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PubMedDate not supplied

[The importance of Streptococcus bovis systemic infections].

Streptococcus bovis is relatively common cause of bacteremia and endocarditis, especially in older persons, or in patients that have some kind of chronic disease. These infections are frequently connected with malignant, potentially malignant, or benign colorectal neoplasia. Hematogenous dissemination of Streptococcus bovis could result with various clinical manifestations, namely purulent meningitis, brain abscess, osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, and many different kinds of infections in AIDS patients are reported. In this report, two patients hospitalized at the Departement of Infectious Diseases at the General Hospital "Dr. Josip Bencević" in Slavonski Brod are presented. The first patient was addmited to the hospital because of fever of unknown origin, and in his blood cultures, Streptococcus bovis was isolated. He was an older man, who had undergone prostatectomy due prostatic adenoma several years before. The other patient, previously completely healthy younger man, suffered purulent meningitis caused by the same microorganism. Colon endoscopy was performed in both patients and it revealed colon polyps. Histologically, in both cases, those were benign neoplasia. In Croatia, until this report, there have been no other reports about patients suffering systemic Streptococcus bovis infections. At the same time, this report describes Streptococcus bovis purulent meningitis in a previously healthy adult, which is also extremely rare in the medical literature. Since Streptococcus bovis infections are associated with colon carcinoma, it is imperative to perform colonoscopy in each patient suffering infection with this germ, and to consider him as a high risk patient for developing colon cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Severe Streptococcus pyogenes cutaneous infections].

Streptococcus pyogenes is the first bacteria encountered in severe cutaneous infections in children. They enclose erysipela (papillar derma concerned more than hypoderma, lymphatic involvement) and necrotising fasciitis NF (focus on fascia and muscles with extension to hypoderma and reticular derma; venous thrombosis; hypodermic and aponevrotic necrosis). A skin lesion is the entrance of infection: varicella lesions are a major factor of NF. In France, sporadic cases in children are observed. The annual incidence of S. pyogenes invasive diseases is 1/100,000 children under 5 years of age and 0.6/100,000 children under 15 years of age. In North America, resurgence has been notified during the past ten years with mortality and morbidity due to NF and toxic shock syndromes. Interaction between bacteria and host, natural reservoir, explains the physiopathology. During the past ten years, some serotypes have become more invasive and virulent. Any cutaneous lesion interrupt the dermal barrier. Bacterial wall, proteins M and adhesins permit colonisation. Four pyrogenic exotoxins are superantigens; some facilitate inflammation, tissular lesions and shock; other participate to bacterial extension. In young children, immune response is immature. Albeit causal link between non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs and NF in varicella children was not clearly demonstrated, caution should be kept in mind. Diagnosis of erysipela is clinical: sudden appearance of an inflammatory zone, most often on legs, with high fever and pain; sometime peripheral surelevation, lymphangitis, adenopathia. Other aspects open discussion with NF. In NF are in favour, added to high fever, huge pain, erythema and oedema: rapid extension of lesions, cutaneous hypoesthesia appearance, gap between intense severe general status (toxic shock syndrome) and paucity of local signs. NF is a medico-surgical emergency. Early surgery with complete excision of necrotic tissues permit survival. Magnetic resonance is useful in subacute NF. Microbiological diagnosis is possible in 20 to 80% of cases, using combined methods. Blood cultures identify the bacteria in 5 to 20%, skin lesion samples in 30%. Local samples are less useful even with modern techniques. Therapeutic strategy depends on initial diagnosis. Intra-venous antibiotics are necessary: penicillin (G, A or M) is first line therapy. In erysipela, ten days allow a rapid cure without sequellae. In NF, antibiotics are associated with intensive care and surgery. A late diagnosis, a too late surgery explain 16 to 36% of deaths encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Streptococcus agalactiae infective endocarditis].

Streptococcus agalactiae infective endocarditis Streptococcus agalactiae is an unusual cause of infectious endocarditis. We describe the clinical characteristics, therapy and evolution of this infection in four patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2003. All four cases had native valve involvement and vegetations. All the patients had severe aortic failure and three of them also developed heart failure. Valve replacement surgery was performed in all four cases. Mortality was 50%. Infectious endocarditis due to S. agalactiae is very aggressive. Early surgery should be considered to prevent valve destruction and serious complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Streptococcus agalactiae in urinary tract infections.

Streptococcus agalactiae was found to be the cause of approximately 1% of urinary tract infections in a London teaching hospital in the 2 years studied. Of the forty-eight patients with this infection, forty-three were female. In nine patients the infection followed renal transplantation while in nine others it occurred in the presence of chronic renal failure. The rest, who included seven females who developed the infection following hysterectomies, had other clinical conditions which could have predisposed to such infections. The rarity of urinary tract infection by S. agalactiae is in contrast to the high frequency with which the organism colonizes the normal urethra. Serotypes III and II were the predominant isolates in these patients with urinary tract infections; this corresponds to the distribution of the different serotypes in the genito-urinary tract of normal individuals.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on clinical significance of "Streptococcus milleri group" in respiratory infections].

