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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Static and dynamic radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of the acute scrotum.

In the acute scrotum, diagnosis can be difficult in certain cases. In 107 patients the value of static and dynamic radionuclide imaging was evaluated. Static images provide a sensitivity and reliability of over 90%. Quantitative measurements do not give additional information in the differential diagnosis of these patients. Generally, scintigraphy can only be advocated if available as an emergency procedure. It is not necessary in cases with clinically obvious diagnosis of acute testicular torsion or epididymitis, but can be very helpful and reliable in unclear cases, i.e. for the evaluation of testicular perfusion after scrotal trauma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Radionuclide imaging and ultrasound in liver/spleen trauma: a prospective comparison.

In a prospective blind study of liver/spleen trauma, 32 consecutive patients were evaluated by radionuclide imaging (99mTc-sulfur colloid) and gray-scale ultrasound. Six patients (19%) had inadequate sonograms due to injuries and pain. Thirteen (41%) were normal, 13 (41%) were abnormal with one technique or the other, and there was a discrepancy in 2 (6%). Of the 13 abnormal patients, 1 had a lacerated spleen, 2 had angiographic confirmation of a subcapsular hematoma, and 10 showed resolution on follow-up. Two patients with left-sided trauma had abnormal radionuclide scans of the liver; sonograms were initially normal in one of them, but subsequent imaging confirmed the abnormality. The authors feel that imaging with 99mTc-sulfur colloid should be the primary screening examination for liver/spleen trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radionuclide imaging in internal derangements of the knee.

The clinical specificity and sensitivity of imaging with 99mTc was evaluated prospectively in 104 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital for diagnostic/surgical arthroscopy. Four distinct patterns of radionuclide activity were seen that correlated with observed arthroscopic findings. These patterns of activity were seen with degenerative joint disease (DJD) or severe rotational instability, meniscal pathology, fracture of the subchondral plate or full thickness cartilaginous ulceration, and synovitis. Radionuclide imaging was seen to be extremely sensitive and highly specific for all four patterns of activity. The observed association of subchondral plate injury with meniscal pathology may present an explanation for the observed poor outcome in a limited number of patients following meniscectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Radionuclide imaging. Use in diagnosis of osteomyelitis in children.

Forty-four children were studied for the presence of osteomyelitis by scintigraphy using Tc 99m etidronate tin complex. Evidence of osteomyelitis on radionuclide images was found in 16 of 19 patients considered to have osteomyelitis by their attending physicians. Bone scintigraphic changes were noted prior to or in the absence of roentgenographic abnormalities in 10 of 19 patients. Cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, chronic osteomyelitis, and osteomyelitis caused by penetrating trauma and contiguous infection were identified. Three bone infarctions were correctly diagnosed.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Radionuclide imaging after coronary vasodilation: myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 and radionuclide angiography after administration of dipyridamole.

Tl-201 imaging was performed in 194 patients who had undergone coronary angiography which had demonstrated coronary artery disease in 149 and normal coronary vessels in 45.91 patients had had previous myocardial infarction. Sensitivity for dipyridamole stress imaging was 92% for all 149 patients. 79% for the patients without previous infarction. Specificity was 81%. In a subgroup of 40 patients (32 patients with reversible Tl-201 defects and 8 normals), an additional dipyridamole wall motion study was performed in order to evaluate the correlation of Tl-201 perfusion abnormalities and ventricular function after dipyridamole. Only 19% of the patients had a dipyridamole-induced drop of global left ventricular ejection fraction, 31% showed dipyridamole-induced wall motion abnormalities; the predictability of specific vessel involvement by regional wall motion and regional ejection fraction assessment was 26% as compared with 70% for thallium imaging. Tl-201 perfusion defects after dipyridamole administration can also occur independent of ischaemia-induced changes in global and regional ventricular function. Coronary vasodilation with dipyridamole using Tl-201 imaging is a reliable alternative method in patients with coronary artery disease with an accuracy comparable to exercise studies with the advantage of not necessarily needing ischaemia as an endpoint of the test.

Cineangiography↗
PubMed1988

Functional radionuclide imaging of renal mean transit time and glomerular filtration rate.

A technique for functional radionuclide imaging of renal mean transit time and glomerular filtration rate from the results of gamma camera renography with a computer is described. The method uses deconvolution analysis on each pixel time-activity curve. The images of both parameters are of good quality except in cases of very low glomerular filtration rate. They effectively summarize the transit and uptake information available from the renogram and should prove a valuable adjunct in its routine analysis.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of subjective assessment of liver function from radionuclide images.

