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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Two hundred and seventy cases of artificial donor insemination: management and results.

Whenever male infertility is resistant to therapy, artificial donor insemination (AID) may be employed as a very efficient tool to provide the infertile couple with the desired child. Two hundred and seventy cases of AID were reviewed for the following information: indication for AID, age of the female partner, length and type of infertility, socioeconomic state, ovulatory pattern prior to and following initiation of the AID program, acceptance of the procedure by the male partner, and outcome of pregnancies. The over-all pregnancy rate was 85.2%. There were 159 live births, 2 perinatal deaths, 38 spontaneous abortions, 1 ectopic pregnancy, and 1 therapeutic abortion due to rubella infection. Forty patients discontinued treatment with or without notification. Treatment success was significantly affected by age of the woman, duration of infertility, socioeconomic state of the couple, and the husband's acceptance of the AID procedure. Of all pregnancies, 86.5% occurred within six treatment cycles. Repeated pregnancies required similar numbers of treatment courses per pregnancy.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1976

Computerized data analysis of amino acids in physiologic fluids.

A Fortran IV computer program is described which identifies, computes, and statistically evaluates amino acid concentrations determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer in physiologic fluids. The program accepts retention time and intergrated peak areas from two calibration standards for identification and computational reference. Two internal standards are used to compensate for variations in injector performance and ninhydrin decay. Calibration standard responses are statistically treated to assist in detection of equipment malfunction. The statistical data base is automatically explanded through inclusion of data from normal patients. Amino acid concentrations are printed with appropriate mean and standard deviation values in a format acceptable as a final report.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Trial of anonymous versus confidential human immunodeficiency virus testing.

Before December, 1986, all public human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in Oregon was done confidentially (using names). In December, clients were offered the option of either anonymous or confidential services. As judged by questionnaire responses, the availability of anonymity increased overall demand for testing by 50%: 125% for homosexual/bisexual (gay) men, 56% for female prostitutes, 17% for intravenous drug users, and 32% for other clients. The number of gay clients who had tests increased from a mean of 42 per month during the 4 months before anonymity was available to 108 per month during the 4 months after, whereas, at public sites in Colorado or California and private sites in Oregon, the number of gay clients tested did not increase. Twice as many seropositive persons were identified during the 3 1/2 months after anonymity became available (n = 85) as in the 3 1/2 months before (n = 36). Thus, availability of anonymous HIV testing and counselling drew gay men who had not sought services under a confidential testing system.

California↗
PubMed1988

Factors influencing breast-feeding among adolescents.

During a 15-month study period, 244 adolescent mothers under 18 years of age were surveyed, of whom 53% elected to breast-feed. A subset of 60 primiparous breast-feeding adolescents were studied regarding the influence of several factors on the duration of breast-feeding. An attitude questionnaire was administered in the hospital within 48 hours of delivery. Follow-up interviews were obtained by telephone or in person at approximately 2 weeks and 2 months after birth. Eighty-three percent made the decision to breast-feed before the third trimester. Thirty-five percent discontinued breast-feeding within the first postpartum month, the most common reason being "nipple confusion" in the infant; 22% nursed for more than 1 month but less than 2 months, and 43% breast-fed for 2 months or more. None of the variables examined (maternal age, ethnic group, education level, involvement of the baby's father, timing of the breast-feeding decision, intended duration of breast-feeding, age at which formula supplementation was started, or availability of maternal support) was predictive of the duration of breast-feeding. Contrary to adolescent stereotypes, 65% of mothers chose breast-feeding because it was "good for the baby," and 67% identified the "closeness" of the nursing relationship as the most enjoyable part of breast-feeding. Twenty-eight percent cited modesty issues about breast-feeding as the greatest disadvantage, and 17% returned to work or school within the first 2 postpartum months, posing additional obstacles to breast-feeding. Our data suggest that adolescents are receptive to breast-feeding, but they may require close follow-up and anticipatory guidance tailored to their individual needs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Influence of unrestrained access to erotica on adolescents' and young adults' dispositions toward sexuality.

Because consensually accepted programs of sexual education are lacking, erotica have come to serve as the primary agent of sexual socialization. The new media technology gives prepubertal children and postpubertal adolescents ready access to erotica in all their manifestations. However, next to nothing is known about the consequences of the steadily increasing amount of such exposure. A brief overview of what is known and what remains unknown about the effects of pornography on young adults is presented. Thereafter, the focus is on the development of sexual callousness across the pubertal threshold, and on how this callousness might be influenced by extensive exposure to erotica. The erotica under consideration are not so much those explicitly depicting coital behaviors as those that are less explicit and present a fuller social context of sexual engagements. A program of research is outlined that would help provide an understanding of erotica's effects on adolescents' sexual callousness, an understanding that is sorely needed for the construction of effective educational efforts aiming at the removal of callousness and coercion from sexual relations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early results of Bankart repair with a patient-controlled rehabilitation program.

