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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Primary prevention of coronary heart disease versus health promotion--a contradiction?

The German Cardiovascular Prevention Study is a multicentre community-based intervention study with the primary goal of reducing cardiovascular mortality by primary prevention measures. The intervention strategy comprises improving people's life styles as well as health promotion so as to modify cardiovascular risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoking, arterial hypertension, physical inactivity and over-weight). Design elements of the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study, now in its fifth year, were adopted from well known community intervention studies, including monitoring of mortality and morbidity, health examination surveys to assess distribution of cardiovascular risk factors, health attitudes and health behaviour in the community and use of formative and process evaluation to monitor the effects of intervention policies in the community. To identify risk factor profiles a cluster analysis was carried out from survey data. Four clusters were identified: a) people with none or few risk factors; b) those with high prevalence of smoking; c) those with high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension; d) high risk factor exposure individuals. The clusters are different along social indicators like age, sex and social status. Process evaluation data show that special strategies like interventive blood pressure screenings reached a relatively high proportion of people from lower socioeconomic status. But they also indicate that there is a long way to go from publicity of intervention programs to lasting changes in behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Processing and evaluation of fish silage from accompanying fauna of shrimps].

Fish silage for animal feed was produced from a mixture of several fish species belonging to the shrimp by catch. All of them were ground and mixed with formic and sulfuric acids, 3.5% w/w at 1:2; 1:3 and 1:4, respectively, and stored at room temperature for 15 days, to complete liquefaction. The pH, exuded liquid, consistency, soluble nitrogen, total volatile bases, trimethylamine, lipid oxidation by thiobarbituric acid test and microbial count were measured during the 60 days of the storage period. Fish silage was dried and used for biological tests in chicken fed a diet with 6% of silage as a substitute of fish meal. Results of proximal analysis, amino acid profile and mineral content, as well as of the biological test with the dried product, indicated the feasibility of using fish silage as a substitute of traditional fish meal for the chicks included in the trial. This fact, coupled to its simple processing technology, make fish silage adequate for utilization as animal feed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

A quality assurance program for a state university student health center.

The New Mexico State University Student Health Center redesigned its quality assurance program to follow the Joint Commission's ten-step process for monitoring and evaluation. This article outlines the scopes of care in the Health Center's different units and provides case-study examples, including important aspects of care and indicators, to illustrate the monitoring and evaluation process as it is used for both retrospective studies and concurrent monitoring.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

On the process for evaluating proposed new diagnostic EEG tests.

Assessment of new technology is an important part of the evolving art of medicine. For a variety of reasons, it is appropriate to restrict clinical applications of new technology to those tests which have been shown to be safe and effective. Efficacy of new EEG technology can be assessed through a variety of standard procedures, generally based on controlled, well organized clinical studies. Scientific reports using new EEG technology all too often fail to meet the standards traditionally expected for such clinical trials. Many such studies were never designed to be clinical trials. Misunderstandings occur when reports of scientific studies and informal clinical series become confused with formal clinical trials of efficacy. Based upon examples given during the 1991 ISBET meeting symposium on discriminant analysis, examples are discussed regarding how well individual kinds of presentations can be used to help clarify the generic clinical efficacy of the presented diagnostic tests.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

Electroencephalographic analysis: a methodology for evaluating psychotherapeutic process.

The relationship between individual differences in listening style and clinical sensitivity was studied. Listening style is conceptualized as extending from a critical, analytic, focused attitude to a holistic, intuitive, free-floating attitude. We studied the listening styles of psychiatric residents while they listened to a tape recording, a 17-minute fragment of a psychotherapy that had been rated by a panel of experts as containing 22 cues reflecting the patient's concern with termination of treatment. The ability of clinicians to identify these cues is our experimental measure of clinical sensitivity. Our measures of listening style include eyeblink rate, memory for high-imagery words, and electroencephalogram recorded from electrodes over the right and left temporal areas, all measured while psychiatric residents listened to the tape. Results suggested that an abundance of alpha indicates a readiness on the part of the listener to process clinically relevant information. In addition, a listening style with engagement of the right hemisphere predicted clinical sensitivity. These findings suggest ways to study how the skilled clinician "tunes" himself empathically to his patient.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1985

Success and failure at outpatient opioid detoxification. Evaluating the process of clonidine- and methadone-assisted withdrawal.

Two controlled trials have suggested that clonidine can be used on an outpatient basis to assist in opioid withdrawal, but that rates of successful detoxification do not exceed those obtained with gradual methadone reduction. This study examines the process of clonidine-and methadone-assisted detoxification to provide information about the timing and severity of withdrawal symptoms and side effects associated with each of the two methods. Derived from a double-blind clinical trial with randomized treatment assignment, data are presented which might guide the clinician in the choice of detoxification methods. In this study, subjects in either treatment condition had a success rate of approximately 40% and most subjects experienced at least moderate withdrawal discomfort in the areas of difficulty sleeping, feeling "blah," and craving. In both treatment groups the best predictor of detoxification failure was a high level of psychological symptoms at the onset of the study. Compared with gradual methadone reduction, clonidine treatment resulted in higher levels of withdrawal symptoms and side effects, earlier onset of withdrawal discomfort, earlier attrition, earlier termination of withdrawal discomfort, and a posttreatment course of drug use that was more consistent with success status during the study treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The quality assurance process in critical care education.

The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) has developed education standards for critical care nursing. These structure and process standards can be used as part of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' (JCAHO) ten-step process for monitoring and evaluating critical care education programs. This chapter discusses the application of the monitoring and evaluation process, based on education standards, for critical care education programs.

Critical Care↗