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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

[The role of Kupffer cells on the postburn production of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in severely scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of Kupffer cells in the postburn production of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in severely scalded rats. METHODS: (1) The production of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 from rat Kupffer cells stimulated by burn serum was observed. (2) The postburn change in the expression of cytokine mRNA from rat Kupffer cells was monitored. (3) The change in the plasma cytokine contents in scalded rats was determined after the application of gadolinium chloride, a specific inhibitor of Kupffer cells. RESULTS: Kupffer cells could be stimulated by burn serum to release cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. The mRNA expression of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 from rat Kupffer cells increased significantly after injury. But the postburn plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 decreased obviously to 34.71%, 36.99% and 33.7% of those in scalding group, respectively, after the Kupffer cell activity was inhibited. CONCLUSION: The plasma cytokines, i.e. TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, were primarily produced from Kupffer cells after injury in scalded rats, initiated by TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA transcription.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[The postburn change in hypothalamic paraventricular beta-endorphin and the roles of delta-receptor in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the postburn change in hypothalamic paraventricular beta-endorphin and the roles of delta-receptor in scalded rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. ICI174864, DPDPE and control groups. The rats were inflicted with 20% TBSA of III degree scalding on the back by boiling (100 degrees ) water. The postburn change in the tissue content of the hypothalamic paraventricular beta-endorphin was determined by radioimmuno assay (RIA). The effects of delta-receptor in scalded shock rats were investigated by observing the change of the rats'survival time and cardiac indices after the micro-injection of delta-receptor agonist DPDPE or antagonist ICI174864 into the hypothalamic paraventricle. RESULTS: (1) The tissue content of the hypothalamic paraventricular beta-endorphin increased significantly (P < 0.01) at 1, 2 and 4 postburn hours (PBHs) in the scalded rats. (2) When compared with that of control group, the ratio of the cardiovascular parameters [mean arterial pressure (MAP), dp/dt(max) and HR] were obviously increased at different time points in rats with pre-injection of ICI174864 whereas the ratio was decreased when DPDPE was used. Nevertheless, the change in the heart rate ratio was not obvious whether ICI174864 or DPDPE was used. (3) The average animal survival time in ICI174864 group was much longer than that in DPDPE group. CONCLUSION: An excessive increase in hypothalamic paraventricular beta-endorphin was one of the factors leading to the aggravation of burn shock and earlier death. delta-receptor located in the tissue might have played important roles in the mediation of the action of hypothalamic paraventricular beta-endorphin. It is beneficial to antagonize the action of delta-receptor for the correction of burn shock and for the prolongation of the of life of animals.