"Streptococcus milleri group" are the part of the indigenous oral flora, and they are proposed to contain three distinct species: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius. Though not included in the approved lists of bacterial names, "S. milleri group" are regarded as the causative organisms of suppurative infections, such as oral abscess, brain abscess, lung abscess and empyema. I have studied the clinical significance of the "S. milleri group" in respiratory infections. An investigation was performed to confirm the incidence of "S. milleri group" colonization in healthy 120 volunteers' (20 y/o-80 y/o) throats, and it was found that 11.7% (14/120) were positive. On the other hand, attention should be paid to the fact that the "S. milleri group" was highly isolated, 24 (24.7%) in 97 purulent respiratory specimens (94 sputa and 3 throat swabs) from which no other significant microorganism was recovered. I have measured the serum antibody titers of the "S. milleri group", employing the IFA technique, in 10 patients from whose specimens "S. milleri group" was predominantly isolated, and compared with those of 18 healthy volunteers. Whereas all of the titers of healthy volunteers reveal less than 1:256, those of the patients reveal more than 1:512. And antibody titers to "S. milleri group" showed the highest in two weeks after "S. milleri group" isolation, and came down to healthy adult levels in six weeks or more. Thus far, about half of the causative organisms of acute pneumonia have been reported unknown. In this study I have suggested that the "S. milleri group" plays an important role as the causative organism in respiratory infections including pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection (beta-hemolytic Streptococcus of group A)].

Group A streptococcal infections are frequent and most often benign. Severe invasive infections due to this microorganism have nevertheless been reported with increasing frequency in various countries for several years. Moreover, a toxic shock-like syndrome has recently been recognized and characterized in such infections. Two cases of invasive group A streptococcal infections (one primary peritonitis and one toxic shock syndrome) are reported to increase a better understanding of this disease in the light of a review of the pertinent literature. This is hoped to contribute to better management of what is a growing problem for many physicians who are nowadays no longer familiar with the broad spectrum of group A streptococcal infections.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2005

[Matched case-control study for risk factors of human Streptococcus suis infection in Sichuan Province, China].

OBJECTIVE: To study the potential risk factors of human infecting with Streptococcus suis. METHODS: 1: M matched case-control study was conducted. 29 human cases of Streptococcus suis infection in the early phase were included in the case group, Patients' family members, neighbors and peoples who had worked together with patients to handle deceased or sick pigs in the last week were recruited as matched controls. There were 147 controls in total. Both cases and controls received questionnaire investigation including the ways to contact sick/dead pigs. Conditional logistic regression was employed to analyze matching data. RESULTS: According to the results of multivariate analysis, slaughtering (OR = 11.978, 95% CI: 3.355-42.756), carcasses cutting and processing (OR = 3.008, 95% CI: 1.022-8.849) sick/dead pigs were associated with cases related to human Streptococcus suis infection. The attributable risk proportion were 91.65% and 66.76% respectively. The other types of exposures to sick/ dead pigs, including feeding, selling, burying and eating, were not associated with the human Streptococcus suis infection in our study population. CONCLUSION: Slaughtering, carcasses cutting and processing sick/dead pigs were important risky behavior for humans to be infected by Streptococcus suis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pentoxifylline ameliorates pulmonary damage caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mouse.

Streptococcus pneumoniae stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophage to release tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in vitro. When penicillin was added into the medium with bacteria, TNF alpha release was accelerated. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, significantly attenuated TNF alpha release caused either by Streptococcus pneumoniae or by its lysates. In this experiment, 150 Kunming mice were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae through inspiration. Dynamic changes of TNF alpha concentration in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined, and pulmonary pathological changes were also observed. It was found that PTX significantly attenuated TNF alpha activity in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and inhibited white blood cell chemotaxis, emigration and infiltration. In conclusion, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection stimulates the release of TNF alpha which is probably the major mediater that causes tissue damage during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. The mechanism is probably that Streptococcus pneumoniae and its lysates activate TNF alpha gene transcription. As penicillin accelerates TNF alpha release, treatment with penicillin alone may aggravate the tissue damage. Combined treatment with PTX may be more reasonable.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for transmission of Streptococcus agalactiae infection between Danish dairy herds: a case control study.

A group of 152 Danish dairy herds infected with Streptococcus agalactiae during 1992 was compared with 177 randomly selected control herds in order to identify factors of importance for the transmission of this bacteria between herds. The diagnosis was based on a laboratory microbiological test on a bulk tank milk sample, and management information was collected by telephone interviews with the farmers. Results from logistic regression clearly indicate that purchase of cows or heifers increases the risk of a new Streptococcus agalactiae herd infection. Hygiene management risk factors inside the farm were also identified.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

Prior experience and response of chickens to a streptococcal infection.

Streptococcus fecalis infection was diagnosed in a population of individually caged meat-type pullets. A retrospective analysis showed that the infection occurred in pullets fed ad libitum and not in those whose feed intake was restricted. Among the former, resistance as measured by changes in body weight and blood heterophils and lymphocytes was greater for those from which blood samples had been obtained than from those which had not been bled. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that handling and feeding programs can modify an individual's resistance to infectious agents. Moreover, these experiences do not have to be extreme; rather they may be consistent with routine production practices such as restricted feed intake and removal of blood for serological testing.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of amoxycillin in the treatment of an experimental Streptococcus bovis infection in racing pigeons (Columba livia).

The pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin in pigeons (Columba livia) and the efficacy of amoxycillin treatment in pigeon streptococcosis, were investigated. After intravenous administration of 150 mg.kg-1 amoxycillin, the drug plasma concentration-time profile fitted an open two-compartment model. Amoxycillin was quickly cleared from the circulation with a mean half-life of 66 min and showed a distribution volume of 0.9 L.kg-1. The absolute oral bioavailability of amoxycillin was 50.1%. A 5-day drinking water treatment with amoxycillin (1500 mg.L-1, corresponding to 112.0 mg.kg-1.day-1 during day-light hours) significantly reduced the postinoculation morbidity in pigeons experimentally infected with Streptococcus bovis, compared to untreated infected controls.

Amoxicillin↗