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Results for “Remote Sensing Technology”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Rural health and IT&T in Australia--the results of qualitative and quantitative surveys of the needs, perceptions and expectations of rural and remote health professionals.

This paper reports an initial overview of the findings of qualitative and quantitative surveys of rural and remote health professionals in Australia to determine their present use of information technology and telecommunications (IT&T), barriers to the use of IT&T, and expected future uses. The survey research commissioned for this project supports the degree of importance rural and remote health professionals attach to the introduction and use of IT&T to reduce their sense of professional isolation and to support their service provision.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2004

Real-time in situ Raman analysis of microwave-assisted organic reactions.

Integration of a Raman probe into a commercially available microwave synthesizer has demonstrated unprecedented utility in understanding chemical processes within the rapidly emerging field of microwave-assisted organic synthesis. The real-time spectral feedback afforded by this system has facilitated analysis of reaction mechanisms, reactive intermediates, and reaction kinetics via optical sampling through the sidewall of the sealed reaction vial within the microwave chamber. The feasibility, attributes, and limitations of the system are illustrated using amine coupling and Knoevenagel coupling example reactions. In addition to the reported analyses, this system provided the safety of remote sensing, adequate sensitivity, ease of alignment, and optimized "depth of field" for analysis of solutions with solids content.

Electromagnetic Fields↗

PubMed2006

Disease mapping in veterinary parasitology: an update.

The development of methods for disease mapping has progressed considerably in recent years. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) represent new tools for the study of epidemiology, and their application to veterinary medicine, and in particular to veterinary parasitology, has become more and more advanced to study the spatial and temporal patterns of diseases. The present paper reports an update regarding the use of these technologies in veterinary parasitology.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Geomatics and public health.

Geomatics technology has tremendous potential to address public health issues particularly under the present circumstances of global climate change and climate or technology induced human migration, which result in an increase in the geographical extent and re-emergence of vector-borne diseases. The authors present an overview of the science of geomatics, describe the potential impacts of climate change on vector-borne diseases and review the applications of remote sensing for disease vector surveillance.

Climate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Geographic information systems (GIS): new perspectives in understanding human health and environmental relationships.

Geographic information systems (GIS) and digital computer technology will advance the mission of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to protect public health. Geographic positioning, topology, and planar and surface measurements are basic GIS properties which enable highly precise locational referencing of spatial phenomena. The growing uses of remotely sensed imagery and satellite facilitated global positioning systems are contributing to unprecedented surveillance of the environment and greater understanding of known and suspected environmental disease associations with human and animal health. Earth science and public health monitoring GIS databases offer new analytic opportunities for disease assessment and prevention.

CD-ROM↗

PubMed2005

[Advances in passive OP-FTIR].

As an OP-FTIR(Open Path FTIR) technology, passive OP-FTIR not only has the advantages of OP-FTIR, but also has the ability to collect data from any direction without prior background information. This technology allows mobile, fast, man-held and stand-off detection of hazardous chemical cloud.The present paper presents some developments of passive OP-FTIR, including high altitude atmospheric pollution detection, auto-detection of toxic cloud, hot gases detection (such as the determination of major combustion products in aircraft exhausts, remote sensing of smoke plumes, and remote sensing of volcano emissions), temperature and combustion products determination (including cloud temperature determination). The present paper also gives the application of passive OP-FTIR in the military. With the development of FTIR and computer science, more and more applications of OP-FTIR to environment supervision, aviation and space flight, engine exhausts, combustion and military will be fulfilled.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2004

Geographic information systems in public health and medicine.

Geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly being used in public health and medicine. Advances in computer technology, the encouragement of its use by the federal government, and the wide availability of academic and commercial courses on GIS are responsible for its growth. Some view GIS as only a tool for spatial research and policy analysis, while others believe it is part of a larger emerging new science including geography, cartography, geodesy, and remote sensing. The specific advantages and problems of GIS are discussed. The greatest potential of GIS is its ability to clearly show the results of complex analyses through maps. Problems in using GIS include its costs, the need to adequately train staff, the use of appropriate spatial units, and the risk it poses to violating patient confidentiality. Lastly, the fourteen articles in this special issue devoted to GIS are introduced and briefly discussed.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗

PubMed2003

Driving operations with decision support.

Technology has the power to do many things for home care agencies. Paperwork can be streamlined, productivity increased, patients can be monitored remotely. Decision support systems are the next logical step. A decision support system manages and organizes large amounts of data to assist managers in business decision-making. For the home care world, decision support systems help make sense of the wealth of data that agencies generate in response to Outcome and Assessment Information Set forms and prospective payment system claims.

Benchmarking↗

PubMed2002

Evaluation of non-point sources pollution impacts by integrated 3S information technologies and GWLF modelling.

