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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Molecular basis of arthropod cross-reactivity: IgE-binding cross-reactive epitopes of shrimp, house dust mite and cockroach tropomyosins.

BACKGROUND: Shrimp may cross-react with other crustaceans and mollusks and nonedible arthropods such as insects (cockroach and chironomids), arachnids (house dust mites) and even nematodes. Since the muscle protein tropomyosin has been implicated as a possible cross-reacting allergen, this study characterized the IgE-binding epitopes in shrimp tropomyosin, Pen a 1, that cross-react with other allergenic invertebrate tropomyosins in house dust mites (Der p 10, Der f 10) and cockroaches (Per a 7). Pen a 1-reactive sera from shrimp-allergic subjects were used to evaluate the effect on IgE binding of different amino acid substitutions in Pen a 1 epitopes based on homologous sequences in Per a 7 and Der p 10/Der f 10. METHODS: Peptides were synthesized spanning the length of Pen a 1 IgE-binding epitopes and amino acid substitutions were performed based on homologous amino acid sequences from Per a 7 and Der p 10/Der f 10. RESULTS: 7/8 individually recognized Pen a 1 epitopes (2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5a, 5b and 5c) had an identical amino acid sequence with lobster allergen, Hom a 1, 4/8 (3a, 3b, 4 and 5a) with Der p 10 and Der f 10, and 5/8 (2, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5a) with Per a 7. In addition, even homologous regions of other arthropod tropomyosins that differ in one or more amino acids from the sequences of Pen a 1 epitopes are still recognized by shrimp-allergic IgE antibodies. In total, shrimp-allergic sera recognize 6/8 peptides homologous to Pen a 1 epitopes in Per a 7, 7/8 in Der p 10/Der f 10, and 7/8 epitopes in Hom a 1. CONCLUSIONS: The IgE recognition by shrimp-allergic individuals of identified and/or similar amino acid sequences homologous to Pen a 1 epitopes in mite, cockroach and lobster tropomyosins are the basis of the in vitro cross-reactivity among invertebrate species. Based on amino acid sequence similarity and epitope reactivity, lobster tropomyosin has the strongest and cockroach the least cross-reactivity with shrimp. The clinical relevance of these cross-reactivities in developing allergic reactions to different arthropods needs to be determined.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of recombinant shrimp allergen Pen a 1 (tropomyosin).

Tropomyosin (Pen a 1) from brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus, has been identified as the only major shrimp allergen. Since beef, pork and chicken are other tropomyosin-containing foods that are not very allergenic, tropomyosins can serve to investigate the contribution of the structural properties of a protein to its allergenicity. The aim of this study was to determine the primary structure of Pen a 1 and to identify IgE-binding epitopes. The screening of a unidirectional expression cDNA library from shrimp tail muscle with the Pen-a-1-specific monoclonal antibody 4.9.5 resulted in 4 positive Escherichia coli clones. Immunoblot analysis with human sera from shrimp-allergic subjects demonstrated IgE binding of all 4 recombinant shrimp proteins. Three of 4 expressed recombinant proteins have a molecular weight of approximately 36 kD, consistent with the molecular weight of natural Pen a 1. The DNA sequence analysis identified these recombinant shrimp proteins as tropomyosin and could be aligned with the sequence of greasyback shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis) tropomyosin (Met e 1). In order to characterize contiguous IgE-binding epitopes of Pen a 1, a peptide library (Novagen epitope mapping system) expressing 10-30 amino-acid-residue-long recombinant Pen a 1 peptides was constructed and screened with human IgE. Four recombinant, IgE-reactive Pen a 1 peptides were selected and sequenced. They show various degrees of sequence identity with tropomyosins of other arthropods, such as fruitfly and house dust mite, helminths and vertebrates.

Allergens↗

PubMed2001

Detection and quantification of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus in penaeid shrimp by real-time PCR.

