunction with manual genital stimulation; however, they did evidence significant increases in arousal when the distracting task was eliminated. CONCLUSIONS: Genital responses tended to parallel subjective responses in able-bodied women; however, women with SCI revealed nonsignificant changes in genital responses throughout the treatment protocol. It is hypothesized that the genital and subjective responses of able-bodied subjects reflect the additive components of reflex and then psychogenic sexual arousal. Furthermore, the lack of responsivity in the SCI subjects was thought to be related to compromised upper extremity function in the majority of our subjects. Further work is necessary to validate these hypotheses.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A new wireless system for decentralised measurement of physiological parameters from shake flasks.

BACKGROUND: Shake flasks are widely used because of their low price and simple handling. Many researcher are, however, not aware of the physiological consequences of oxygen limitation and substrate overflow metabolism that occur in shake flasks. Availability of a wireless measuring system brings the possibilities for quality control and design of cultivation conditions. RESULTS: Here we present a new wireless solution for the measurement of pH and oxygen from shake flasks with standard sensors, which allows data transmission over a distance of more than 100 metres in laboratory environments. This new system was applied to monitoring of cultivation conditions in shake flasks. The at-time monitoring of the growth conditions became possible by simple means. Here we demonstrate that with typical protocols E. coli shake flask cultures run into severe oxygen limitation and the medium is strongly acidified. Additionally the strength of the new system is demonstrated by continuous monitoring of the oxygen level in methanol-fed Pichia pastoris shake flask cultures, which allows the optimisation of substrate feeding for preventing starvation or methanol overfeed. 40 % higher cell density was obtained by preventing starvation phases which occur in standard shake flask protocols by adding methanol when the respiration activity decreased in the cultures. CONCLUSION: The here introduced wireless system can read parallel sensor data over long distances from shake flasks that are under vigorous shaking in cultivation rooms or closed incubators. The presented technology allows centralised monitoring of decentralised targets. It is useful for the monitoring of pH and dissolved oxygen in shake flask cultures. It is not limited to standard sensors, but can be easily adopted to new types of sensors and measurement places (e.g., new sensor points in large-scale bioreactors).

Journal Article↗