Assessing the potential of non-point source pollution to assist in the planning of Best Management Practice (BMP) is significant for improving pollution prevention and control in a river basin. In many cases, however, the grid-based modelling analysis is prohibitively laborious and hindered because of insufficient information. This paper presents a new and fast methodology for catchment land-use identification and waste load estimation by properly integrating the skills of remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), and the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model. In this analysis, eight types of land-use patterns in the watershed area of the Kao-Ping River Basin were classified with the aid of SPOT satellite images, Erdas Imagine image processing system, and ArcView GIS system. Hydrologic and geographical features were obtained or derived by the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and GIS technique simultaneously. The GWLF model was used to estimate the waste loads of non-point sources in terms of the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). It shows that the variations of TN and TP loadings are closely related to the amount of rainfall over seasons. Final managerial policy can be made with respect to the identified three impact levels of nutrient loadings in the Kao-Ping River Basin, southern Taiwan, which could eventually perform as part of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study in this region.

Ecosystem↗

PubMed2003

Emissions reductions as a result of automobile improvement.

Remote sensing of light duty vehicle on-road tailpipe exhaust has been used to measure on-road mass emissions of automobile fleets in Denver for 13 years and in two other U.S. cities for 5 years. Analysis of these fleets shows that newer automobiles, during a period of fairly constant new car standards, have become continually less polluting independent of measurement location. Improving emissions control technology spurred by federal regulations is thought to have brought about these trends.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1998

Satellite observations of Lava Lake activity at Nyiragongo volcano, ex-Zaire, during the Rwandan refugee crisis.

In June 1994 the summit crater of Nyiragongo volcano, located in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, began to fill with new lava, ending nearly 12 years of quiescence. An earlier eruption of the volcano in 1977 had culminated in the catastrophic draining of a lava lake through fissures in the crater wall, feeding highly mobile lava flows which reached the outskirts of Goma and killed more than 70 people. By July 1994, as many as 20,000 Hutu refugees were arriving in Goma every hour, only 18 km south from the summit of Nyiragongo. The exodus brought more than one million people to the camps near the town raising fears of a repeat of the 1977 eruption. This paper examines the role that satellite remote sensing could have played in surveillance of the volcano during this time, and demonstrates the potential for monitoring this and other volcanoes in the future. Images recorded by the spaceborne Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)--freely available over the Internet--provide semi-quantitative information on the activity of the volcano. The aim of this paper is to promote the wider use of readily available technologies.

Democratic Republic of the Congo↗

PubMed1991

Electrotactile and vibrotactile displays for sensory substitution systems.

Sensory substitution systems provide their users with environmental information through a human sensory channel (eye, ear, or skin) different from that normally used, or with the information processed in some useful way. We review the methods used to present visual, auditory, and modified tactile information to the skin. First, we discuss present and potential future applications of sensory substitution, including tactile vision substitution (TVS), tactile auditory substitution, and remote tactile sensing or feedback (teletouch). Next, we review the relevant sensory physiology of the skin, including both the mechanisms of normal touch and the mechanisms and sensations associated with electrical stimulation of the skin using surface electrodes (electrotactile (also called electrocutaneous) stimulation). We briefly summarize the information-processing ability of the tactile sense and its relevance to sensory substitution. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current tactile display technologies and suggest areas requiring further research for sensory substitution systems to become more practical.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2003

Development of airborne oil thickness measurements.

A laboratory sensor has now been developed to measure the absolute thickness of oil on water slicks. This prototype oil slick thickness measurement system is known as the laser-ultrasonic remote sensing of oil thickness (LURSOT) sensor. This laser opto-acoustic sensor is the initial step in the ultimate goal of providing an airborne sensor with the ability to remotely measure oil-on-water slick thickness. The LURSOT sensor employs three lasers to produce and measure the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves in oil and hence provide a direct measurement of oil slick thickness. The successful application of this technology to the measurement of oil slick thickness will benefit the scientific community as a whole by providing information about the dynamics of oil slick spreading and the spill responder by providing a measurement of the effectiveness of spill countermeasures such as dispersant application and in situ burning. This paper will provide a review of early developments and discuss the current state-of-the-art in the field of oil slick thickness measurement.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2005

Disease mapping and risk assessment in veterinary parasitology: some case studies.

Disease mapping and risk assessment are important tasks in the area of medical and veterinary epidemiology. The development of methods for mapping diseases has progressed considerably in recent years. Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Spatial Analysis represent new tools for the study of epidemiology, and their application to parasitology has become more and more advanced, in particular to study the spatial and temporal patterns of diseases. The present review highlights the usefulness of GIS and RS in veterinary parasitology in order to better know the epidemiology of parasite organisms, causing either snail/arthropod borne diseases or direct transmissible diseases, mostly in small areas with a strong impact by man. It demonstrates the potential of these technologies to serve as effective tools for: data capture, mapping and analysis for the development of descriptive parasitological maps; studying the environmental features that influence the distribution of parasites; predicting parasite occurrence/seasonality based on their environmental requirements and as decision support for disease intervention; and surveillance and monitoring of animal diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Development of soil-covered SBR process for small scale sewage treatment.

Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, mainly from the households in residential areas are responsible for eutrophication occurring in lakes or estuaries. In Korea, there is a growing trend for villages in the countryside, rest areas of express ways, military unit bases, etc. to use small scale sewage treatment plants (SSTPs). However, the technological developments have mainly focused on medium or large scale sewage treatment plants, leaving a gap in the development of technologies for SSTPs without a residing operator. In this study, a soil-covered sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process for SSTPs in combination with a natural purification technology is developed to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic contamination (BOD), and the results are as follows: (1) the removal rates of BOD, total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P) and suspended solids (SS) are 93%, 74%, 80% and 95%, respectively, (2) the soil-covered SBR process without the decanter used for effluent discharge is similar to other SBR processes in suspended solids removal rate, and (3) the performance of the field pilot plant was monitored by remote sensing system in real time, and the results show that this system can be applied to SSTPs with no residing operators.

Bioreactors↗

PubMed2006

A review of magnetic resonance imaging compatible manipulators in surgery.

Developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), coupled with parallel progress in the field of computer-assisted surgery, mean that an ideal environment has been created for the development of MRI-compatible robotic systems and manipulators, capable of enhancing many types of surgical procedure. However, MRI does impose severe restrictions on mechatronic devices to be used in or around the scanners. In this article a review of the developments in the field of MRI-compatible surgical manipulators over the last decade is presented. The manipulators developed make use of different methods of actuation, but they can be reduced to four main groups: actuation transmitted through hydraulics, pneumatic actuators, ultrasonic motors based on the piezoceramic principle and remote manual actuation. Progress has been made concerning material selection, position sensing, and different actuation techniques, and design strategies have been implemented to overcome the multiple restrictions imposed by the MRI environment. Most systems lack the clinical validation needed to continue on to commercial products.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed2006

Patients' perceptions of joint teleconsultations: a qualitative evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient perceptions of joint teleconsultations (JTC), with particular reference to reasons underlying, and factors contributing to, patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with this mode of health delivery. BACKGROUND: Telemedicine has been welcomed as one way of improving health-care delivery, by improving patient access to secondary care and specialist services hence widening patient choice, particularly for patients outside major conurbations. However, a recent systematic review found currently available data on patient satisfaction with telemedicine to be methodologically flawed. Qualitative evaluations offer the opportunity to elucidate the details of patient satisfaction with this mode of health-care delivery. DESIGN: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sample of 28 participants of a major randomized controlled trial (Virtual Outreach study) of JTC conducted in one urban and one rural area in Britain. INTERVENTION: Joint teleconferenced consultations with the patient, patient's general practitioner (GP), and a hospital specialist. The patient and GP were sited in the local practice, while the hospital specialist was in the hospital outpatient department, and the two parties were connected by an ISDN2 link and video-conferencing software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient experiences of JTC, with particular reference to reasons underlying, and factors contributing to, overall satisfaction or dissatisfaction. RESULTS: Two major themes were identified: customer care and doctor-patient interaction. Patients appreciated the customer care aspects of JTC, particularly the enhanced convenience, reduced costs and improved punctuality associated with JTC. However, there were divergent views about the doctor-patient interactions with some patients expressing a sense of alienation arising from the use of technology, and problems with doctor-patient communication. CONCLUSIONS: These data add significantly to the existing literature on patient satisfaction with telemedicine, by elucidating the factors underlying overall satisfaction scores and hence have implications for future service delivery and implementation of telemedicine.

England↗

PubMed2004

The economics of telerehabilitation.

This paper is an analysis of the economics of physical telerehabilitation, at home, in the clinic, and at work. This study was a precursor to generating a business case for manufacturing telerehabilitation systems. Pilot studies were performed and structured interviews conducted with providers, payers, patients, and employers. The data obtained were analyzed, in conjunction with published data, to understand the economics with respect to parameters such as lost opportunity costs at work, faster rehabilitation, and cost savings to patients, providers, payers, and employers. The results showed that telerehabilitation has a positive business case with respect to all the stakeholders. The ability to quantify and analyze data from patients remotely is convenient and economical to providers. Patients benefit by getting back to their normal activities faster, both at home as well as work. Telerehabilitation at work allows employees to be treated at work without having to take time to go to a clinic. Lost opportunity costs for employers are minimized when workers return to work faster and are treated onsite. The ability to measure progress quantitatively is beneficial for patients, providers, payers, and employers. Additionally, malingering can be detected and eradicated using telerehabilitation. Proper application of appropriate telerehabilitation technologies makes eminent economical sense. There is a strong business case for the application of telerehabilitation, onsite, in large corporations and therefore is profitable to medical device manufacturers.

California↗