The appearance of non-hepatic uptake in 99Tcm-colloid images is an important indicator of poor liver function. We undertook this study to evaluate the ability of experienced observers to assess liver function from radionuclide images. A simple model was used to simulate the changing distribution of 99Tcm-colloid in the liver, spleen and bone marrow as the liver function and mass were varied. Suitable images of these three organs were isolated from real studies and used as "templates" to create realistic simulated 99Tcm-colloid images, with the count densities of liver, spleen and bone marrow determined by the model. These images were presented in random order to several observers, who were asked to assess liver function. Comparison of the estimated with the true function shows that visual assessment is systematically inaccurate, with underestimation of poor function and overestimation of good function. It is also imprecise, especially for livers with only midly impaired function. Observers were also affected by changing liver mass and were more likely to judge small livers to be abnormal. We suggest that objective assessment using a quantitative technique should be used as an adjunct to visual inspection for the evaluation of liver function.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical value of renal radionuclide imaging for diagnosis of urinary tract tumor].

Combined use of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) radionuclide angiography, and 99mTc-gluconate renal venography plus single photo computed tomography (SPECT) were employed for clinical diagnosis of urinary tract tumor. This is what we call serial renal radionuclide imaging (SRI). From Aug, 1989 to May, 1993, 63 patients with urinary tract tumor accepted this examination, including 52 cases with renal space-occupying lesion, 5 cases with retroperitoneal mass outside of kidney, 4 cases with bladder cancer (all 61 cases were confirmed by surgery and pathology) and 2 cases suspected of anastomotic leakage after total cystectomy and Bricker's operation. The results show that 1. The renal space-occupying lesion could be accurately localized by SRI and benign lesions could be differentiated from malignancy. 2. SRI could asertain if a retroperitoneal mass was in or outside of the kidney. 3. Urinary fistula could be demonstrated by SRI, while IVU detection failed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Radionuclide imaging of the knee with chronic anterior cruciate ligament tear.

We studied the results of bone scans in 50 consecutive patients with symptomatic, unilateral, chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. All patients had failed conservative therapy and underwent radionuclide imaging of the knee prior to arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. The scintigraphic activity in each of the three knee compartments was quantitatively scaled from 1 (normal scintigraphic activity) to 4 (marked activity). Quantitative activity in each of the three compartments was correlated with plain radiographic, arthroscopic, and clinical findings. All but four of the scans (92%) showed abnormal scintigraphic activity. The quantitative activity was highest overall in the medial compartment (2.9), followed by the lateral (2.4) and patellofemoral compartments (1.9). In the subgroup of patients with normal menisci (10 patients), most of the abnormal activity was in the lateral compartment (2.9), implying that when the medial meniscus remains competent in the presence of a torn ACL, there is increased stress on the lateral compartment. There was little correlation with scintigraphy and roentgenographic changes, except in the presence of moderate or severe radiographic degenerative arthritis. Similarly, there was little correlation between increased scintigraphic activity and chondromalacia. These results provide a baseline for future studies that use scintigraphic imaging in monitoring restoration of bone homeostasis following ACL reconstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Identification of hip surface arthroplasty failures with TcSC/TcmDP radionuclide imaging.

The roentgenographic identification of femoral component loosening after hip surface arthroplasty is often impossible because the metallic femoral component obscures the bone-cement interface. The use of combined technetium sulfur colloid and technetium methylene diphosphonate radionuclide imaging has been especially useful in the diagnosis of loosening. In 40 patients, follow-up combined TcSC and TcmDP scans at an average of three, nine, and 27 months postoperation revealed significant differences in the isotope uptakes in patients who had loose prostheses compared with those without complications. Scans were evaluated by first dividing them into eight anatomical regions and then rating the uptake in each region or 'zone' on a five-point scale. Results were compared using the Student's t-test and differences were noted between normal controls and patients who had femoral component loosening. Combining both TcSC and TcmDP studies increased the statistical significance obtained when comparing patients who had complications to those in the control group.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Radionuclide imaging of myocardial perfusion and viability in assessment of acute myocardial infarction.

Technical advances in radionuclide imaging have important implications for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Single-photon emission computerized tomography with thallium 201 (TI-201) offers greater accuracy than planar imaging in detecting, localizing and sizing myocardial perfusion defects. Use of single-photon emission computerized tomography with TI-201 should allow for a more accurate assessment of prognosis after myocardial infarction. A new radiopharmaceutical, technetium 99-m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile, provides a number of advantages over TI-201, including higher quality images, lack of redistribution, and the ability to assess first-pass ventricular function. Applications of TI-201 and technetium 99-m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile include assessment of arterial patency and myocardial salvage immediately after thrombolytic therapy, detection of resting ischemia after thrombolytic therapy, targeting of subsets of patients for further intervention, and predischarge assessment to predict the future course of patients after an acute myocardial infarction.

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed1990

Radionuclide imaging in osteitis deformans.