Analgesics, Opioid↗

PubMed2002

[Effect of different nutritional routes on the intestinal mucus barrier in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different nutritional routes of giving nutrition on the intestinal mucus barrier in severely scalded rats. METHODS: Wistar rats inflicted with 30% TBSA III degree scalding on the back were employed as the model and were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. control (C), parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) groups. The rats in PN and EN groups were supplied with equal amount of nitrogen and calories and with equal volume of nutrition solution. The dynamic changes in the thickness of intestinal mucus layer and the contents of protein, hexose and acetylneuraminate in the mucus were examined. RESULTS: When compared with those in C group, the intestinal mucus layer became thinner and the contents of protein, hexose and acetylneuraminate in the mucus in both PN and EN groups decreased evidently after scalding. When compared between two nutritional groups, the thickness of intestinal mucus layer and the contents of the hexose and acetylneuraminate in the mucus in EN were much thicker and higher than those in PN group, while the mucus protein content exhibited no obvious difference between PN and EN groups. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that intestinal goblet cell synthesized and secreted less mucus after scalding in rats resulting in thinning of intestinal mucus layer and the change in mucus components. When compared with those in PN group, less injury to the intestinal goblet cells occurred and the intestinal mucus synthesis was less affected in EN group, and the components of intestinal mucus were maintained stable.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[An experimental study on the prevention and treatment of postburn intestinal injury and bacterial translocation by Sijunzi decoction in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Sijunzi decoction on amelioration of postburn intestinal injury in scalded rats. METHODS: One hundred and eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. scald and treatment (T), scald control (S) and normal control (C) groups. The rats in T group were gavaged with the decoction consisting of tangshen, tuckahoe, large head atractylodes rhizome, glycyrrhizic and rhubarb in a dose of 2 ml twice daily, while the rats in C group were just gavaged with the same amount of distilled water. The rats were sacrificed according to the scheduled postburn observation timepoints. The contents of TNF, NO, MDA and ATPase activity in rat plasma and the intestinal mucosa and the S-IgA content in the intestinal mucus were determined respectively. The changes in histopathology of intestinal mucosa were observed. The samples from internal organ tissue and blood were obtained for bacterial culture. RESULTS: The contents of TNF, NO and MDA in the intestinal mucosa tissue and the rat plasma in scalded rats were lowered significantly by Sijunzi decoction. Furthermore, S-IgA secretion from intestinal mucous cells was maintained by Sijunzi decoction. T cell count was recovered and intestinal mucous barrier injury were lessened, and the bacterial positive rate in the internal organs was decreased. CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Sijunzi decoction might be helpful in alleviation of postburn intestinal injury and in the prevention of intestinal bacterial translocation.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[The postburn changes in gastric mucosal blood flow and Na+-K+-ATPase activity and their effects on gastric transmucosal potential difference in severely scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the postburn changes in gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and their effects on gastric transmucosal potential difference (GTPD) in severely scalded rats. METHODS: Rats were inflicted with hot water scald on the back. Laser Doppler blood flow meter, electric physiological recorder meter and biochemical method were employed in the study to determine the changes in GMBF, GTPD and gastric mucosal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the rats before injury and at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 PBHs. Normal rats served as controls, The above indices were also detected at the corresponding time points. All the data was collected and analyzed for their correlation. RESULTS: The GMBF and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was at 3 - 24 PBHs were evidently lower in the scalded rats than those in controls (P < 0.05 - 0.01). GTPD was decreased significantly at 6 - 48 PBHs (P < 0.05 - 0.01). was above three indices reached the lowest values at 12 PBH. By correlation analysis the results indicated that the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity The decreased in accordance with a decrease in GMBF (r = 0.527, P < 0.01). The GTPD decrease could both be induced by GMBF decrease and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity decrease (r = 0.453 and 0.527, respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The decrease in GMBF and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity occurred in severely scalded rats, both changes might be the major cause of postburn gastric mucosal barrier injury.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Influence of glucagon-like peptide-2 on the proliferation of the intestinal mucosal cells in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on the proliferation of the intestinal mucosal cells in scalded rats. METHODS: Fifty-five Wistar rats were employed in the study and were randomly divided into normal control (C), simple scald (S) and scald with GLP-2 treatment (G) groups. The rats in G group received GLP-2 introperitoneally in a dose of 200 micro g/kg two times a day. The rats in S and G groups were sacrificed at 6 postburn hours (PBHs), 12 PBHs, 1 postburn day (PBD1), PBD3 and PBD5 and the rats in C group were also sacrificed. Plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, cell cycle protein cyclin D expression and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in all groups were determined. And the histological change in the intestinal mucosal tissue was observed simultaneously. with all the above determinations. RESULTS: Compared with those in C group, the PCNA expression at 6 and 12 PBHs in S group was enhanced slightly and weakened at PBD1, reaching the lowest level at PBD3 and it was still lower than that in C group at PBD5. Changes in PCNA in G group were similar to that in S group, except that the expression at PBD3 and PBD5 was stronger than that in S group. The intestinal mucosal cyclin D protein expression was increased at 6 and 12 PBHs in S group, but decreased by 40% before injury at PBD1. Nevertheless, the cyclin D protein expression in G group was much higher than that in S group at PBD1, PBD3 and PBD5. The plasma DAO activity increased significantly in rats after burn injury. But the activity decreased obviously after GLP-2 treatment for 5 days (P < 0.01). It was observed histologically in G group that the lining of Exogenous intestinal villi was regular and well arranged without evident epithelial exfoliation. CONCLUSION: Exogenous GLP-2 might ameliorate intestinal mucosal injury in scalded rats, and promotion of the expression of PCNA and cyclin D, resulting in proliferation of injured intestinal mucosal cells, might be the underlying mechanisms.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Studies on the changes in expression of hypoxia induction factor-1alpha in myocardial tissue in severely scalded rats during early postburn stage].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in the expression of hypoxia induction factor-1alpha (HIF1-alpha) in myocardial tissues in severely scalded rats during early postburn stage. METHODS: Male Wistar rats inflicted with 40% TBSA III degree scald were employed as the model. The myocardial tissue samples were harvested from the left and right ventricles at different postburn time points, and samples were also obtained from normal rats as control. The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1alpha in rat myocardial tissue were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively. RESULTS: There was a difference of HIF-1alpha expression between left and right ventricles of the normal rats at both transcriptional and translational levels, and the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1alpha in the myocardial tissue of scalded rats were increased dramatically at early postburn stage. CONCLUSION: The tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia of the rat left ventricle was higher than that of the right ventricle under normal condition. An increase in HIF1alpha expression in rat myocardial tissue could be induced in severely scalded rats.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[The influence of topical application of insulin on the formation of basement membrane in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of topical application of insulin on the formation of basement membrane (BM) in rats with deep partial thickness scald. METHODS: Ninety-six SD rats were inflicted with deep partial thickness scald on the back and were randomized into A group (n = 48, with subcutaneous injection of 2 ml of isotonic saline on the 1 post scald day (PSD)) and B group (n = 48, with subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U of insulin and 2 ml of isotonic saline on the 1 PSD). The rats received the treatment every other day until wound re-epithelization completed. Then the rats were sacrificed on 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 14 PSD, and on the day when the wound re-epithelialized completely. The skin samples of 1 cm in width were harvested at the edge of the wound for reticular fiber staining and for morphological observation of the wound BM with transmission electron microscope. The expression of laminin-5 mRNA and laminin in keratinocyte was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Integrated and continuous structure of the basement membrane was observed in B group. Laminin-5 mRNA expression was much higher in B group than that in A group on 10 and 14 PSD (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Laminin-5 mRNA expression was decreased in both groups when epithelialization completed. But the Laminin-5 protein expression on 14 PSD and the day of epithelization (56 +/- 8, 101 +/- 13) was obviously higher in B group than that in A group (39 +/- 5, 73 +/- 16), (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U insulin beneath the scald wound is beneficial to the acceleration of the wound re-epithelialization process, and to the improvement of the wound healing quality.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Effects of extract of dilong (pheretima) on the scalded skin in rats.

