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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Retained placentas in a colony of mice.

Twenty mice were killed 1-6 days after parturition, and the uterine contents were examined grossly and microscopically. Uteri of 10 animals had retained one or more placentas, each of which was firmly attached to the uterus and usually exhibited fetal membranes and an umbilical cord. Histologic preparations revealed that the fetal blood channels in the labyrinth region were collapsed and fibrosed while some maternal blood channels were open and contained blood cells. In the junctional zone and decidua, necrosis and leukocytic invasion were evident. In median sections, a stalk of fibrous tissue extended from the uterus to the placenta.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Placental villous stem vessel occlusions. Studies of a twin placenta retained in utero following selective sectio parva].

During a twin pregnancy of a 41-year old woman, a selective sectio parva was performed, without removing the placenta, in the 23rd week of gestation. An amniotic fluid examination after routine amniocentesis showed a free trisomy 21 in only one of the twins. The twin with normal caryotype was delivered in the 28th week. His placenta was well developed, whereas the placenta of the other child showed severe obliterations of the stem arteries with partial avascularity of the villi. The histological aspect was that of a so-called "endarteritis obliterans". Since the twin delivered via sectio parva showed no signs of dystrophy, we presume that at the time of delivery his placenta had developed regularly. The changes of the placenta, demonstrated by histological examinations, seemed to be caused by the stopping of the foetal blood circulation. We suggest that the intrauterine death is not caused by "endarteritis obliterans" only as often described previously. Obviously, the morphological picture of endarteritis obliterans can be the result of cessation of foetal blood circulation. Obliteration of stem arteries might be the main reason for the stillbirth with significant signs of dystrophy. The similar histological picture in placentae of normally developed stillbirths is obviously caused by discontinuation of foetal blood circulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Successful treatment of retained placenta with umbilical cord injections of collagenase in cows.

Fetal membranes usually are released from the uterus between 2 and 6 postpartum hours. However, in a substantial percentage of cows (11%), fetal membranes are retained for several days. In part, failure of collagen breakdown seems to be related to retention of fetal membranes. Injections of 200,000 U of bacterial collagenase in 1,000 ml of physiologic saline solution via umbilical arteries (1 or 2) between 24 and 72 hours of retention caused release of retained fetal membranes in 23 of 27 cows (85%) with noninduced retained fetal membranes and in 10 of 14 cows (71%) with experimentally induced retained fetal membranes, within 36 hours after injection. Controls (n = 36) did not release retained fetal membranes within this time. Injections of collagenase via a jugular vein (2.2 x 10(6) U in 1,000 ml of physiologic saline solution), administered over a 30-minute period, caused release of retained fetal membranes within 36 hours in 3 of 6 cows with experimentally induced retained fetal membranes. Clinical complications did not follow treatments with collagenase. Umbilical injections of bacterial collagenase were highly effective in the treatment of retained fetal membranes in cows. The procedure is simple, safe, affordable, and can be completed in 25 minutes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Total antioxidant capacity of bovine spontaneously released and retained placenta.