New knowledge of osteoclastic function and new treatments to reduce osteolytic activity have combined to yield new degrees of biochemical control over the increased rate of bone resorption and formation that characterized osteitis deformans (OD; Paget's disease). We have briefly outlined current concepts, and provided an example of the role radionuclide imaging can play in delineating the skeletal areas involved in this disease.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic radionuclide imaging of amyloid: biological targeting by circulating human serum amyloid P component.

The specific molecular affinity of the normal plasma protein, serum amyloid P component (SAP), for all known types of amyloid fibrils was used to develop a new general diagnostic method for in-vivo radionuclide imaging of amyloid deposits. After intravenous injection of 123I-labelled purified human SAP there was specific uptake into amyloid deposits in all affected patients, 7 with systemic AL amyloid, 5 with AA amyloid, and 2 with beta 2M amyloid, in contrast to the complete absence of any tissue localisation in 5 control subjects. Distinctive high-resolution scintigraphic images, even of minor deposits in the carpal regions, bone marrow, or adrenals, were obtained. This procedure should yield much information on the natural history and the management of amyloidosis, the presence of which has hitherto been confirmed only by biopsy. Clearance and metabolic studies indicated that, in the presence of extensive amyloidosis, the rate of synthesis of SAP was greatly increased despite maintenance of normal plasma levels. Furthermore, once localised to amyloid deposits the 123I-SAP persisted for long periods and was apparently protected from its normal rapid degradation. These findings shed new light on the pathophysiology of amyloid and may have implications for therapeutic strategies based upon specific molecular targeting with SAP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Long-term outcome of patients with intermediate-risk exercise electrocardiograms who do not have myocardial perfusion defects on radionuclide imaging.

BACKGROUND: The appropriate management of patients with intermediate-risk Duke treadmill scores is not established. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term risk of subsequent cardiovascular events in patients with an intermediate-risk treadmill score who do not have myocardial perfusion defects on radionuclide imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS: The existing databases of the nuclear cardiology laboratories of 4 academic institutions were searched retrospectively. A total of 4649 patients were identified who had intermediate-risk Duke treadmill scores (-10 to 4), normal or near-normal exercise single photon-emission computed tomographic myocardial perfusion images using either thallium-201 or technetium-99m sestamibi, and no previous coronary revascularization. Follow-up was 95% complete. Cardiovascular survival was 99.8% at 1 year, 99.0% at 5 years, and 98.5% at 7 years. Cardiac survival free of myocardial infarction was similarly high at 96.6% at 7 years. Cardiac survival free of myocardial infarction or revascularization was 87.1% at 7 years. Near-normal scans and cardiac enlargement were independent predictors of time to cardiac death. Seven-year cardiac survival was still high at 97.0% in the 357 patients with near-normal scans and normal cardiac size and somewhat lower, at 89.0%, in the 167 patients with cardiac enlargement. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an intermediate-risk treadmill score but with normal or near-normal exercise myocardial perfusion images and normal cardiac sizes are at low risk for subsequent cardiac death and can be safely managed medically until their symptoms warrant revascularization. The appropriate management of patients with cardiac enlargement will remain a matter of clinical judgment.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

In vivo tumor targeting and radionuclide imaging with self-assembled nanoparticles: mechanisms, key factors, and their implications.

The development of more selective delivery systems for cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy is one of the most important goals of current anticancer research. The purpose of this study is to evaluate various self-assembled nanoparticles as candidates to shuttle radionuclide and/or drugs into tumors and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the tumor targeting with self-assembled nanoparticles. By combining different hydrophobic moieties and hydrophilic polymer backbones, various self-assembled nanoparticles were prepared, and their in vivo distributions in tumor-bearing mice were studied by radionuclide imaging. One type of nanoparticles (fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated glycol chitosan (FGC) nanoparticles) exhibited highly selective tumoral localization. Scintigraphic images obtained 1 day after the intravenous injection of FGC nanoparticles clearly delineated the tumor against adjacent tissues. The mechanisms underlying the tumor targeting with self-assembled nanoparticles were investigated in terms of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and tumor microenvironments. FGC nanoparticles were preferentially localized in perivascular regions, implying their extravasation to tumors through the hyperpermeable tumor vasculature. The magnitude and pattern of tumoral distribution of self-assembled nanoparticles were influenced by several key factors--(i) in vivo colloidal stability: nanoparticles should maintain their intact nanostructures in vivo for a long period of time, (ii) particle size, (iii) intracellular uptake of nanoparticle: fast cellular uptake greatly facilitates the tumor targeting, (iv) tumor angiogenesis: pathological angiogenesis permits access of nanoparticles to tumors. We believe that this work can provide insight for the engineering of nanoparticles and be extended to cancer therapy and diagnosis, so as to deliver multiple therapeutic agents and imaging probes at high local concentrations.

Animals↗