A real-time PCR method using a fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay and a PE Applied Biosystems GeneAmp 5700 sequence detector was developed to detect infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in penaeid shrimp. A pair of PCR primers to amplify an 81 bp DNA fragment and a fluorogenic probe (TaqMan probe) were selected from ORF1 (open reading frame 1) of the IHHNV genome. The primers and TaqMan probe used in this assay were shown to be specific for IHHNV and did not react with either hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV), white-spot syndrome virus (WSSV), or shrimp DNA. A plasmid, pIHHNV-P4, containing the target IHHNV sequence was constructed and used as a positive control. The concentration of pIHHNV-P4 was determined through spectrophotometric analysis and the plasmid was used for quantitative studies. This real-time PCR assay had a detection limit of 10 copies and a log-linear range up to 5 x 10(7) copies of IHHNV DNA. The assay was then used to quantify IHHNV in infected shrimp collected from 5 locations: Hawaii, Panama, Mexico, Guam, and the Philippines. The quantitative analysis showed that wild-caught, large juvenile Penaeus stylirostris collected from the Gulf of California (Mexico) in 1996 were naturally infected with IHHNV and contained up to 10(9) copies of IHHNV microg(-1) of DNA. Similar quantities of IHHNV were detected in hatchery-raised, small juvenile P. stylirostris collected from Guam in 1995 and in farm-raised, post-larval P. monodon from the Philippines in 1996. Laboratory-infected P. stylirostris contained approximately 10(8) copies of IHHNV 31 d after being fed with IHHNV-infected shrimp tissue. In contrast, individuals of Super Shrimp, a line of P. stylirostris selected for IHHNV resistance, showed no signs of infection 32 d after ingesting IHHNV-infected shrimp tissue. Laboratory-infected P. vannamei also contained approximately 10(8) copies of IHHNV 30 d after being fed infected shrimp tissue. A time-course study of IHHNV replication in juvenile P. vannamei showed that the doubling time in the exponential growth phase was approximately 22 h.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Enhanced growth and resistance to Vibrio challenge in pond-reared black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon fed a Bacillus probiotic.

The bacterial probiont Bacillus S11 (BS11) was used as a supplement in feed (PF) for black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in 2 earthen pond field-trials carried out for 100 d during 2 different seasons in Thailand. Growth and survival were compared with those of shrimp receiving an unsupplemented feed (UF). In the hot and cool seasons, respectively, shrimp fed PF grew significantly larger and had significantly higher survival than shrimp fed UF (p < 0.05). Projected yields on an annual basis (two 100 d crops) were 49% greater with PF-fed shrimp. In 8 d challenge tests using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio harveyi 1526, shrimp fed UF all died within 6 d while survival for shrimp fed PF was 5 and 9%.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2004

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi cause detachment of the epithelium from the midgut trunk of the penaeid shrimp Sicyonia ingentis.

Shrimp Sicyonia ingentis were either injected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (10(4) CFU) or V. harveyi (10(6) CFU) or immersed in ASW containing either species at 10(5) CFU ml(-1). These densities were shown in preliminary experiments to kill approximately half the population by 7 d. On Day 7, surviving shrimp were classified as either diseased or apparently healthy, and their midgut trunks (MGT) were examined by light and electron microscopy. All shrimp immersed in ASW containing either species of Vibrio showed detachment of the epithelium in the MGT. In shrimp injected with either species of Vibrio, epithelial detachment was common in diseased shrimp but not in apparently healthy animals. Experiments with live shrimp were supported by in vitro experiments where MGTs were removed, tied off at both ends, and injected with either pathogenic bacteria (V. parahaemolyticus or V. harveyi), non-pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli), or ASW. After 2 h incubations in ASW at 15 degrees C, the MGTs were processed and examined. The epithelium consistently detached from isolated MGTs injected with either species of Vibrio, but not from MGTs injected with non-pathogenic bacteria or ASW. Because the MGT epithelium secretes the peritrophic membrane, loss of the epithelium eliminates 2 layers that may restrict penetration of ingested pathogens into the shrimp body and may disrupt the osmoregulatory function of the MGT. A second finding was that fixed, large-granule hemocytes associated with the basal lamina degranulated in the presence of the 2 species of Vibrio, but not with the non-pathogenic bacteria or ASW. These blood cells may help fight specific bacteria penetrating the MGT.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Putrescine, cadaverine, and indole production by bacteria isolated from wild and aquacultured penaeid shrimp stored at 0, 12, 24, and 36 degrees C.

Putrescine, cadaverine, and indole production capabilities of bacteria isolated from wild domestic and aquacultured Ni-caraguan penaeid shrimp in progressive decomposition states were evaluated. The numbers and types of microorganisms responsible for the production of putrescine, cadaverine, and indole in wild and aquacultured shrimp increased with increasing decomposition temperature and time. Throughout the storage experiments, mean aerobic plate counts (log/g) ranged from 4.5 to 9.7 and 4.5 to 9.0 for domestic and Nicaraguan shrimp, respectively. Vibrio spp. were more prominent in Nicaraguan shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) than in domestic shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus and Litopenaeus brasiliensis). The only amine-producing (putrescine) microorganism isolated from wild and aquacultured shrimp at all temperatures of decomposition (0, 12, 24, and 36 degrees C) was Shewanella putrefaciens. On the basis of putrescine production by S. putrefaciens at 0 and 12 degrees C and putrescine production by S. putrefaciens, Vibrio spp., and Morganella morganii at 24 and 36 degrees C, putrescine should be considered a potential chemical indicator of decomposition in shrimp.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[A case of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis induced by shrimp].