Exposure of living organisms to a constant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in the development of antioxidative defence systems which protect cells and tissues against their harmful effects. The retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in cows is hypothesized to be connected with the imbalance between production and neutralization of ROS. The efficiency of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative systems can be detected by the determination of single components of this system or by so-called total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In the present study, total antioxidant capacity was compared with previously measured parameters of antioxidative defence mechanisms in placental tissues of cows with respect to time of fetal membranes expulsion and mode of delivery. Placental samples were divided into: (A) caesarian section before term (272-277 days of pregnancy) without RFM (n=9), (B) caesarian section before term with RFM (n=14), (C) caesarian section at term (282-288 days of pregnancy) without RFM (n=12), (D) caesarian section at term with RFM (n=16), (E) spontaneous delivery at term without RFM (n=8), (F) spontaneous delivery at term with RFM (n=8). TAC was measured spectrophotometrically at 593nm by use of 2,4,6-tri-pyridyl-s-triazine in homogenates of maternal and fetal part of placenta and expressed as mumol/g protein (mean+/-S.E.M.). The values of TAC were significantly higher (P</=0.05) in the fetal than in maternal part in preterm samples (A - maternal: 27.24+/-4.17mumol/g prot, fetal: 63.67+/-18.16, B - maternal: 49.80+/-5.11, fetal: 70.96+/-13.23). The opposite relationship was noticed in term samples. Significantly higher values were observed in retained than in not retained placental tissues (C - maternal: 32.40+/-6.12, fetal: 16.29+/-3.97, D - maternal: 48.17+/-6.91, fetal: 27.92+/-4.72, E - maternal: 40.55+/-2.66, fetal: 27.90+/-1.23, F - maternal: 45.85+/-6.40, fetal: 43.50+/-4.61). Values of TAC are comparable with previously determined single parameters of antioxidative defence mechanisms in placental tissues and may be of clinical importance. Whether they reflect plasma values as well requires further evaluation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Prevention of retained placenta by injection of collagenase into umbilical arteries of calves delivered by cesarean section: a tolerance study.

In the cow, cesarean section delivery is often followed by retention of fetal membranes. Hypothetically, the retention of fetal membranes could be prevented by intraplacental injections of the enzyme collagenase. However, the infusion of this potent proteolytic enzyme into a uterus traumatized by surgery can lead to uterine damage, including perforation. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate tolerance of intraplacental treatment of bacterial collagenase. A cesarean section was performed on 10 experimental cows undergoing induced delivery or diagnosed with dystocia. During the surgical procedure, 200,000 units of bacterial collagenase in 1 L of saline were infused via the umbilical arteries. A cesarean section was also performed on control cows (n = 25) affected by dystocia, but these received no collagenase. The collagenase-treated cows showed no clinical or laboratory signs of abnormality over a 3- to 4-wk observation period post treatment. When membrane retention time was set at 36 h post surgery, 20% of the experimental cows and 60% of the control cows had retained the fetal membranes. It was concluded that intraplacental administration of collagenase during cesarean section is safe. However, treatment effectiveness and economic benefits for commercial application need further study.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

The effect of oxytocin injection into the umbilical vein for the management of the retained placenta.

In a single-blind study 51 patients with retention of the placenta were randomized into one of three groups: Group 1 was given 10 IU of oxytocin in 10 ml of sodium chloride into the umbilical vein; group 2 was given 10 ml of sodium chloride; group 3 was treated with manual removal of the placenta. No significant differences were recorded in groups 1 and 2, and no advantages were found in comparison with the procedure normally used.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Removing a retained placenta by oxytocin--a controlled study.

No increase in maternal plasma oxytocin concentration was detected after administration of 100 IU oxytocin into the umbilical veins of seven women immediately after delivery. The delivery of the placenta was accelerated after umbilical vein injection of 100 IU oxytocin in a placebo-controlled study of 40 women: 12 minutes (4 to 40) in the oxytocin group versus 40 minutes (29 to 40) in the placebo group (median and interquartile ranges), p less than 0.05.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of the retained fetal membrane syndrome (retained placenta) during induced calving in dairy cattle.

Sixty-six dairy cattle were induced to calve with dexamethasone treatment at 5 d prior to expected time of calving. Each animal was assigned randomly to one of two treatments, saline (2 ml) or PGF(2)alpha (10 mg), which were administered within 1 h postpartum. With the saline treatment, 90.5 % of the animals had placental retention, whereas only 8.8 % of the PGF(2)alpha-treated animals had placental retention. The PGF(2)alpha-treated cows released the fetal membranes in 7.4 +/- 1.35 h postpartum, whereas the saline-treated cows released the membranes in 98.3 +/- 10.93 h postpartum. These data demonstrate that treatment with PGF(2)alpha within the immediate postpartum period is effective (P < 0.001) in the prevention of placental retention in the dairy cow induced to calve with dexamethasone.

Journal Article↗