In order to investigate the effects of extract of Dilong (Pheretima) on the skin viability and lipid peroxidation after deep degree II scalds, the extract of Dilong (Pheretima) at two concentrations (5%, 10%) were respectively applied to the surface of wound. The oxygen consumption, the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, the Schiff's base content, and the healing time of wound surface were determined in Wistar rats at the 8th, 24th, 48th and 72th hour after scalds, with SD-Ag used as controls. The results indicated that the oxygen consumption and SDH activity decreased, and the schiff's base content increased after the scalds. After the application of the extract of Dilong, the oxygen consumption and SDH activity increased, and the schiff's base content decreased significantly as compared with the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the mean healing time of the wound surface was five days in advance in the two treatment groups as compared with the control group. It is suggested that the scalds are related with lipid peroxdation to a certain extent, and the extract of Dilong has actions of attenuating lipid peroxidation, and promoting healing of the wound.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Effect of lethal scald on the mechanisms of acute-phase protein synthesis in rat liver.

Acute-phase protein (APR) synthesis was studied under conditions in which the acute-phase response to a sublethal scald was interrupted at the onset of APR synthesis by the infliction of a second scald that overwhelmed the defense mechanisms. The rate of APR synthesis increased shortly after the second scald and then declined rapidly to the control level. At this time point, APR messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations exceeded severalfold the control values, whereas the APR gene transcription rates fell to the control level. These mRNAs were active in APR synthesis in a cell-free system, as well as in hepatocytes grown in a standard culture medium. These results and those demonstrating a drop in the free amino acid pool level in the liver after the second scald suggested that the lethal outcome was preceded by an impaired supply of liver cells with amino acids and resulting inhibition of APR mRNA translation. Changes in amino acid transport were considered to occur secondarily to those causing hypovolemia and circulatory shock.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗

PubMed1994

[The effects of severe scald on the Leydig cells of testes in rats].

The changes in Leydig cells of testes were studied in rats inflicted with 30% third degree scald. Light and electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry of 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) determination of the relative activity of 3 beta-HSD, and assay of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were dynamically made for 30 days. It was found that there was various degree of degeneration and necrosis of Leydig cells. The activity of 3 beta-HSD in Leydig cells was rapidly reduced and remained at a relatively low level on the 30th day after scald. The serum level of testosterone was decreased rapidly and remained at a comparatively low level on the 30th day after scald. No significant changes in serum luteinizing hormone were observed. The results suggest that decreased in serum testosterone after scald might be the result of damage of the Leydig cells and increase in glucocorticoids.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1993

[Scalding injuries in children].

During the years 1989-91, 88 children were hospitalized in the Burn Unit. 60 children, of whom 57 were under five years of age, suffered from scalds. All of the injuries happened at home and nearly 60% of the children received immediate treatment with cold water. The causes of the scalds were hot tap water, tea, coffee or boiling water. Half of the children did not need surgery and stayed in the unit from one to 61 days. Information on burns and scalds prevention and first aid must be given to parents at the Health Care Centres, on radio and TV, and in the newspapers. In order to reduce scalds from hot tap water, legislation should be considered which would limit the temperature of such water to maximum 60 degrees C. Health personnel who meet these problems should present the above information to the politicians.

Accidents, Home↗

PubMed1996

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an immunocompromised adult.