The clinical study and in vitro study used with leukocytes were made of a case of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis induced by shrimp. A 26-year-old man experienced anaphylactic reaction of nasal obstruction, face edema and dyspnea while running 90 minutes after eating shrimp. He experienced similar episodes two years ago in his past history. IgE-RAST was positive for shrimp. Anaphylactic reaction and elevation of plasma histamine levels were verified by exercise challenge test after eating 100 g shrimp. At the same time, we verified the dedine of plasma cAMP levels after eating shrimp. In leukocyte stimulating test used with shrimp antigen, histamine level elevations, which were lower compared with calcium ionophore A23187 (Ca I 10(-6) M) stimulation, were recognized in dose dependent manner in this patient. But in normal subject, histamine level elevations were not recognized. We diagnosed him food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. It was suggested that there was relation between histamine release and decline of cAMP levels of plasma after eating shrimp in this case.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Glucan-induced disease resistance in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).

Non-specific disease resistance induced by yeast cell wall extract, beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, was demonstrated in the tiger shrimp. In this study beta-1,3-1,6-glucan was administered to shrimps by immersion before culturing and orally during the culturing period. Challenge of the treated shrimps with the virulent pathogens, Vibrio vulnificus and viral agents extracted from the white spot syndrome victims, yielded promising results. The tolerance of glucan-treated shrimps was slightly enhanced to stresses including catching, transport and ammonia. The growth and survival rates of treated and untreated shrimps were not significantly different. Therefore, we suggest that beta-1,3-1,6-glucan can be used as an immuno-stimulant of cultured shrimps and may benefit shrimp farmers.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1998

Cloning of a cDNA encoding a putative molt-inhibiting hormone from the eyestalk of the sand shrimp Metapenaeus ensis.

Degenerate primers were designed from the amino acid sequence of the neuropeptide Pej-SGP-IV of the shrimp Penaeus japonicus. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using eyestalk complementary DNA of the sand shrimp Metapenaeus ensis. A partial cDNA that codes for a protein homologous to the neuropeptide Pej-SG-IV was cloned. The partial cDNA was used as a probe to screen the eyestalk cDNA library. Several cDNA clones with nucleotide sequence identical to the partial cDNA were isolated. The largest cDNA is 957 bp with an open reading frame consisting of a coding sequence 315 bp in length. The deduced amino acid of the neuropeptide consists of 77 amino acids and is preceded by a signal peptide of 28 amino acids. Because the deduced amino acid sequence of the shrimp cDNA is highly homologous to the Pej-SGP-IV of P. japonicus (which is molt inhibiting) and to other crustaceans' molt-inhibiting hormones (MIHs), the shrimp neuropeptide is tentatively called MeMIH. Northern blot analysis and RT-PCR showed that MeMIH is expressed in the postmolt, intermolt, and premolt stages of the shrimp eyestalks and the brain. Moreover, RNA message can also be detected in the nervous tissues of newly developed larvae. MeMIH is, however, not found in the muscle, swimming leg, and hepatopancreas. Results from genomic Southern blot analysis and amplification of the shrimp genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suggest that a single copy of the MIH gene is present in the genome. The structural organization of the gene for the shrimp putative MIH is similar to that of the crab Charybdis feriatus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Development of the brine shrimp Artemia is accelerated during spaceflight.

Developmentally arrested brine shrimp cysts have been reactivated during orbital spaceflight on two different Space Shuttle missions (STS-50 and STS-54), and their subsequent development has been compared with that of simultaneously reactivated ground controls. Flight and control brine shrimp do not significantly differ with respect to hatching rates or larval morphology at the scanning and transmission EM levels. A small percentage of the flight larvae had defective nauplier eye development, but the observation was not statistically significant. However, in three different experiments on two different flights, involving a total of 232 larvae that developed in space, a highly significant difference in degree of flight to control development was found. By as early as 2.25 days after reactivation of development, spaceflight brine shrimp were accelerated, by a full instar, over ground control brine shrimp. Although developing more rapidly, flight shrimp grew as long as control shrimp at each developmental instar or stage.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Development of gene transfer technology for black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.