A standard protocol for patient rehabilitation after open Bankart procedure has been used in our clinic for more than 5 years. This protocol emphasizes the patient's role in controlling his or her rehabilitation over a 16-week period that results in a full return to work and sport. We have retrospectively reviewed 100 patients (104 shoulders) with a minimum follow-up of 6 months on the program to assess the program's effectiveness. The patients were assessed in terms of their satisfaction in relation to home, work, and sporting activities and the speed with which they returned to work and sport. All patients found the program acceptable. For home activities 100 (96%) of the shoulders were rated good or excellent, for work 94 (90%) were rated good or excellent, and 78 (76%) were rated good or excellent for sport. The shoulders of 5 patients redislocated, and a further 5 patients described ongoing symptoms but no redislocations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Contraceptive practice of Irish married and single first-time mothers.

This study surveys 100 married and 100 unmarried primiparous mothers, attending the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, with regard to their contraceptive practice, their planning of their pregnancy and the timing of their first antenatal visit. Nineteen per cent of the married women, but 64% of the unmarried women, had never used any contraceptive method. The contraceptive pill was the most popular method for both groups, but while three in five of the married women had at some time used the pill, only a little more than one in five of the unmarried women had ever used it. One quarter of the women who had used contraception reported that their pregnancy was the result of a failure in their contraceptive method. Eighty-nine per cent of the single group and 20% of the married had not planned their pregnancy. None of the married women, but almost a quarter of the single, delayed their first antenatal visit until after they were 20 weeks pregnant.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed2006

Assertive outreach: an effective strategy for engaging homeless persons with substance use disorders into treatment.

The purpose of this study was to examine substance abuse treatment referrals that were made by outreach workers in a homeless outreach project. Ten outreach workers completed questionnaires on each of their clients who they had referred to a substance abuse treatment program over the previous year. Additional data was collected on the client's motivation level at the point the referral was made, which agencies the client was referred to, and if the client was rejected from any of the treatment programs. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to examine relationships between the variables. Of 73 project clients who were referred to substance abuse treatment in a one-year period of time, 41% successfully entered treatment. As might be expected, there was a statistically significant relationship between clients' motivation level and completed referral, and between referrals made and program acceptance. This study provides evidence that assertive outreach is effective in engaging and linking homeless persons with substance use disorders to substance abuse treatment services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Health professions education for adapting to change and for participating in managing change.

This paper outlines a case for a new approach to the education of future professionals. The magnitude and potential seriousness of changes to be anticipated in the first half of the new century challenge institutions of higher education to prepare their students to become able to adapt themselves to change and to participate in the management of change--not only in relation to their own profession, but more widely for the benefit of society at large. The Network of Community-Oriented Educational Institutions for Health Sciences is planning three major programs which are designed to help meet this challenge in the 21st century. The first of these programs will set out to identify generic competencies that are needed for adapting to change and for participating in managing change. This is to include not only profession-specific changes, but also changes that affect the well-being of society as a whole. The second program will address the related need to develop educational interventions that are designed to foster competencies for interprofessional and intersectoral collaboration. The third of these programs accepts that serious attention to effective education for the professions will require institutionalization of recognition and reward of creativity and commitment in education.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

DIGICALC: a restriction fragment analysis program.

DIGICALC is a program designed to aid in the acquisition, storage, and analysis of nucleic acid restriction fragment data. The chief considerations during program design were (i) ease of use for people with varying degrees of computer experience, (ii) minimal hardware requirements (e.g. an IBM PC), (iii) portability and ease of modification, and (iv) improved functionality in sizing and comparing restriction fragments over manual methods. The program accepts manual or digitizer input of nucleic acid fragment mobility, calculates the fragments' sizes, and provides the means to search the fragment database and to produce charts of fragment sizes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mouse linkage map. A computer program.

Computer programs have been developed to serve as a method for storing, retrieving, and sorting mouse linkage data. The programs accept and store raw data and reference information for gene linkage; calculate recombination values for each data set and for combined data sets; retrieve, sort, and print-out raw data, references, and recombination values; and generate linkage maps.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lessons for teaching cost containment.

Increasing financial restrictions on hospitals by the federal government and changing physician reimbursement procedures make it more important to control the use of medical care resources by physicians. A prospective controlled study was made of an educational program for the medical and surgical house staffs and for medical students designed to reduce unneeded orders for low cost, high volume ancillary and nursing services. The program was comprised of six mutually reinforcing components: lectures, medical record audits and reviews, group feedback in the form of cost summaries containing information on unnecessary ordering, hospital price booklets, current patient bills, and pertinent journal articles. Operating at a time of retrospective hospital cost reimbursement, the program achieved only modest reductions in the residents' and students' use of hospital services and no substantive effect upon hospital costs. However, the program participants accepted the program enthusiastically. Several factors crucial to such educational cost containment programs were identified. The authors believe that experience with the program has valuable lessons for other hospitals initiating cost-control efforts.