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, a generalized exfoliative dermatitis complicating infections by exfoliative toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, is rarely observed in adults. In contrast to mortality in infants, mortality in adults is usually high. A case of generalized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an immunocompromised woman is reported. Culture of skin biopsy and pleural fluid yielded identical strains of staphylococcus aureus belonging to phage group II. Exfoliative toxins A and B were detected in both isolates. As far as can be determined, this is the first reported case of generalized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an adult with detection of exfoliate toxins A and B in which the patient was treated successfully.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Neonatal Pseudomonas putida infection presenting as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

A case of neonatal Pseudomonas putida sepsis presenting as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is described. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a clinical term used for a spectrum of primarily neonatal blistering skin disorders caused by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. The disease typically begins with general erythema and fever, followed by the formation of large fluid-filled bullae that coalesce and rupture on slightest pressure to leave extensive areas of denuded skin. The 9-day-old male infant described presented with a generalised non-tender, macular, erythematous rash that later developed into large, flaccid, clear fluid-filled bullae to leave extensive erythematous, weeping, and denuded areas covering over 90% of the total body surface. Despite aggressive antibiotic and symptomatic treatment, he died 11 days after admission. While Pseudomonas infections may present with vesico-bullous eruptions, this is believed to be the first case of neonatal Pseudomonas putida sepsis presenting as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

Ceftazidime↗

PubMed2001

Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in a very low birth weight premature infant.

Exfoliative skin diseases are rare in neonates. When caused by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, scalded-skin diseases such as staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), bullous impetigo, and staphylococcal scarlet fever may develop. These diseases might cause significant complications and mortality. SSSS is caused by staphylococcal exfoliative toxins A or B, which split the granular layer of the skin, induce proteolysis, and might exhibit superantigen activities, such as epidermolysis and lymphocyte mitogenicity. We describe a 1378-g premature male infant who was born at 29 weeks' gestation and developed SSSS on day 3 of life, with no clinical signs of neonatal sepsis. After cultures from the lesion and bloodstream were obtained, intravenous cloxacillin therapy was started. Infection control measures were implemented instantly and included isolation of the infected infant, personnel handwashing with hexachlorophene, and placement of exposed neonates into a cohort. The initial lesion expanded and additional lesions appeared, but 12 hours after initiation of antibacterial therapy, the lesions ceased to proliferate. Cultures from scalded-skin lesions grew coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the bloodstream culture was sterile. The lesions resolved completely within 6 days, and the infant's subsequent course was uneventful. No similar skin lesions were noticed in other infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. We discuss recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neonatal SSSS, highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, and stress the need for new adjunctive therapies for this disease.

Coagulase↗

PubMed2004

Treatment of bullous impetigo and the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in infants.

Impetigo is a common, superficial, bacterial infection of the skin characterized by an inflamed and infected epidermis. The rarer variant, bullous impetigo, is characterized by fragile fluid-filled vesicles and flaccid blisters and is invariably caused by pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Bullous impetigo is at the mild end of a spectrum of blistering skin diseases caused by a staphylococcal exfoliative toxin that, at the other extreme, is represented by widespread painful blistering and superficial denudation (the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome). In bullous impetigo, the exfoliative toxins are restricted to the area of infection, and bacteria can be cultured from the blister contents. In staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome the exfoliative toxins are spread hematogenously from a localized source causing widespread epidermal damage at distant sites. Both occur more commonly in children under 5 years of age and particularly in neonates. It is important to swab the skin for bacteriological confirmation and antibiotic sensitivities and, in the case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, to identify the primary focus of infection. Topical therapy should constitute either fusidic acid (Fucidin, Leo Pharma Ltd) as a first-line treatment, or mupirocin (Bactroban, GlaxoSmithKline) in proven cases of bacterial resistance. First-line systemic therapy is oral or intravenous flucloxacillin (Floxapen, GlaxoSmithKline). Nasal swabs from the patient and immediate relatives should be performed to identify asymptomatic nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. In the case of outbreaks on wards and in nurseries, healthcare professionals should also be swabbed.

Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMed1991

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a woman with chronic renal failure exposed to human immunodeficiency virus.

A twenty-eight-year-old woman seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus and undergoing hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease sustained an infection of her arteriovenous graft. Multiple erythematous erosions appeared and a diagnosis of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome was made when a frozen section of a fresh skin peel revealed an intraepidermal split through the granular layer and Staphylococcus aureus group II, phage type 71 was cultured from the wound and blood. Twenty-six cases of adult patients with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome have been reported. Although this includes one patient with AIDS-related complex, this is the first case of an adult with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome who showed seropositive results of testing for human immunodeficiency virus.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. A complication of circumcision.

Numerous complications have been reported as a result of neonatal circumcision. We describe here three cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome that were thought to be due to infected circumcisions. A review of the literature failed to disclose descriptions of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome as such a complication. In spite of recent American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations against routine circumcision, it will continue to be a common procedure. Careful preoperative and postoperative screening and guidance are urged to prevent staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and other complications.

Circumcision, Male↗