An effective foreign gene transfer method for shrimp would have several potential uses in the shrimp culture industry, such as in preventing infectious diseases. We evaluated two gene transfer methods and used black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, as a model target species. For a promoter, we used the 1,592-bp promoter region of the EF-1alpha gene, a house-keeping gene, of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. The promoter region was linked to either the gene for green fluorescence protein (GFP) or the gene for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). The fusion genes were designated pJEF-GFP and pJEF-CAT, respectively. The pJEF-GFP gene was introduced into fertilized eggs of black tiger shrimp by microinjection and particle gun bombardment. The survival rate of the microinjected eggs was 17.6%, and 1.0% of the treated embryos were found to be GFP-positive. However, the GFP-positive embryos were damaged and embryogenesis did not progress. The survival rate of the particle-bombarded eggs was 60.6%, and 0.42% of the treated embryos were found to be GFP-positive. Ubiquitous GFP expression was observed from 8 hr post-fertilization and these embryos developed and hatched normally. The pJEF-CAT gene was introduced into fertilized eggs of black tiger shrimp using the optimized conditions of the particle gun bombardment. CAT activity was observed from 1 to 7 days post-fertilization, with the highest activities being observed at 5 and 7 days post-hatching.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

The effects of a simulated refinery effluent on the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio.

Duplicate static bioassays were conducted using a simulated refinery effluent on the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio, Hippolyte sp.) with the LC-50 values recorded at 4-, 8-, 24-, 48-, and 96-hr intervals. The stimulated refinery effluent contained phenol (0.10 mg/L), sulfide (0.17 mg/L), chromium (0.25 mg/L), ammonia (10 mg/L), No. 2 fuel oil (10 mg/L), and kaolinite (20 mg/L). This arbitrary reference mixture (ARM) contains approximately the concentration of compounds recommended by EPA for 1977. Of the six ARM components, No. 2 fuel oil was the most toxic followed in decreasing order by sulfide, ammonia, phenol, chromium, and kaolinite. Temperature was the most important environmental variable affecting short term toxicity of the ARM to the grass shrimp. Light intensity, photo-period, and salinity had no significant effect. There was no difference in sensitivity of grass shrimp collected from five locations along the gulf and eastern coasts of the United States. Similarly, there was no difference in the response of two grass shrimp genera, Palaemonetes and Hippolyte to the ARM and there was no differences among the three species of Palaemonetes tested. In comparing the sensitivities of the two genera of grass shrimp and the pinfish (Lagodon rhombroides) to the ARM, the grass shrimp were more sensitive.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Genetic diversity of attached bacteria in the hindgut of the deposit-feeding shrimp Neotrypaea (formerly Callianassa) californiensis (decapoda: thalassinidae).

Microbial colonization of marine invertebrate guts is widespread, but in general the roles that these bacteria play in the nutrition of their hosts are unknown. To examine the diversity and potential nutritional roles of hindgut microbiota in a deposit feeder, PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes were cloned from the bacterial community attached to the hindguts of the thalassinid shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis exposed to different feeding treatments. Partial 16S rDNA sequences were analyzed for 30 clones for three shrimp per treatment for a total of 270 clones. No effects of host starvation or high-protein diets were apparent on hindgut bacterial community composition. Diversity analyses indicated high variability between bacterial communities in individual shrimp hindguts, but partial 16S rDNA sequences revealed remarkable species-level similarity (>98%) within clusters of sequences from the different shrimp hindguts, and many sequences from different shrimp hindguts were identical. Sequences belonged to three main groups of bacteria: Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides (CFB), proteobacteria, and gram-positives. Of the 270 sequences, 40% belonged to the alpha-proteobacteria, > or = 5% each to the gamma- and epsilon -proteobacteria, and > or =20% each to the gram-positive and CFB groups. All except one sequence are novel with < or = 95% sequence similarity to known genes. Despite weak similarity to known taxa,about 75% of the sequences were most closely related to known symbiotic and sedimentary bacteria. The bacteria in shrimp hindguts represent new species that have not yet been en-countered in other environments, and gut environments may be a rich source of the difficult-to-culture and novel components of marine bacterial diversity.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

PROFILE: "Low-Salt" Shrimp Aquaculture in Thailand: Goodbye Coastline, Hello Khon Kaen!

