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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract disease.

The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children is little understood. We studied the prevalence of C. pneumoniae infection in hospitalized infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract disease by cell culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme immunoassay and serology. Of 290 patients with a mean age of 3.7 years, only 3 (1%) were identified to be infected with C. pneumoniae. One child was positive in the cell culture as well as the PCR assay. Another infant was PCR-positive only and serologic evidence of infection was observed in a culture- and PCR-negative child. Chlamydia trachomatis was not detected in any patient specimen by either culture or PCR. Results of this study indicate that C. pneumoniae plays a minor role in the etiology of respiratory tract infections in infants and young children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Bench-to-bedside review: Paediatric viral lower respiratory tract disease necessitating mechanical ventilation--should we use exogenous surfactant?

Treatment of infants with viral lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) necessitating mechanical ventilation is mainly symptomatic. The therapeutic use of surfactant seems rational because significantly lower levels of surfactant phospholipids and proteins, and impaired capacity to reduce surface tension were observed among infants and young children with viral LRTD. This article reviews the role of pulmonary surfactant in the pathogenesis of paediatric viral LRTD. Three randomized trials demonstrated improved oxygenation and reduced duration of mechanical ventilation and paediatric intensive care unit stay in young children with viral LRTD after administration of exogenous surfactant. This suggest that exogenous surfactant is the first beneficial treatment for ventilated infants with viral LRTD. Additionally, in vitro and animal studies demonstrated that surfactant associated proteins SP-A and SP-D bind to respiratory viruses, play a role in eliminating these viruses and induce an inflammatory response. Although these immunomodulating effects are promising, the available data are inconclusive and the findings are unconfirmed in humans. In summary, exogenous surfactant in ventilated infants with viral LRTD could be a useful therapeutic approach. Its beneficial role in improving oxygenation has already been established in clinical trials, whereas the immunomodulating effects are promising but remain to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

High prevalence of human bocavirus detected in young children with severe acute lower respiratory tract disease by use of a standard PCR protocol and a novel real-time PCR protocol.

The human bocavirus (HBoV) was recently isolated from respiratory tract samples. Within a study collective of children with severe lower respiratory tract disease, the patients testing positive for HBoV (12.8%) had a higher rate of underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Viral loads in respiratory tract specimens varied from 10(2) to 10(10) genome equivalents/ml.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Opportunistic infections associated with retroviral infections in cats.

Naturally occurring infection of cats with feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus is common. A wide variety of clinical manifestations occur in retrovirus-infected cats including gastrointestinal tract disease, respiratory tract disease, central nervous system disease, ophthalmic disease, hepatic disease, urogenital tract disease, dermatologic disease, hematologic disease, and musculoskeletal disease. Clinical signs are often directly attributable to the primary viral infection, but because both feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus can induce immunodeficiency, opportunistic secondary infections may cause the clinical manifestations of disease in some cats. Diagnosis, treatment, and zoonotic potential of the common opportunistic agents associated with feline retroviral infections are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The role of haemophilus in respiratory tract diseases in children from Silesian Center of Children Rehabilitation in Rabka].

In this work the frequency of isolation of rods the genus Haemophilus from children suffering from various clinical sharpes of respiratory tract diseases. All isolated strains were tested in respect of species, biotype, the ability of adhesion to oral and laryngeal epithelia and their susceptibility to routinely applied antibiotics. A strong correlation between the species and biotype of rods from the genus Haemophilus and clinical shape of respiratory tract diseases was found. It was observed that the Haemophilus rods show differences in the ability of adhesion to oral and laryngeal epithelia. Only 52% of the isolated strains were susceptible to bactrim and 88% to tetracycline.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Human metapneumovirus infection in young children hospitalized with respiratory tract disease.

BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly recognized pathogen associated with respiratory tract disease (RTD). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of hMPV infection in children hospitalized with RTD and to analyze the virologic and clinical features of hMPV infection. STUDY DESIGN: All children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized for RTD were included in this 1-year prospective study. hMPV was detected in nasopharyngeal secretions by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The hMPV F gene amplification products were sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Samples were also tested for other respiratory viruses by both direct immunofluorescence assay and virus culture. RESULTS: hMPV, detected in 50 of 589 (8.5%) children, represented the second leading cause of RTD after respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Infections with hMPV occurred mainly between December and April. hMPV isolates clustered into the 4 subgroups (A1, A2, B1 and B2) currently recognized; the majority (72%) of hMPV isolates belonged to subgroup A1. Among the 35 children infected with hMPV alone, 23 (65.7%) had bronchiolitis, 5 (14.3%) had pneumonia, 2 (5.7%) had asthma exacerbation and 5 (14.3%) had a limited upper RTD. Fifteen (30%) of the hMPV-infected children were coinfected with RSV. As compared with children infected with hMPV or RSV alone, duration of hospitalization and requirement for supplemental oxygen were increased in the hMPV/RSV-coinfected children. CONCLUSIONS: hMPV is a frequent cause of RTD in young children. hMPV/RSV coinfection is frequent and could be more severe than a single hMPV or RSV infection.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Chronic upper respiratory tract disease of free-ranging desert tortoises (Xerobates agassizii).

Seventeen desert tortoises, Xerobates agassizii, with upper respiratory tract disease were examined; thirteen were euthanatized for necropsy. Four normal control desert tortoises from a clinically healthy population were similarly evaluated. Hemoglobin and phosphorus values were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower and serum sodium, urea, SGOT, and cholesterol values were significantly higher in ill tortoises compared to controls. No significant differences in concentrations of serum or liver vitamins A and E were found between the two groups. While no significant differences were found for concentrations of lead, copper, cadmium, and selenium, the livers of ill tortoises had higher concentrations of mercury and iron. Lesions were found consistently in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of ill tortoises. In all ill tortoises dense infiltrates of lymphocytes and histiocytes obscured the mucosal epithelium and underlying glands. The mucosal epithelium was variably dysplastic, hyperplastic, and occasionally ulcerated. Electron microscopic studies revealed small (350 to 900 nm), pleomorphic organisms resembling Mycoplasma sp., in close association with the surface epithelium of the URT of ill tortoises. Pasteurella testudinis was cultured from the nasal cavity of all ill tortoises and one of four control tortoises. A Mycoplasma sp. was cultured from the nasal passageways of four ill tortoises and was ultrastructurally similar to the pleomorphic organism present on the mucosa in tissue section.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The curative action of Monticelli Term's water in upper respiratory tract diseases (author's transl)].

The Authors study the action of the sodio bromide-iodic water of Monticelli Terme in upper respiratory tract disease and particularly assert that is not to neglect the organic ground on which establishes mucosa's disease. Therman treatment gives the best therapeutic results in every patient presenting chronic inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory trach alternating periods of quiescency and of activity, and poor therapeutic action in patients presenting chronic inveterate diseases with great alterations in vascular and glandular components of the mucosa.

Bromides↗