California↗
PubMed2004

Quantification of compartmented metabolic fluxes in developing soybean embryos by employing biosynthetically directed fractional (13)C labeling, two-dimensional [(13)C, (1)H] nuclear magnetic resonance, and comprehensive isotopomer balancing.

Metabolic flux quantification in plants is instrumental in the detailed understanding of metabolism but is difficult to perform on a systemic level. Toward this aim, we report the development and application of a computer-aided metabolic flux analysis tool that enables the concurrent evaluation of fluxes in several primary metabolic pathways. Labeling experiments were performed by feeding a mixture of U-(13)C Suc, naturally abundant Suc, and Gln to developing soybean (Glycine max) embryos. Two-dimensional [(13)C, (1)H] NMR spectra of seed storage protein and starch hydrolysates were acquired and yielded a labeling data set consisting of 155 (13)C isotopomer abundances. We developed a computer program to automatically calculate fluxes from this data. This program accepts a user-defined metabolic network model and incorporates recent mathematical advances toward accurate and efficient flux evaluation. Fluxes were calculated and statistical analysis was performed to obtain sds. A high flux was found through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (19.99 +/- 4.39 micromol d(-1) cotyledon(-1), or 104.2 carbon mol +/- 23.0 carbon mol per 100 carbon mol of Suc uptake). Separate transketolase and transaldolase fluxes could be distinguished in the plastid and the cytosol, and those in the plastid were found to be at least 6-fold higher. The backflux from triose to hexose phosphate was also found to be substantial in the plastid (21.72 +/- 5.00 micromol d(-1) cotyledon(-1), or 113.2 carbon mol +/-26.0 carbon mol per 100 carbon mol of Suc uptake). Forward and backward directions of anaplerotic fluxes could be distinguished. The glyoxylate shunt flux was found to be negligible. Such a generic flux analysis tool can serve as a quantitative tool for metabolic studies and phenotype comparisons and can be extended to other plant systems.

Carbon↗
PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of a 3% hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening gel.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this randomized double-blind investigation was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available 3% hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening material (ADS Tooth Whitening Gel, Applied Dental Sciences, Inc., Lee, MA). The material was used over 2 weeks in a dentist-supervised, patient-applied application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation was carried out in accordance with American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home-Use Tooth Whitening Products (May 1998). Sixty-five participants were randomized into two groups (active and placebo) for a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A custom application tray, scalloped without reservoirs, was fabricated for each participant. Tooth shades were documented by matching with the Vita shade guide ordered according to value and assigned a numeric ranking from 1 to 16, darkest to lightest. Participants were supplied with the treatment solutions to use in the application tray. Duration of active treatment was 30 minutes 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 1 week and 2 weeks treatment, and 12 and 26 weeks post-treatment. The statistical analysis used at each time point to determine the difference between the active and placebo groups based on the change in value was the two-sample t-test. Plaque and soft tissue indices were also recorded. RESULTS: The teeth treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide were significantly lighter at 2, 12, and 26 weeks (p < or = .0140, .0004, and .0001, respectively) compared with the placebo group. The mean shade change was 4.2 Vita shade tabs at 2 weeks. At 26 weeks (6 months), the degree of whitening was 4.1 tabs.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Use of shade guides for color measurement in tooth-bleaching studies.

UNLABELLED: Several different methods are used to measure tooth color in bleaching studies. The ADA Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home Use Tooth Whitening Products specify the use of a value-oriented shade guide and/or electronic color measurement devices. Since people perceive color differently, shade guides are a subjective measure. Differences between raters and by the same rater are well documented in the dental literature. The purposes of this article will be to discuss the advantages and disadvantages using shade guides to measure color change related to tooth whitening, and to evaluate the correlation of data gathered from the use of shade guides to electronic color measurement devices. Using an order published by the manufacturer, both the TRUBYTE Bioform and Vita Classical guides can be arranged by value. A study by O'Brien demonstrated however, that the order is flawed and the change in brightness from tab to tab varies greatly. Despite these disadvantages, a review of data from several clinical trials demonstrates that Vita Classical shade guide data is consistent with data gathered using electronic color measurements. Furthermore, the O'Brien data can be used to make both these guides better measurement systems. The ADA Certification program standards define the degree of overall color change that should be considered clinically important. This issue is as critical as the measurement system used. Reporting color changes that are neither detectable to the human eye nor considered by the public to be important offers the profession little usable information. Given that any standard for color change during bleaching must relate to the abilities of the human eye, it is the conclusion of the author that shade guides should remain a critical element of any bleaching study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinicians are frequently exposed to reports of bleaching agents that have been shown to result in a change of 6, 7, 8, etc., tabs. Without understanding the limitations of the shade guide used, reports of a specific shade tab change are of little use and may actually be misleading.

Color↗