/ Intensive shrimp culture has been confined to relatively narrow bands of land along the seashores of tropical developing nations due to the need for large volumes of saltwater for water exchange during the culture period. Recent developments in Thailand suggest, however, that this close association could soon be a thing of the past. Large numbers of Thai farmers are adopting low-salinity culture systems that rely upon sea or salt pan water that is trucked inland. This development greatly increases the potential for establishing shrimp cultivation much further from the coast than previously believed possible. The migration of intensive shrimp farming into freshwater environments, however, raises serious concerns over the disposal of pond effluents and the impact of saltwater intrusion on surrounding agricultural activities. In the absence of effective government regulation of the expansion and operation of the shrimp culture industry, supporting local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and community initiatives may be the only means of minimizing the negative impacts of shrimp farming on rural communities.KEY WORDS: Aquaculture; Shrimp; Salinity; Thailand

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Red and transparent brine shrimps (Artemia parthenogenetica): a comparative study of their cestode infections.

Although the red colour of brine shrimps has previously been supposed to be associated with cestode parasitism, no evidence has been provided that red and transparent brine shrimps differ in their role for cestode circulation. We compared the cestode infections in 100 red and 100 transparent Artemia parthenogenetica collected from the Odiel salt pans in Spain. Seven cestode species were recorded in red, and only four of them were recorded in transparent brine shrimps. The red brine shrimps were more infected with cysticercoids than transparent individuals (prevalence, 87 vs 21%; mean intensity, 1.56 vs 1.00; mean abundance, 1.35 vs 0.21). Three cestode species (Flamingolepis liguloides, Anomotaenia tringae and Confluaria podicipina) had significantly higher prevalence and mean abundance in red brine shrimps. These results suggest that red brine shrimps have a more important role for the circulation of avian cestodes than transparent individuals of the same population.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Bacterial expression of the shrimp molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH): antibody production, immunocytochemical study and biological assay.

Molting in shrimp is controlled by the molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and ecdysone. MIH inhibits the synthesis of ecdysone in the Y-organ, resulting in molt suppression; it is a neuropeptide member belonging to the eyestalk CHH/MIH/GIH family. The cloning of MIH (formerly MIH-like) of the shrimp Metapenaeus ensis has been reported in a previous study. To obtain a large quantity of fusion protein for antibody production and biological assay, the cDNA encoding the shrimp MIH was inserted into the pRSET bacterial expression vector. His-tagged fusion protein was produced and purified by an Ni2+-charged affinity column. Polyclonal antibody to rMIH was subsequently obtained by immunizing rabbits with purified recombinant proteins. Results from Western blot analysis indicated that the antibody was specific. Furthermore, results from immunocytochemical analysis showed that specific cells in three different clusters of the X-organ, the sinus gland and the axonal tract of the eyestalk contain MIH. To test for the molt-inhibiting activity of rMIH, shrimp at intermolt stage were injected with rMIH and the molt cycle duration of the injected shrimp was monitored. A significant increase in molt cycle duration was recorded for the shrimp injected with the recombinant protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2003

Identification of differentially expressed genes in shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris) infected with White spot syndrome virus by cDNA microarrays.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is currently the most important viral pathogen infecting penaeid shrimp worldwide. Although considerable progress has been made in characterizing the WSSV genome and developing detection methods, information pertaining to host genes involved in WSSV pathogenesis is limited. We examined the potential of cDNA microarray analysis to study gene expression in WSSV-infected shrimp. Shrimp cDNAs were printed as low-density arrays on glass slides and were hybridized with Cy3/Cy5 labeled probes derived from RNA isolated from healthy and WSSV-infected shrimp. Genes that code for proteins that are relevant to crustacean immunity, structural proteins, as well as proteins of unknown function were among those whose mRNA expression was altered upon WSSV infection. To validate the microarray data, the temporal expression of three differentially expressed genes, an immune gene (C-type lectin-1), a structural gene (40S ribosomal protein), and a gene involved in lipid metabolism (fatty acid binding protein) was measured in healthy and WSSV-infected shrimp by real-time RT-PCR. The data suggest that WSSV infection alters the expression of a wide array of cellular genes, and provides a framework for further studies aimed at identifying genes whose function may provide insight into the mechanism of WSSV infection in shrimp.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1984

Allergic contact urticaria caused by raw prawns and shrimps: three cases.

Contact urticaria from raw prawns and shrimps was suspected in three housewives with hand eczema who visited our clinic. A practice skin test in which patients stripped the shells from raw prawns and shrimps was positive, but an intradermal skin test with an allergen extracted from a mixture of prawns and shrimps was negative. Results of skin tests with fresh extracts of raw prawns and shrimps were positive. The RAST with a paper disc method with use of a raw prawn and shrimp as antigens was also positive in these three patients. It is evident from the results obtained that some common substances causing a local urticaria exist in raw prawns and shrimps.

Adult↗